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"[Besar pembukaan mulut dapat digunakan untuk menilai fungsi sendi temporomandibula. Ukuran besar pembukaan mulut bervariasi, namun di Indonesia belum ada data mengenai rata-rata besar pembukaan mulut. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui rata-rata besar pembukaan mulut masyarakat Indonesia dan menganalisis hubungannya dengan jenis kelamin dan tinggi badan. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode potong lintang pada 182 subjek berusia 17–22 tahun dari mahasiswa Universitas Indonesia. Hasil uji analisis t tidak berpasangan menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan antara rata-rata besar pembukaan mulut wanita dan laki-laki (p<0.05), dengan rata-rata laki-laki (44.84.9mm) lebih besar dibandingkan wanita (37.64.9mm). Hasil uji analisis ANOVA menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan pada rata-rata besar pembukaan mulut antar kelompok tinggi badan (p<0.05). Oleh karena itu, terdapat hubungan antara besar pembukaan mulut dengan jenis kelamin dan tinggi badan, Mouth opening can be used for assessing the function of temporomandibular joint. The average of mouth opening data differs in various population and the aim of this study is to investigate the mean of normal mouth opening in Indonesian population and to analyze the difference in between gender and height groups. Cross sectional study was conducted on 182 subjects aged 17 – 22 from Universitas Indonesia. Independent t test showed significant differences between male and female (p<0.05), with male (44.84.9mm) significantly higher than female (37.64.9mm). One way ANOVA test also showed significant difference between the higher and lower height groups (p<0.05). Thus, mean mouth opening differ significantly in between gender and height groups]"

"A young girl 20 years old with mandibular prognatism has been treated with orthodontics and surgical treatment in between. Mandibular set back was done intra orally 5mm length with bilateral sagital split ramus osteotomy method. And rigid fixation was done by inserting three 2mm bicortical screws for stabilizing the fragment. This method allowed the bony segments to heal properly and allowed the patients to function sooner."

"The increase of pain symptoms in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) challenges the scientists to find a more effective therapy. The popular treatment of the temporomandibular disorder (TMD) are eg occlusal splints, orthodontic treatment, electromyographic biofeedback, medication, etc. Among these splint therapy is more successful than the others especially in dealing with pain in the TMJ. Orthodontics as a treatment for the TMD quite often creates new complains on TMJ during and/or after treatment. The extrusion of the posterior teeth in reducing anterior deep overbite have been proposed as possible cause of TMD. This paper reported that a relaxation splint was an effective solution to relieve the pain in the TMJ for the orthodontic patients where occlusal factors were related. One mounth after the splint therapy, the pain in the TMJ was slowly dissapeared, and the orthodontic treatment can be continued with the splint as an occlusal height guidance."

"Pre-prosthetic treatment is very important step to get a successful prosthodontic treatment. This study reported a case of a patient with missing teeth on left and right lower first and second molar with TMJ symptoms. Other symptoms felt by the patients were car pain and shoulder pain. After detailed examination, pre-prosthetic treatment needed by the patient was the TMH treatment. The usage of occlusal splint as one of the methods to treat the TMD where i.e. eliminate the occlusal disorder to reduce the neuromuscular activity and to regain a stable centric relation. After the splint treatment, an open bite on the posterior teeth appeared. To solve this problem, a removable frame prosthesis enhanced with overlay rest was fabricated. With this prosthesis, the TMJ symptoms stopped recurring. It was concluded that to achieve a successful prosthesis a detailed and comprehensive treatment was needed including the pre-prosthetic treatment along with the patient's motivation and cooperation."

"A case of unilateral bony ankylosis of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) in a thirteen year old girl was reported. Maximum opening was minimal (4 mm) with hypoplastic mandible and also facial and dental asymmetry. There was no palpable movement over the left TMJ and only slight rotation on the right side. It may be caused by trauma, but the parents didn't notice. She had a problem with sleep apneu and sometimes felt sleepy during school time. She was refered to Oral Surgery Department Hasan Sadikin Hospital in Bandung from a private dental practitioner in Jakarta. Treatment for this patient is divided into three operations. The first operation was gap arthroplasty, second operation is osteodistraction and followed by orthognatic surgery. This paper discusses only gap arthoplasty with temporoparietalis muscle interposition. Twenty days after surgery maximum opening was 26 mm."

"ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Proses penuaan dapat menyebabkan perubahan fisiologis pada jaringan gigi dan mulut, termasuk fungsi pada sendi temporomandibula. Mastikasi merupakan salah satu fungsi sistem stomagtonati yang dapat dipengaruhi oleh gangguan sendi temporomandibula (Temporomandibula Disorders). Tujuan: Menganalisis hubungan antara gangguan sendi temporomandibula terhadap kemampuan mastikasi, serta menganalisis pengaruh faktor sosiodemografi terhadap gangguan sendi temporomandibula dan kemampuan mastikasi. Metode: Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan desain cross sectional pada 100 pasien Puskesmas Kecamatan Kramat Jati berusia 60 tahun ke atas. Dilakukan pencatatan diri responden, pemeriksaan klinis intraoral, dan wawancara menggunakan kuesioner kemampuan mastikasi dan ID-TMD. Hasil penelitian: Gangguan sendi temporomandibula memiliki hubungan (p < 0,05) terhadap kemampuan mastikasi. Terdapat hubungan antara usia dengan gangguan sendi temporomandibula, tetapi tidak terdapat hubungan antara jenis kelamin, tingkat pendidikan dan status ekonomi dengan gangguan sendi temporomandibula. Terdapat hubungan antara usia, tingkat pendidikan, dan status ekonomi dengan kemampuan mastikasi, tetapi tidak ada hubungan antara jenis kelamin dengan kemampuan mastikasi. Kesimpulan: Terdapat pengaruh gangguan sendi temporomandibula terhadap kemampuan mastikasi pada lansia.

