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Abstrak :
[Sertifikasi guru adalah program penting dalam meningkatkan kualitas pendidikan nasional. Implementasi adalah kunci sukses sebuah program. Kegagalan dalam melaksanakan program berarti kegagalan dalam mencapai tujuan dari program tersebut.Fokus penelitian ini adalah untuk Menganalisis Pelaksanaan Kebijakan Sertifikasi Guru Sekolah Dasar Negeri Di Kecamatan Sekampung Udik Kabupaten Lampung Timur Tahun 2014 dengan menggunakan faktor-faktor interaktif yang digagas oleh Merille S. Grindle yaitu isi kebijakan dan lingkungan kebijakan. Keberperanan faktor-faktor tersebut sangat bermakna bagi implementasi kebijakan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan post positivis melalui metode kualitatif dengan model studi kasus. Subyek penelitiannya adalah pegawai Dinas Pendidikan Dan Kebudayaan Provinsi Lampung dan Dinas Pendidikan Pemuda Dan Olahraga Kabupaten Lampung Timur, Pegawai LPMP Provinsi Lampung, LPTK penyelenggara rayon 107 Universitas Lampung, pengawas sekolah, kepala sekolah, Unit Pelaksana Dinas Kecamatan Sekampung Udik, dan juga guru sekolah dasar negeri di Kecamatan Sekampung Udik. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah wawancara dan studi dokumentasi. Hasil peneltian ini menunjukkan bahwa implementasi kebijakan sertifikasi guru sekolah dasar negeri di Kecamatan Sekampung Udik Kabupaten Lampung Timur Tahun 2014 telah memenuhi sembilan indikator dari unsur implementasi kebijakan publik model Merille S Grindle walaupun belum sempurna. Variabel lingkungan implementasi (cntext of implementation) merupakan unsur yang paling lemah dalam pelaksanaan kebijakan sertifikasi guru. Peningkatan koordinasi merupakan solusi alternatif untuk permasalah pelaksanaan kebijakan sertifikasi guru di Kecamatan Sekampung Udik. ......Teachers certification is an important program to improve the quality of national education. The implementation of the program is the key to success. Failure to implement the program means failure to achieve the goal.The focus of this research is to analyze the implementation of teachers certification policy at public elementary school in Sekampungudiksubdistrict, East Lampung regency in 2014 using interactive factors initiated by MerilleS. Grindle which are policy content and policy environment. The influences of those factors are very meaningful for policy implementation. This research using post positivis approach by qualitative method with case study model. Research object are employees of Education And Culture Department Lampung Province, Youth Education And Sport Department East Lampung Regency, LPMP East Lampung's Employees, LPTK Administrator Area 107 Lampung University, school superintendent, head master, service, UPDT Sekampung Udik Sub District, and elementary school?s teachers in Sekampung Udik Subdistrict. Data collection method in this research are interview and documentation study. Research result show that implementation of teacher certification policy in Sekampung Udik sub district, East Lampung regency in 2014 has been for qualified nine indicator from public policy's Implementation element Merille'S Grindle's model although it is not perfect yet. Environmental implementation variable (context of implementation) is the weaknest element in teacher?s policy implementation. Strengthen the coordination is an alternative solution for teachers certification policy?s problem in Sekampung Udik sub district. Teachers certification is an important program to improve the quality of national education. The implementation of the program is the key to success. Failure to implement the program means failure to achieve the goal.The focus of this research is to analyze the implementation of teachers certification policy at public elementary school in Sekampung udik subdistrict, East Lampung regency in 2014 using interactive factors initiated by MerilleS. Grindle which are policy content and policy environment. The influences of those factors are very meaningful for policy implementation. This research using post positivis approach by qualitative method with case study model. Research object are employees of Education And Culture Department Lampung Province, Youth Education And Sport Department East Lampung Regency, LPMP East Lampung’s Employees, LPTK Administrator Area 107 Lampung University, school superintendent, head master, service, UPDT Sekampung Udik Sub District, and elementary school’s teachers in Sekampung Udik Subdistrict. Data collection