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Abstrak :
Temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. ) merupakan tanaman yang memiliki banyak manfaat, tetapi penggunaannya kurang optimal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh formula tablet efervesen dengan bahan berkhasiat ekstrak kering temulawak sehingga dapat dikonsumsi sebagai suplemen sehat komersial. Tablet efervesen dibuat dengan metode granulasi basah mengunakan variasi jumlah effervescent mix dan bahan pemanis pada kondisi kelembaban relatif (RH) 40% dengan suhu 25°C. Ketiga formula tablet efervesen yang dibuat memenuhi syarat evaluasi granul dan tablet efervesen. Hasil analisis kesukaan menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada perbedaan tingkat kesukaan terhadap penampilan dan aroma dari ketiga formula tablet efervesen, namun ada perbedaan tingkat kesukaan terhadap rasa dari ketiga formula yang dibuat. Dari ketiga formula yang telah diujikan pada responden, fomula I dengan jumlah effervescent mix 80% dan aspartam 1,5 % memiliki rasa yang lebih disukai dibandingkan formula II dengan jumlah effervescent mix 80% dan aspartam 2,5 % dan formula III dengan jumlah effervescent mix 80% tanpa penambahan aspartam. Dari hasil penelitian ini diharapkan tablet efervesen ekstrak temulawak dapat menjadi produk suplemen yang dapat dipasarkan. ......Curcuma (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.) has many benefits for health and medical use, but its usefulness is less than optimal. Therefore a study aimed at gaining effervescent tablets formula with dried ginger extract that can be consumed as a healthy commercial supplement are conducted. Effervescent tablets prepared by wet granulation method with various concentration of effervescent mix and sweetener on the condition of relative humidity (RH) 40% in a temperature of 25°C. Three effervescent tablets formula are designed to meet the effervescent granules and tablets evaluations. The analysis shows that there is no different level of preference for appearance and aroma of three effervescent tablets formula, but there are different in taste. Based on survey, formula I with 80% of effervescent mix and 1,5% of aspartame is more preferable than formula II with 80% of effervescent mix and 2,5% of aspartame and formula III with 80% of effervescent mix without aspartame. Results of this study are expecting effervescent tablet from ginger extract as supplement can be marketed.

Abstrak :
Tokotrienol merupakan senyawa alam turunan vitamin E yang berwujud minyak dan memiliki aktivitas antioksidan yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan tokoferol. Namun, tokotrienol bersifat kurang stabil sehingga membatasi penyimpanan dan penanganannya dalam sediaan. Pada penelitian ini, minyak tokotrienol diubah menjadi serbuk melalui mikroenkapsulasi untuk meningkatkan kestabilannya dengan metode penguapan pelarut dan semprot kering menggunakan penyalut etilselulosa. Evaluasi mikrokapsul yang dilakukan yaitu bentuk dan morfologi, ukuran, efisiensi penjerapan, uji perolehan kembali, sifat alir, kadar air, indeks mengembang, dan uji disolusi. Selain itu, dilakukan pula uji stabilitas pada suhu kamar dan stabilitas dipercepat pada suhu yang dinaikkan pada mikrokapsul dan minyak tokotrienol. Hasil evaluasi menunjukkan bahwa mikrokapsul yang dihasilkan berbentuk serbuk berwarna putih kekuningan dengan morfologi tak beraturan, berukuran 1-60 μm, dengan efisiensi penjerapan 21,60-99,75%. Hasil uji stabilitas pada suhu kamar selama 12 minggu penyimpanan menunjukkan bahwa kadar tokotrienol tersisa dalam mikrokapsul adalah 96,46–97,74%. Pada uji stabilitas dipercepat didapat nilai k25 untuk mikrokapsul kedelapan formula berkisar dari 102x10-7 hingga 132x10-7 jam-1. Nilai t90 tokotrienol dalam mikrokapsul F1-F8 diperoleh dalam kisaran 11,01-14,27 bulan. Dari hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa mikroenkapsulasi menggunakan penyalut etilselulosa melalui metode penguapan pelarut dan semprot kering dapat mengubah tokotrienol cair menjadi serbuk dan dapat meningkatkan kestabilannya. ......Tocotrienol as one of vitamin E compounds is an oily natural compound which has greater antioxidant activity than tocopherol. However, tocotrienol is unstable which may limit its handling and storage in product. In this study, tocotrienol oil is converted into powder through microencapsulation to enhance its stability by solvent evaporation and spray dry methods using ethyl cellulose as coating material. Microcapsules were characterized in terms of shape and morphology, size, entrapment efficiency, percentage yield, flow properties, water content, swelling index, and drug release studies. Moreover, stability test at room temperature and accelerated stability with elevated temperature were studied on microcapsules and tocotrienol oil. The evaluation results showed that microcapsules were white yellowish powder form with irregular morphology, size 1-60 μm, with entrapment efficiency were 21.60-99.75%. After 12 weeks storage at room temperature, the remaining level of tocotrienol in microcapsules was 96.46 to 97.74%. The accelerated stability test found that k25 values within the range from 102x10-7 to 132x10-7 hour-1. The predicted shelf life (t90) of the tocotrienol in microcapsules F1-F8 was found between 11.01 and 14.27 months. The results of this study revealed that tocotrienol could be converted into powder through microencapsulation using ethyl cellulose coating by solvent evaporation and spray dry methods and might enhance the stability of tocotrienol.

Abstrak :
This textbook describes a variety of dosage forms and their clinical importance and use. The use and behaviour of dosage forms in different age groups and patient groups will also be considered along with recent developments such as personalised therapies and genomics. It contains relevant examples and clinical case studies.