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ABSTRACTBackground: Aging process involve physiological changes in the teeth and mouth tissues, including temporomandibular joint function. Mastication is one of the main functions of the stomatognathic system that may be affected by temporomandibular disorders. Objectives: To analyze the relationship between temporomandibular disorder towards masticatory ability, to analyze sociodemographic factors (age, gender, educational level, and economic status) towards temporomandibular disorder and masticatory ability. Methods: Cross-sectional study was conducted on 100 patients of Puskesmas Kramat Jati aged 60 years and over. Subject's data and oral examination were obtained, and interview for masticatory ability and ID-TMD were conducted. Results: There was correlation (p < 0.05) between temporomandibular disorder towards masticatory ability. There was correlation between age towards temporomandibular disorder, but there was no correlation between gender, educational level and economic status towards temporomandibular disorder. There was correlation between age, educational level, and economic status towards masticatory ability, but there was no correlation between gender towards masticatory ability. Conclusion: This study shows that temporomandibular disorders negatively influence masticatory ability in elderly."

"ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Temporomandibular Disorders atau yang dikenal dengan TMDmerupakan kumpulan gangguan yang terjadi pada musculoskeletal dan neuromuscular yangberhubungan dengan otot mastikasi, sendi temporomandibula (TMJ) dan atau struktur yanglainnya. TMD memiliki etiologi yang multifaktorial, dan cara penentuan diagnosis TMDdapat dilakukan dengan berbagai cara, melalui pengisian kuesioner, pemeriksaan klinismaupun pemeriksaan penunjang seperti radiografi. Kuesioner TMD telah banyakdikembangkan di dunia, dan di Indonesia sendiri, telah dikembangkan ID-TMD dan IndeksEtiologi Gangguan Sendi Temporomandibula, namun butuh dikembangkan suatu kuesioneryang mencakup seluruh tanda gejala dan etiologi TMD dengan referensi terkini yang dapatmempermudah klinisi untuk mendeteksi TMD pada pasien. Tujuan: Mengembangkansuatu kuesioner Gangguan Sendi Rahang yang valid dan reliabel. Metode: Pengembangankuesioner dijalankan dengan dua tahap, yaitu pada tahap kualitatif dilakukan 28 wawancaraterstruktur dan mendalam dengan pasien TMD menggunakan panduan semi-struktur yangdibuat peneliti dan melewati diskusi pakar. Hasil kuesioner tahap kualitatif dilanjutkandengan studi potong lintang pada 126 pasien TMD. Seluruh hasil pengisian kuesionerdilakukan Exploratory Analysis Factor dan dilanjutkan dengan pengujian validitas danreliabilitas menggunakan SPSS untuk mendapatkan nilai Alpha Cronbach. Hasil:Pengembangan Kuesioner Gangguan Sendi Rahang terdiri atas 56 item pertanyaan yangmemiliki 3 komponen besar yaitu tanda dan gejala sebanyak 14 pertanyaan, kebiasaanburuk 15 pertanyaan dan stres emosional 27 pertanyaan. Kesimpulan: PengembanganKuesioner Gangguan Sendi Rahang valid dan reliabel.

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ABSTRACTBackground: Temporomandibular Disorders, also known as TMD, is a collection ofdisorders that occur in the musculoskeletal and neuromuscular that are associatedwith masticatory system, temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and or other structures.TMD has a multifactorial etiology, and the method of determining the diagnosis ofTMD can be done in various ways, through filling in questionnaires, clinicalexaminations and investigations such as radiography. The TMD questionnaire hasbeen widely developed in the world, and in Indonesia itself, ID-TMD and theQuestionnaire to determine the Etiology of Temporomandibular Disorders have beendeveloped, but a questionnaire is needed to cover all symptoms and etiology of TMDwith the latest references that can facilitate clinicians to easily detect TMD inpatients. Objective: To develop a valid and reliable Temporomandibular Disorderquestionnaire. Method: The development of the questionnaire was carried out in twostages, namely in the qualitative stage, 28 TMD patient were interviewed using semistructuredguidelines made by researcher and passing expert discussions. The resultsof the qualitative stage questionnaire were followed by cross-sectional studies on 126TMD patients. All the results of filling out the questionnaire were carried out byExploratory Analysis Factor followed by testing validity and reliability using SPSS toproduce Cronbach Alpha value. Results: Development Temporomandibular DisorderQuestionnaire has total 56 items (questions) distributed amongst 3 major components,namely Signs and symptoms consist of 14 items, Bad habits 15 items and Emotionalstress 27 (questions). Conclusion: Development of Temporomandibular DisorderQuestionnaire were valid and reliable."

