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"Karies merupakan penyakit infeksi pada gigi yang paling sering menjadi masalah bagi kesehatan mulut. Prevalensi karies di Indonesia tergolong tinggi. Penyebab utama karies adalah bakteri Streptococcus mutans. Beberapa penelitian menunjukkan daun binahong memiliki zat antibakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan efek antibakteri infusum daun binahong terhadap Streptococcus mutans secara in vitro. Konsentrasi infusum yang diuji 100%, 50%, 25%, dan 10%. Uji dilusi dilakukan untuk mendapatkan nilai KHM dan KBM, menggunakan media BHI broth dan TYS20B. Uji difusi dilakukan untuk memperoleh nilai zona hambatan, menggunakan media BHA dan BHA-darah. Dari uji dilusi, didapatkan nilai KHM 50% dan KBM diatas 50%. Dari uji difusi pada media BHA, didapatkan nilai zona hambatan: 0,75 mm (10%), 0,625 mm (25%), 1,125 mm (50%), 0,75 mm (100%). Dari uji difusi pada media BHA-darah, didapatkan nilai zona hambatan: 0,5 mm (10%), 0,875 mm (25%), 1,125 mm (50%), 0,625 mm (100%). Bakteri S. mutans sensitif terhadap infusum daun binahong.

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Dental caries is the most common oral infectious disease in humans with relatively high prevalence in Indonesia. Streptococcus mutans is the main causative agent of caries. Previous researches had identified several antibacterial ingredients in binahong leaves. This study is aimed to prove that binahong leaves infusion is effective as an antibacterial agent against Streptococcus mutans in vitro. The concentration of infusion that were used in this test were 100%, 50%, 25, and 10%. To determine minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), dilution test was performed on BHI broth and TYS20B mediums. As to measure zone of inhibition, diffusion test was performed on BHA and BHA-blood mediums. The result showed that the MIC was 50% and the MBC was above 50%. From the diffusion test on BHA medium, the scores of inhibitory zone are 0,75 mm (10%), 0,625 mm (25%), 1,125 mm (50%), 0,75 mm (100%). While on BHA-blood medium, the scores are 0,5 mm (10%), 0,875 mm (25%), 1,125 mm (50%), 0,625 mm (100%). It is concluded that S. mutans is sensitive to binahong leaves infusion."

"Penentuan jenis kelamin dan ras penting untuk identifikasi forensik. Tujuan: Menentukan jenis kelamin dan ras berdasarkan nilai referensi dan ukuran mesiodistal (MD) dan bukolingual (BL) gigi. Metode: Dilakukan pengukuran lebar MD dan BL pada 80 gigi molar satu rahang atas (M1 RA) dari laki-laki dan perempuan Batak dan Tionghoa. Hasil: Terdapat perbedaan ukuran gigi M1 RA antar jenis kelamin dan ras (p<0,05), kecuali pada ukuran BL perempuan Batak dengan Tionghoa. Nilai referensi penentuan jenis kelamin ukuran BL 11,48 mm; MD 10,35 mm, penentuan suku laki-laki ukuran BL 11.88 mm; MD 10,65 mm, sedangkan perempuan BL 11,27 mm; MD 10,08 mm. Kesimpulan: Ukuran gigi M1 RA dapat dijadikan parameter penentuan jenis kelamin dan ras pada populasi suku Batak dan Tionghoa di Indonesia.

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Sex and race determination are crucial aspects in human identification.

Objective: To determine sex and race of an individual based on maxillary first molar crown dimensions.

Methods: 160 Maxillary first molars of Chinese and Batak population were measured.

Results: The differences between male and female; Batak and Chinese in all dimensions measured were statistically significant (p<0.05) except for the right and left buccolingual dimensions of Batak females and Chinese females. Sex determination reference point for buccolingual (BL) was 11.48 mm; mesiodistal (MD) was 10.35 mm, male race determination for BL was 11.88 mm; for MD was 10.65 mm, female race determination for BL was 11.27 mm; and for MD was 10.08 mm.

Conclusion: Permanent Maxillary first molar crown dimensions can be used to determine sex and race in Batak and Chinese population in Indonesia."

"Periode gigi bercampur adalah suatu periode yang kritis karena terjadi perubahan-perubahan pada lengkung gigi anak. Perubahan tersebut dapat disebabkan oleh perubahan lebar intermolar dan interkaninus yang mempengaruhi perubahan lebar intergonion. Pengetahuan mengenai hubungan antara lebar intermolar dan interkaninus terhadap lebar intergonion dapat dipergunakan untuk memperkirakan lebar lengkung rahang sehingga dapat ditentukan rencana perawatan yang tepat. Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui hubungan antara lebar intermolar dan interkaninus terhadap lebar intergonion pada anak usia 6-9 tahun. Metode: Analitik dengan desain potong lintang. Subjek penelitian berupa 30 model studi dan foto radiograf panoramik pasien anak RSGMP FKG UI. Hasil: Intermolar dan intergonion memiliki korelasi yang lemah dan tidak signifikan (r=0,277). Interkaninus dan Intergonion memiliki korelasi yang sangat lemah dan tidak signifikan (r=0,032). Sedangkan intermolar dan interkaninus memiliki hubungan yang kuat dan signifikan (r=0,580).

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Mixed dentition is a critical period because the changes occur in children's dental arch. The changes can be caused by changes in intermolar and intercaninus width that can affect intergonion width. Theory of relationship between intermolar and intercaninus width against intergonion can be used to estimate the arch width, so the best treatment plan can be determined.

Objective: This study aimed to determine the relationship between intermolar and intercaninus against intergonion in children aged 6-9 years old.

Methods: Crosssectional analytic design. The subject of research were 30 study models and orthopantomograms of pediatric patients in RSGMP FKG UI.

Results: intermolar and intergonion had weak and not significant correlation (r=0,277). Intercaninus and intergonion had very weak and not significant correlation (r=0,032). Intermolar and intercaninus had strong and significant correlation (r=0,580)."