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"Toleransi perubahan sudut vertikal merupakan aspek penting dalam upaya meminimalisir distorsi vertikal pada radiograf gigi molar rahang bawah. Tujuan: Menganalisis toleransi perubahan sudut vertikal pada radiograf periapikal gigi molar rahang bawah. Metode: 30 gigi molar rahang bawah (15 gigi molar pertama dan 15 gigi molar kedua) dilakukan pengukuran panjang klinis lalu ditanam dalam model dan dilakukan pemeriksaan radiografik dengan teknik radiografi periapikal masing-masing sebanyak 7 kali dengan sudut vertikal 00, +50, +100, +150, -50, -100 dan -150 kemudian dilakukan pengukuran panjang gigi dan perbedaan tinggi cusp bukal lingual pada radiograf. Hasil: Panjang gigi radiograf pada sudut vertikal +15° telah bertambah sebesar 0,81 dari rerata panjang klinis dengan simpangan baku ±0.39. Kesimpulan: Toleransi perubahan sudut vertikal positif pada radiograf periapikal gigi molar rahang bawah untuk melihat panjang gigi adalah 15°.

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Tolerance of vertical angle alteration is an important aspect in an effort to minimize vertical distortion on lower molars radiograph.

Objective: To analyze the tolerance of vertical angle alteration on lower molars periapical radiograph.

Methods: 30 lower molars (15 first molars and 15 second molars) were performed measurement of clinical tooth length then were planted in model and were performed radiographic examinations by using periapical radiography technique 7 times for each tooth with vertical angle 00, +50, +100, +150, -50, -100 and -150 then tooth length and buccal and lingual cusp height difference on radiograph were measured.

Results: Tooth length on radiograph at vertical angle +15° has increased 0,81 mm from clinical tooth length mean with standar deviation ±0.39 mm.

Conclusion: Tolerance of positive vertical angle alteration on lower molars periapical radiograph to looking at the tooth length is 15°."

"Tingkat distorsi vertikal yang cukup besar pada radiograf periapikal gigi anterior rahang atas serta penggunaan lebar singulum sebagai acuan evaluasi distorsi vertikal radiograf gigi anterior. Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui perubahan sudut vertikal yang masih dapat ditoleransi pada radiograf periapikal gigi insisif rahang atas. Metode: Pada 30 gigi insisif rahang atas, dilakukan pembuatan radiograf periapikal sudut vertikal 0° sebagai acuan standar, selanjutnya dilakukan perubahan sudut vertikal -10°, +10°, -15°, +15°, -20°, dan +20°. Sumbu panjang gigi diatur posisinya sejajar film pada saat dilakukan paparan sinar-X. Kemudian panjang gigi dan lebar singulum pada radiograf dengan perubahan sudut vertikal diukur dan dibandingkan dengan kondisi sebenarnya. Seluruh hasil pengukuran diuji secara statistik dengan T test. Hasil: Perbedaan antara panjang gigi klinis dengan panjang gigi radiografik pada seluruh perubahan sudut vertikal terbukti tidak signifikan (p>0.05), sedangkan perubahan lebar singulum signifikan pada sudut +15° dan -10° (p<0.05). Kesimpulan: Panjang gigi pada radiograf periapikal gigi insisif rahang atas yang diposisikan sejajar dengan film radiograf masih dapat ditoleransi sampai dengan perubahan sudut vertikal sebesar 20º. Lebar singulum menyempit secara signifikan pada radiograf yang mengalami perubahan sudut +15º dan melebar secara signifikan pada radiograf yang mengalami perubahan sudut -10º.

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The prevalence of vertical distortion in the periapical radiograph of anterior maxillary teeth is quite significant and cingulum is commonly used as the reference of vertical distortion in anterior radiograph.

Objective: To evaluate the limit of vertical angulation error that still can be tolerated.