method in this research are interview and documentation study. Research result show that implementation of teacher certification policy in Sekampung Udik sub district, East Lampung regency in 2014 has been for qualified nine indicator from public policy’s Implementation element Merille S Grindle’smodel although it is not perfect yet. Environmental implementation variable (context of implementation) is the weaknest element in teacher’s policy implementation. Strengthen the coordination is an alternative solution for teachers certification policy’s problem in Sekampung Udik sub district. Teachers certification is an important program to improve the quality of national education. The implementation of the program is the key to success. Failure to implement the program means failure to achieve the goal.The focus of this research is to analyze the implementation of teachers certification policy at public elementary school in Sekampungudiksubdistrict, East Lampung regency in 2014 using interactive factors initiated by MerilleS. Grindle which are policy content and policy environment. The influences of those factors are very meaningful for policy implementation. This research using post positivis approach by qualitative method with case study model. Research object are employees of Education And Culture Department Lampung Province, Youth Education And Sport Department East Lampung Regency, LPMP East Lampung’s Employees, LPTK Administrator Area 107 Lampung University, school superintendent, head master, service, UPDT Sekampung Udik Sub District, and elementary school’s teachers in Sekampung Udik Subdistrict. Data collection method in this research are interview and documentation study. Research result show that implementation of teacher certification policy in Sekampung Udik sub district, East Lampung regency in 2014 has been for qualified nine indicator from public policy’s Implementation element Merille S Grindle’smodel although it is not perfect yet. Environmental implementation variable (context of implementation) is the weaknest element in teacher’s policy implementation. Strengthen the coordination is an alternative solution for teachers certification policy’s problem in Sekampung Udik sub district., Teachers certification is an important program to improve the quality of national education. The implementation of the program is the key to success. Failure to implement the program means failure to achieve the goal.The focus of this research is to analyze the implementation of teachers certification policy at public elementary school in Sekampungudiksubdistrict, East Lampung regency in 2014 using interactive factors initiated by MerilleS. Grindle which are policy content and policy environment. The influences of those factors are very meaningful for policy implementation This research using post positivis approach by qualitative method with case study model. Research object are employees of Education And Culture Department Lampung Province, Youth Education And Sport Department East Lampung Regency, LPMP East Lampung’s Employees, LPTK Administrator Area 107 Lampung University, school superintendent, head master, service, UPDT Sekampung Udik Sub District, and elementary school’s teachers in Sekampung Udik Subdistrict. Data collection method in this research are interview and documentation study. Research result show that implementation of teacher certification policy in Sekampung Udik sub district, East Lampung regency in 2014 has been for qualified nine indicator from public policy’s Implementation element Merille S Grindle’smodel although it is not perfect yet. Environmental implementation variable (context of implementation) is the weaknest element in teacher’s policy implementation. Strengthen the coordination is an alternative solution for teachers certification policy’s problem in Sekampung Udik sub district.]