Abstrak :
Cyclodextrins in Pharmaceutics, Cosmetics, and Biomedicine covers a wide range of knowledge on cyclodextrins, from an overview of molecular and supramolecular aspects of cyclodextrin physicochemistry, to the latest outcomes in cyclodextrin use and future possibilities in the employment of these systems. This book focuses on the derivatives and physicochemical and biological properties of cyclodextrins, and considers drug delivery through topical, mucosal, and oral via cyclodextrin complexes. This book consists of two main sections. Part I focuses on the general physicochemical properties of cyclodextrins, such as complexation, as well as drug solubilization and stabilization, which made them come into use in the first place, followed by specific chapters dedicated to various routes of administration, such as oral, mucosal, and skin. Part II consists of novel and specialized applications of cyclodextrins based on the diversity of modified cyclodex- trins. A major group of novel cyclodextrin derivatives are amphiphilic cyclodextrins with different surface charges.

Abstrak :
Focused manuscript on the potential use/role of miRNAs in bioprocessing, specifically the production of complex proteins in mammalian cells. With that in mind I propose a draft list of topics/chapters along the following lines, intro on CHO/bioprocessing/engineering challenges to set scene, genomic organization, biogenesis and mode of action, Identifying miRNA targets, computational prediction, transcriptomics, proteomices, UTR analysis, etc., miRNA expression in Chinese hamster ovary cells, miRNAs as engineering targets: pathway manipulation to impact bioprocess phenotypes, miRNAs as biomarkers, detection methods : northern, PCR, hybridization arrays, next gen seq, manipulation of expression in cultured cells : transient/stable disregulation, knockout.

Abstrak :
Summary: A range of new and innovative tools used for preformulation and formulation of medicines help optimize pharmaceutical development projects. Such tools also assist with the performance evaluation of the pharmaceutical process, allowing any potential gaps to be identified. This book considers these key research and industrial tools.

Abstrak :
Tablet terdisintegrasi cepat merupakan salah satu teknologi farmasi yang sedang berkembang saat ini. Tablet terdisintegrasi atau FDT (fast disintegrating tablet) merupakan tablet yang ketika diletakkan pada lidah akan terdisintegrasi secara instan serta melepaskan obat dengan bantuan saliva. Teknologi ini dapat memecahkan permasalahan pemberian obat secara oral pada pasien-pasien seperti pediatri, geriatri ataupun pada keadaan dimana pasiennya tidak dapat menelan tablet secara konvensional dengan bantuan air. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengoptimasi kecepatan disintegrasi dan rasa pada tablet terdisintegrasi dengan memvariasikan konsentrasi sodium starch glycolate dan manitol. Optimasi kecepatan disintegrasi menggunakan sodium starch glycolate dengan konsentrasi 8%, 12% dan 16% dan kemudian diuji waktu disintegrasinya. Setelah diketahui kecepatan disintegrasi yang paling optimum maka dilakukan optimasi rasa dengan menggunakan manitol pada konsentrasi 32%, 36% dan 40%. Evaluasi tentang rasa dilakukan dengan menggunakan uji kesukaan (hedonitas) dan dianalisis dengan yang baik pada tablet terdisintegrasi cepat adalah 27±1 detik. Waktu disintegrasi paling baik tercapai pada tablet yang mengandung konsentrasi sodium starch glycolate sebesar 16%. Tidak ada perbedaan bermakna antara formulasi tablet yang mengandung konsentrasi manitol 32%, 36% dan 40% sehingga tidak dapat diketahui formulasi tablet yang disukai konsumen. ......Fast disintegrating tablet is one of advanced pharmaceutical technologies. Fast disintegrating tablets is a tablet when placed on the tongue will be instantly disintegrated and releases the drug with the help of saliva. This technology can solve the problem of using oral drug in patients such as pediatrics, geriatrics or in circumstances where the patient can not swallow tablets conventionally with the help of water. The purpose of this study was to optimize the speed of disintegration and to optimize taste in fast disintegrating tablet formulations both with varying concentrations of sodium starch glycolate and mannitol. Optimization the speed of disintegration was done by using sodium starch glycolate with concentration of 8%, 12% and 16% and then disintegration time was tested. After the optimum speed decided, the next step was optimizing the taste using various manitol concentration of 32%, 36% and 40% and evaluation of the taste was conducted by using hedonity test and analyzed with SPSS program. Disintegration of good fast disintegrating tablet was 27 ± 1 second. The best disintegration time was achieved in tablet using sodium starch glycolate of 16%. No significant taste differences among tablet formulations that contain manitol concentrations of 32%, 36% and 40%, thus it can’t be decided which one of tablet formulation was preffered by customers.

Abstrak :
The book addresses the basics, applications, and manufacturing of plasmid biopharmaceuticals. The survey of the most relevant characteristics of plasmids provides the basics for designing plasmid products (applications) and processes (manufacturing). Key features that the authors include in the book are: i) consistency and clear line of direction, ii) an extensive use of cross-referencing between the individual chapters, iii) a rational integration of chapters, iv) appellative figures, tables and schemes, and v) an updated, but selected choice of references, with a focus on key papers.

Abstrak :
This book gives an overview of commonly-used disposables in the manufacture of biopharmaceuticals, their working principles, characteristics, engineering aspects, economics, and applications. With this information, readers will be able to come to an easier decision for or against disposable alternatives and to choose the appropriate system. The book is divided into two parts. The first is related to basic knowledge about disposable equipment; and the second discusses applications through case studies that illustrate manufacturing, quality assurance, and environmental influence.