Method: Periapical radiograph with vertical angle 0° was obtained from 30 maxillary incisors as reference, then the vertical angulation was changed into -10°, +10°, -15°, +15°, -20°, and +20°. Long axis of the teeth was adjusted parallel to the film. Tooth length and cingulum width with vertical angulation alteration was measured and compared to the actual length. All of the measurement was tested using T test.

Result: There were no significant difference between all the measurements of tooth length with the alteration in vertical angulation (p>0.05), whereas cingulum width had a significant difference at +15° and -10°, (p>0.05).

Conclusion: Tooth length in periapical radiograph of maxillary incisor with parallel position is still tolerable until 20º vertical angle errors. Cingulum width on radiograph with +15º vertical angle alteration is significantly narrowed and on radiograph with -10° vertical angle alteration is significantly widened."

"[ABSTRAKPada 35 sampel, dilakukan analisis radiografis kepadatan tulang alveolar di sekitar implan dental menggunakan piranti lunak SIDEXIS-XG dan pengukuran frekuensi resonansi implan dengan mengunakan Osstell ISQ segera setelah pemasangan implan dan saat kontrol bulan ketiga.Tidakterdapat hubungan bermakna antara analisis radiografis kepadatan tulang alveolar di sekitar implan dental dan frekuensi resonansi implan dental (r = -0,102 di awal dan r = 0,146 saat kontrol, p> 0,05), namun terdapat perubahan bermakna kepadatan tulang alveolar di sekitar implan dental (p = 0,005) dan frekuensi resonansi implan dental (p = 0,000) selama masa penyembuhan.

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ABSTRACTOn 35 samples, alveolar bone density surrounding dental implant was analyzed using SIDEXIS-XG software and resonance frequency of dental implant was acquired by Osstell ISQ right after dental implant placement and on third-month follow-up. No significant correlation was reported between radiographic analysis of alveolar bone density surrounding dental implant and resonance frequency of dental implant (r = - 0,102 at baseline dan r = 0,146 on follow-up, p> 0,05). However, significant difference was observed for alveolar bone density surrounding dental implant and resonance frequency of dental implant throughout healing period (p = 0,005 and p = 0,000 respectively).;On 35 samples, alveolar bone density surrounding dental implant was analyzed using SIDEXIS-XG software and resonance frequency of dental implant was acquired by Osstell ISQ right after dental implant placement and on third-month follow-up. No significant correlation was reported between radiographic analysis of alveolar bone density surrounding dental implant and resonance frequency of dental implant (r = - 0,102 at baseline dan r = 0,146 on follow-up, p> 0,05). However, significant difference was observed for alveolar bone density surrounding dental implant and resonance frequency of dental implant throughout healing period (p = 0,005 and p = 0,000 respectively).;On 35 samples, alveolar bone density surrounding dental implant was analyzed using SIDEXIS-XG software and resonance frequency of dental implant was acquired by Osstell ISQ right after dental implant placement and on third-month follow-up. No significant correlation was reported between radiographic analysis of alveolar bone density surrounding dental implant and resonance frequency of dental implant (r = - 0,102 at baseline dan r = 0,146 on follow-up, p> 0,05). However, significant difference was observed for alveolar bone density surrounding dental implant and resonance frequency of dental implant throughout healing period (p = 0,005 and p = 0,000 respectively)., On 35 samples, alveolar bone density surrounding dental implant was analyzed using SIDEXIS-XG software and resonance frequency of dental implant was acquired by Osstell ISQ right after dental implant placement and on third-month follow-up. No significant correlation was reported between radiographic analysis of alveolar bone density surrounding dental implant and resonance frequency of dental implant (r = - 0,102 at baseline dan r = 0,146 on follow-up, p> 0,05). However, significant difference was observed for alveolar bone density surrounding dental implant and resonance frequency of dental implant throughout healing period (p = 0,005 and p = 0,000 respectively).]"