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Tesis ini memapaparkan mengenai kebijakan sertifikasi guru yang di terbitkan di Indonesia setelah dikeluarkannya UU Guru dan Dosen No 14 tahun 2005. Dalam menggali data, penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan menambahkan studi kasus di 2 dua sekolah SMA Negeri 2 Bogor dan SMA Bosowa Bina Insani Bogor untuk melihat implementasi kebijakan sertifikasi guru. Level analisis yang dibahas ada 3 tiga yaitu tingkat mikro pada proses perumusan UU guru dan dosen serta perumusan dan pengesahan kebijakan sertifikasi guru di level pemerintah, di level meso berusaha melihat bagaimana institusi pemerintah daerah dan sekolah menjalankan kebijakan sertifikasi guru. Serta pada level mikro dengan melihat dampak dan pengalaman yang diterima oleh guru terhadap kebijakan sertifikasi guru ini di dua sekolah yang menjadi studi kasus. Dengan memanfaatkan kerangka historical institutionalism berusaha menjelaskan bagaimana perumusan kebijakan UU guru dan dosen merupakan path dependence terhadap pilihan institusi Kemdikbud untuk melakukan perubahan terhadap sistem pendidikan, khususnya kepada profesionalitas guru. Kemudian keterkaitan aktor-aktor dalam menentukan sejarah yang dikenal dengan antecedent condition critical juncture yang kemudian berdampak pada bagaimana aturan-aturan pendukung tersebut ditegakkan dalam tingkat interaksi antara sekolah dan guru sebagai bentuk reproduction mechanism. Kata kunci:Sertifikasi guru, kebijakan, institusi, historical institutionalism, path dependence, critical juncture, reproduction mechanism

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ABSTRACT
This thesis describes the teacher certification policy published in Indonesia after the issuance of the Law on Teachers and Lecturers No. 14 of 2005. In digging the data, this research uses qualitative method by adding case study in 2 two schools there are SMA Negeri 2 Bogor dan SMA Bosowa Bina Insani Bogor to see the implementation of teacher certification policy. Level of analysis discussed there are 3 three that is micro level in formulation process of teacher and lecturer law and formulation and validation of teacher certification policy at government level, at meso level try to see how local government institution and school run teacher certification policy. As well as at the micro level by looking at the impact and experience received by teachers on this teacher certification policy in the two schools that became the case study. By utilizing the framework of historical institutionalism trying to explain how the policy formulation of teachers and lecturers is the path dependence of Kemdikbud institution choice to make changes to the education system, especially to guu. Then the linkage of actors in determining the history known as antecedent condition critical juncture which then impact on how the supporting rules are enforced in the level of interaction between school and teacher as a form of reproduction mechanism. Keywords Teacher certification, policy, institution, historical institutionalism, path dependence, critical juncture, reproduction mechanism

Abstrak :
Sesuai amanat Undang-Undang No. 14 Tahun 2005 tentang Guru dan Dosen, guru dalam jabatan wajib mengikuti program sertifikasi. Pola sertifikasi mengharuskan guru mengikuti penilaian portofolio untuk memperoleh sertifikat pendidik. Apabila tidak lulus, guru harus mengikuti PLPG (pendidikan dan latihan profesi guru). Anggaran portofolio dan PLPG dibebankan kepada negara. Mekanisme penganggaran dilakukan dengan mengikuti pola sertifikasi. Pada awal tahun anggaran biaya portofolio dialokasikan sebesar kuota peserta sertifikasi guru per provinsi. Sedangkan biaya PLPG dialokasikan berdasarkan estimasi jumlah peserta yang tidak lulus portofolio. Masalah muncul saat realisasi peserta yang tidak lulus portofolio atau harus mengikuti PLPG, lebih tinggi daripada perkiraan, sehingga terjadi kekurangan biaya PLPG secara nasional. Revisi anggaran dilakukan untuk menambah kekurangan biaya dengan merealokasi DIPA (daftar isian pelaksanaan anggaran) di lingkungan Kementerian Pendidikan Nasional. Rentang batas pagu revisi yang terlalu besar dan tiadanya standar biaya PLPG, membuat anggaran ini tidak efisien. Untuk inilah penelitian dilakukan dengan tujuan : mengevaluasi alokasi dan realisasi anggaran biaya PLPG 2009; mendapatkan revaluasi jumlah peserta dan total biaya PLPG per provinsi; dan merumuskan kebijakan anggaran penyelenggaraan sertifikasi guru berdasarkan hasil evaluasi. Untuk mewujudkan tujuan tersebut, dibuatlah model penelitian dengan integer programming. Fungsi tujuan adalah minimisasi koefiesien variasi (CV) biaya PLPG setiap provinsi. Fungsi kendala terdiri dari total biaya maksimum tersedia, kuota peserta sertifikasi secara nasional, dan jumlah peserta minimal setiap provinsi. Variabel keputusannya adalah penyimpangan baku relatif biaya PLPG yang merevaluasi jumlah peserta dari 30 provinsi. Model integer programming dapat meminimumkan rata-rata CV nasional yang merevaluasi jumlah peserta secara nasional. Dengan demikian total realisasi biaya PLPG secara nasional dapat dihemat.