"ABSTRAKPada saat menyanyi, setiap penyanyi memiliki kebiasaan atau ciri tertentu, misalnyaduduk, memiringkan kepala ke satu sisi, dll yang dapat disebabkan karena rasanyaman atau karena ada gangguan. Kebiasaan atau ciri menyanyi yang disebabkanadanya gangguan dapat mengakibatkan perubahan pada postur kranioservikalsehingga terjadi hiperaktifitas otot-otot mastikasi yang dapat merupakan salah satuetiologi terjadinya gangguan sendi temporomandibula. Gangguan senditemporomandibula atau temporomandibular disorder (TMD) merupakan hal yangsering dijumpai di masyarakat. Etiologi TMD bersifat multifaktorial antara lain posturkranioservikal yang kurang baik, gangguan otot, dll. Penelitian ini bertujuanmenganalisis hubungan antara postur kranioservikal dan durasi menyanyi padapenyanyi terhadap terjadinya TMD. Desain penelitian adalah analitik observasionalcase-control terhadap 40 penyanyi yang mengalami keluhan TMD. Diagnosis TMDditegakkan dengan Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders(RDC), sedangkan analisis postur kranioservikal digunakan radiografi sefalometriuntuk memperoleh sudut NSL/OPT. Dengani RDC, 24 penyanyi termasuk dalamkategori TMD, dan 16 penyanyi non TMD. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidakterdapat perbedaan postur kranioservikal antara penyanyi dengan TMD dan nonTMD dengan nilai p = 0,084. Namun terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antaradurasi menyanyi dan TMD pada penyanyi dengan nilai p = 0,000. Semakin panjangdurasi menyanyi dalam satu hari, semakin besar kemungkinan penyanyi mengalamigangguan sendi temporomandibula.

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ABSTRACTWhile singing, every singer has a different style, like singing while sitting, singingwhile tilting head to one side, etc. These behaviors, whether caused by habit ordiscomfort, may change craniocervical posture, which then may trigger masticationmuscles hyperactivity. This is one possible etiology for temporomandibular disorder.Temporomandibular Disorder (TMD) is a common disorder caused by a variety offactors such as bad craniocervical posture, or muscle disorder, etc. The purpose ofthis study was to analyze the relationships among TMD, craniocervical posture, andduration of singing. This observational case-control study was done with 40 singerswith TMD symptoms. TMD was diagnosed based on Research Diagnostic Criteria forTemporomandibular Disorders (RDC). Radiographic cephalometry was taken forcraniocervical posture analysis of NSL/OPT angle. By RDC, the singers wereclassified to 24 singers with TMD and 16 singers without TMD. This study found nodifference for craniocervical posture in singers with TMD and without TMD (p =0,084). However, there was a significant relationship between duration of singingand TMD (p = 0,000). The longer the duration of singing in a day, the bigger thelikelihood to develop TMD."

"[ABSTRAKTesis ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara kebiasaan mengunyah dan asimetri vertikal kondilus pada pasien TMD. Dilakukan penelitian potong lintang di klinik Prostodonsia RSKGM FKG UI menggunakan data sekunder dari empat puluh rekam medik dan gambaran radiografik pasien TMD. Tracing gambaran radiografi panoramik dilakukan untuk menilai asimetri vertikal kondilus pada subjek menggunakan Indeks Asimetri Habets dan Simetri Indeks Kjellberg.Hasil penilaian asimetri vertikal kondilus kemudian dihubungkan dengan kebiasaan mengunyah, Indeks Helkimo, dan DC/TMD. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak terdapat hubungan antara kebiasaan mengunyah dan asimetri vertikal kondilus pada pasien TMD.

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ABSTRACTThis study was performed to analize the relationship betweenchewing preferences and condylar asymmetry in patients with TMD. A cross-sectional study at Prosthodontic Clinic, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Indonesia using secondary data obtain from forty TMD patients's medical record and panoramic radiograph was conducted. The panoramic radiograph were traced on tracing paper to evaluate condylar asymmetry using Asymmetry Index of Habets and Symmetry Index of Kjellberg. The evaluation of condylar asymetry were then related to chewing preference, Helkimo?s Index, and DC/TMD.There was no relationship found between chewing preference and condylar asymmetry in patients with TMD. , This study was performed to analize the relationship betweenchewing preferences and condylar asymmetry in patients with TMD. A cross-sectional study at Prosthodontic Clinic, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Indonesia using secondary data obtain from forty TMD patients’s medical record and panoramic radiograph was conducted. The panoramic radiograph were traced on tracing paper to evaluate condylar asymmetry using Asymmetry Index of Habets and Symmetry Index of Kjellberg. The evaluation of condylar asymetry were then related to chewing preference, Helkimo’s Index, and DC/TMD.There was no relationship found between chewing preference and condylar asymmetry in patients with TMD. ]"