"ABSTRAKLatar belakang: Oroantral Communication (OAC) merupakan salah satu komplikasi yang cukup sering ditemukan pasca melakukan ekstraksi gigi posterior rahang atas. Hingga saat ini telah diperkenalkan berbagai macam teknik perawatan bedah untuk melakukan penutupan kasus Oroantral Communication. Tujuan: Penelitian ini dibuat untuk melihat perawatan bedah yang optimum bagi kasus OAC serta mengevaluasi tingkat keberhasilan, komplikasi pasca perawatan, serta mengidentifikasi kelebihan serta kekurangan dari masing-masing perawatan. Metode: Pedoman penyusunan PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses) digunakan sebagai panduan penyusunan systematic review ini. Pencarian dilakukan untuk menemukan penelitian sepuluh tahun terakhir yang membahas penutupan OAC melalui tiga database yang berbeda. Hasil: Pencarian secara online menghasilkan 637 studi, ditemukan 2 studi untuk dilakukan dianalisa, dan diperoleh 1 buah teknik penutupan primer terhadap defek OAC (teknik flap bukal). Hal ini dikarenakan rentang waktu sepuluh tahun ditetapkan untuk pencarian literatur yang membahas penutupan primer kasus OAC. Tingkat keberhasilan rata-rata keseluruhan penutupan OAC dengan flap bukal mencapai 100% (hanya terdapat kegagalan pada satu kasus). Kesimpulan: Dari analisis penelitian ini, ditemukan bahwa metode intervensi ini mempunyai berbagai macam kelebihan, kekurangan serta komplikasi post-operatif yang harus dipertimbangkan dalam memutuskan teknik intervensi yang akan diterapkan untuk menutup defek OAC.

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ABSTRACTOroantral Communication (OAC) is a complication that is quite often found after the extraction of maxillary posterior teeth. At this time, various kinds of surgical treatment techniques have been introduced to close the Oro-antral defects. The aim of this systematic review was to identify an ideal surgical treatment for OAC cases and evaluate the success rate, post-treatment complications, and identify the advantages and disadvantages of each treatment. PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses) guideline was used to conduct this systematic review. Literature searching was conducted in three different databases to find the last ten years of research that discussed the closure of OAC. Online searches resulted in 637 studies, and after selection process based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, 2 studies were included for analysis and there is only one primary closure technique (buccal flap). This result is due to ten years time range been given to collect the literatures that discuss about primary closure of OAC. The overall success rate of buccal flap techniqiue reaches 100% from all cases. The results of this systematic review indicate that this intervention technique has a variety of advantages, disadvantages and also post-operative complications that must be considered in deciding which intervention techniques will be applied to close the OAC defect"

"Radiografi dental panoramik merupakan teknik untuk mendapatkan gambaran daerah mandibula dan seluruh gigi. Saat ini yang menjadi referensi pengukuran dosis pasien adalah penggunaan TLD chip, namun cara pengukuran yang memberikan indikasi langsung dari dosis pasien lebih sulit ditentukan. Dalam penelitian ini dilakukan pengukuran dengan metode CTDI dan pengukuran dengan TLD chip. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis fantom silinder PMMA berdiameter 16 cm dengan 5 titik pengukuran yaitu pada periperal dan pusat fantom. TLD diletakkan pada sekeliling permukaan fantom, sedangkan pencil chamber diletakkan ke dalam celah fantom dengan lebar berkas radiasi 5 cm. Selain itu, percobaan ini menggunakan waktu penyinaran 12 detik dengan masing-masing faktor eksposi anak 65 kV dan dewasa 70 kV. Nilai CTDI dihitung dari hasil bacaan pencil chamber, sedangkan TLD dihitung dari hasil pembacaan data TLD chip. Selanjutnya, Dose Area Product (DAP) didapatkan dari mengalikan CT-Dose Index dengan celah sekunder dari reseptor. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Dose-Length Product (DLP) dan DAP untuk kondisi anak adalah 18,23 mGy.mm dan 270 mGy.mm2, sedangkan DLP dan DAP untuk kondisi dewasa adalah 23,45 mGy.mm dan 330 mGy.mm2 . Sebaliknya, hasil pengukuran dosis menggunakan TLD pada dental panoramik yaitu 0,0875 ± 0,001 mGy untuk kondisi anak dan 0,0731 ± 0,001 mGy untuk kondisi dewasa.