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As stipulated by the Act. 14 Year 2005 on Teachers and Lecturers, in-service teacher should attend certification program. Certification requires teachers to follow the pattern of portfolio assessment to obtain a certificate of an educator. If not passed, the teacher must follow PLPG (pendidikan dan latihan profesi guru). Portfolio and PLPG budgets are provided by the state. Budgeting mechanism is done by following the pattern of certification. In the early years of the portfolio budget is allocated based on quotas for teacher certification participants per province. While the cost of PLPG is allocated based on estimated number of participants who did not pass the portfolio. Problems arise when the realization of the participants who did not pass the portfolio or have to follow PLPG, is higher than originally estimated, resulting in a lack of funds PLPG nationally. Revised budget to finance the shortfall in costs is done by reallocating DIPA (daftar isian pelaksanaan anggaran) in the Ministry of National Education. Revised ceiling limit are too high and the absence of standards PLPG costs, makes this budget inefficient. Therefore the objective of research are : to evaluate the allocation and budget realization of PLPG 2009; obtain revalued number of participants and the total cost of PLPG per province; and for formulation policies based on the evaluation of teacher certification. To realize these objectives, the research used integer programming. The objective function is to minimize coefficient of variation (CV) of PLPG cost of each province. While the constraint consist of a maximum available fund, a nationally certified participant quota, and the minimum number of participants in each province. The decision variable is the relative standard deviation of PLPG cost which revalue number of participants from 30 provinces. Integer programming model can minimize the national average of CV which revalue number of participants nationally. So the total actual costs can be saved nationally.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Tesis ini membahas implementasi kebijakan sertifikasi guru pada SMA Negeri di Kecamatan Indramayu Kabupaten Indramayu dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya yaitu Komunikasi, Sumber daya, Sikap para pelaksana, Stuktur Birokrasi organisasi pelaksana, dan Lingkungan sosial ekonomi. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan desain deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menyarankan bahwa pihak-pihak yang terkait dalam implementasi kebijakan perlu lebih peduli pada kelengkapan dan kejelasan dari isi kebijakan sertifikasi guru; guru perlu memahami maksud dan tujuan sertifikasi sebagai upaya reformasi pendidikan dengan menjadikan guru sebagai suatu jabatan profesi; perlunya perencanaan yang matang, koordinasi dan kinerja yang baik dari para pelaksana yang menangani penyelenggaraan sertifikasi guru.

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Abstract
The research explained the implementation of certification policy and factors that influences of it such as Communication, Resource, Attitude or Disposition, Structure Organization, and Social Economic. The result of the research suggest that the stakeholders in implementing the policy should be more focus on clearity of the policy. The teacher need to understand the purpose of teacher certification as educational reform; accurate planning, coordinating, and good performance need to be set in implementing the policy of teacher certification.

Abstrak :
Skripsi ini membahas mengenai implementasi sertifikasi guru sekolah dasar negeri di Kecamatan Palmerah, Jakarta Barat. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori analisis implementasi kebijakan dari George Edward III dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menyebutkan bahwa implementasi kebijakan sertifikasi guru telah berjalan dengan baik, namun masih ditemukan hambatanhambatan yaitu : kurangnya dana operasional, pola perekrutan staf diserahkan kepada pimpinan seksi masing-masing sehingga dapat terjadi nepotisme, kompetensi staf honorer yang kurang baik, lokasi yang kurang strategis dan tidak adanya pengawas independen dalam pelaksanaan sertifikasi guru. Dengan melihat hasil yang didapat, maka saran untuk pelaksana kebijakan sertifikasi guru adalah dengan meningkatkan dana operasional, merubah pola perekrutan staf menjadi berdasarkan pada latar belakang pendidikan, memberikan pelatihan untuk meningkatkan kompetensi, memilih lokasi yang strategis dan dibentuknya pengawas independen dalam penlaksanaan sertifikasi guru. ......The focus of this study is about the implementation of teacher's certification in state elementary school on Palmerah Area, West Jakarta. This research using theory of implementing public policy from George Edward III and quantitative approach. The result of this research is the implementation of teachers certification is working well, although there are some obstacles such as insufficient operational fund, recruitment system based on leader of dvision, competence of temporary staff, unstrategic location and there is no legitimate supervisor in implementation of teacher?s certification. There are some recomendation for the obstacles like increasing the operational fund, change the recruitment system based on education, increasing the competence of temporary staff by training programs, find more strategic locations and build legitimate supervisor of the implementation teachers certification.