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Dental panoramic radiography is a technique to get an image of mandible and teeths. Commonly the patient dose estimation is TLD measurement, but the measurement of actual patient dose is more difficult to determine. In this study, we did the patient dose assesment of the dental panoramic procedure using CTDI method and compared with TLD measurement.

The experiment was done using 16 cm diameter cylindrical CTDI phantom with 5 points measurement at periapical and center of the phantom. TLDs were distributed circularly at phantom surface, whereas the pencil chamber with 5 cm wide X-ray beam was inserted into the chamber’s holder of the phantom. Moreover, the experiments were performed using 12 seconds time exposure and 65 kV and 70 kV for children and adult respectively. The CTDI was calculated based on the reading of chamber whereas the TLD was calculated based on the TLD reading data. Subsequently, the dose area product was calculated with multiplying the CTDI with the secondary slit are of receptor.

The results show the DLP and DAP for children are 18,23 mGy.mm and 270 mGy.mm2, whereas DLP and DAP for adult are 23,45 mGy.mm and 330 mGy.mm2. On the other hand, the TLD measurement shows that the dose estimation during the dental panoramic procedure are 0,0875 ± 0,001 mGy for children and 0,0731 ± 0,001 mGy for adult."

"Latar belakang: Kulit buah manggis diketahui memiliki banyak khasiat seperti antioksidan, antiinflamasi, antitumor, antivirus, antibakteri, antifungi, antihistamin, antimalaria dan lainnya. Dalam menjalankan perannya, banyak zat aktif yang ,menghambat penyembuhan fraktur sehingga diperlukan peran antioksidan. Tujuan: Mengetahui efek ekstrak kulit buah manggis terhadap penyembuhan tulang. Metode dan Bahan: Penelitian ini menggunakan model fraktur yaitu defek femur kiri-kanan pada 6 ekor mencit (12 femur). Kemudian diaplikasikan ekstrak kulit buah manggis dosis 20 mg/kg BB (3 femur kiri) dan 40 mg/kg BB (3 femur kiri) serta saline water sebagai kontrol (6 femur kanan) pada hari ke 2, 4 dan 6. Pada hari ke 7, semua mencit dikorbankan. Selanjutnya ukuran diameter defek dievaluasi dengan dental digital radiography. Hasil: Terdapat penurunan ukuran diameter defek pada femur mencit yang diaplikasikan ekstrak kulit buah manggis dosis 40 mg/kg BB namun tidak berbeda bermakna bila dibandingkan dengan kontrol (saline water). Kesimpulan: Aplikasi ekstrak kulit buah manggis dosis 40 mg/kg BB dapat menurunkan ukuran diameter defek pada tulang.

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Background: Peel of mangosteen has many benefits such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal, antihistamine, antimalarial and others. It has a lot of active substances contained therein as xanthones, anthocyanins, phenols, tannins and others. In bone fractures, an increase of free radicals that are supposed to inhibit the bone fractures healing that required the antioxidants.

Objective: To examine the effect of mangosteen peel extract on bone healing.

Methods and Materials: This study uses fracture model that defects on left-right femur in 6 mice (12 femur). Then applied mangosteen peel extract doseges of 20 mg/kg (3 left femur), 40 mg/kg (3 left femur) and saline water as a control (6 right femur) on days 2, 4 and 6. On day 7, all mice were sacrificed. Furthermore, the diameter size of the defect was evaluated with dental digital radiography.

Results: There was a decrease in the diameter of the femoral defect in mice that are applied mangosteen peel extract dose of 40 mg/kg, but not significantly different when compared with saline water.

Conclusion: The application of mangosteen peel extract 40 mg/kg BW dosage can reduce the diameter size of the bone defect."