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Abstrak :
Tesis ini membahas mengenai sifat-sifat matriks yang terdapat pada suatu matriks Sudoku. Matriks Sudoku merupakan matriks yang memenuhi aturan yang berlaku pada permainan Sudoku. Jika diberikan suatu matriks Sudoku tertentu, maka dengan menggunakan operasi elementer, transpos, dan operasi rotasi 90° searah jarum jam, dapat dibentuk matriks-matriks Sudoku yang lain. Sedangkan sifat-sifat yang dikaji adalah sifat-sifat umum yang terdapat pada suatu matriks seperti, determinan, transpos, nilai eigen, simetri atau tidak simetri, normal atau non normal. ......This thesis discussed about properties of Sudoku matrix. Sudoku matrix is a matrix which is verified by a rule of Sudoku game. If a Sudoku matrix is given, then the other Sudoku matrices can be obtained by using an elementary operation, transpose, and rotation 90°. This thesis also explored about properties of matrix such as, determinant, transpose, eigenvalues, symmetric or nonsymmetric, normal or nonnormal.

Abstrak :
Permainan Sudoku merupakan permainan yang populer saat ini. Permainan Sudoku merupakan suatu permainan penempatan angka-angka 1 hingga 9 pada matriks berukuran dengan syarat di tiap baris, tiap kolom, dan di setiap submatriks hanya berisi angka 1 hingga 9 tepat satu kali (Taalman, 2007).Dalam skripsi ini dibuat permainan Sudoku dengan lima tingkat kesulitan yang dibuat dari satu matriks Sudoku dengan menggunakan algoritma digging holes. Permainan Sudoku yang dibuat diharapkan jika dikerjakan akan menghasilkan matriks Sudoku yang unik. Untuk mengecek keunikan digunakan program Sudoku solver. Untuk membuat variasi dari permainan Sudoku yang telah dibuat dilakukan proses penambahan variasi. ......Sudoku game is a popular game nowadays. Sudoku is a game that put numbers start from 1 until 9 into a matrix with rules in every line, in every column,and in every sub matrix only has number 1 until 9 once. In this small thesis,Sudoku game with 5 difficulty levels will be made from a Sudoku matrix by using digging holes algorithm. Sudoku games, when it is solved, supposed to only have a unique Sudoku matrix. A Sudoku solver program is being used to check Sudoku uniqueness. For Sudoku games variation, there is a proses named propagating.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
LATAR BELAKANG. Memori kerja merupakan ranah kognisi yang bertanggungjawab terhadap sebagian besar masalah kognisi yang dialami seorang usia lanjut.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui manfaat mengisi Sudoku terhadap fungsi memori kerja dan fungsi kognisi global usia lanjut. METODE. Desain studi adalah uji klinis tidak tersamar. Subjek merupakan warga Panti Sosial TresnaWerda I dan III DKI Jakarta yang diambil secara konsekutif kemudian dibagi acak menjadi dua kelompok, perlakuan dan kontrol. Kelompok perlakuan melakukan latihan Sudoku 3x/minggu selama 12 minggu. Memori kerja dinilai dengan Trail Making Test part B (TMT-B), fungsi kognisi global dinilai dengan Montreal Cognitive Assesment versi bahasa Indonesia (MoCA-Ina). HASIL. Terdapat 24 subjek pada kelompok perlakuan dan 27 subjek pada kelompok kontrol. Terdapat 13 subjek yang memberikan kesan positif terhadap latihan Sudoku. Penurunan waktu penyelesaian TMT-B sebesar 11,1 detik pada kelompok perlakuan dan 18,8 detik pada kelompok kontrol, meskipun tidak didapatkan perbedaan bermakna antar kedua kelompok (p = 0,816). Terdapat 8 subjek (33,3%) dari kelompok perlakuan dan 11 subjek (40,7%) dari kelompok kontrol yang mengalami peningkatan nilaiMoCA-Ina (p = 0,530). KESIMPULAN. Sudoku belum terbukti dapat meningkatkan fungsi memori kerja dan fungsi kognisi global pada usia lanjut sehat, namun peningkatan fungsi memori kerja yang terlihat pada kedua kelompok menandakan adanya plastisitas neural pada usia lanjut yang bermanfaat untuk pemeliharaan fungsi kognitif.

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ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND. Working memory deficit is responsible for most of the cognitive problem experienced by older adults.The aim of the present study was to determine whether Sudoku training might improves these deficits and if so, whether such changes might be transferred to other cognitive domains. METHODS. This was non-blinding randomized controlled trial. Subjects were consecutively taken from Panti Sosial TresnaWerda I dan III DKI Jakarta after series of screening. All subjects were assessed with Indonesian version of Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-Ina) for cognitive function and Trail Making Test part B (TMT-B) for working memory. The experimental group was given 12 weeks of cognitive alternate-day training based on Sudoku exercises. RESULTS. There are 24 subjects in experimental group and 27 subjects in control group. Nine subjects from each group showed improvement in the TMT-B completion time, although this difference were not statistically significant (experimental group 11.1s Vs control group 18.8s; p = 0.816). There were 8 subjects (33.3 %) on experimental group and 11 subjects (40.7 %) on control group had increment in MoCA-Ina scores (p = 0.530). Thirteen subjects reported improvements in memory, attention and concentration span. CONCLUSIONS. The use of Sudoku as one of the cognitive training tools on elderly still need further study and discussion regarding limitation of this present study. But the improvement of working memory function as seen in result provides potential brain plasticity for maintaining cognitive function in elderly. ;BACKGROUND. Working memory deficit is responsible for most of the cognitive problem experienced by older adults.The aim of the present study was to determine whether Sudoku training might improves these deficits and if so, whether such changes might be transferred to other cognitive domains. METHODS. This was non-blinding randomized controlled trial. Subjects were consecutively taken from Panti Sosial TresnaWerda I dan III DKI Jakarta after series of screening. All subjects were assessed with Indonesian version of Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-Ina) for cognitive function and Trail Making Test part B (TMT-B) for working memory. The experimental group was given 12 weeks of cognitive alternate-day training based on Sudoku exercises. RESULTS. There are 24 subjects in experimental group and 27 subjects in control group. Nine subjects from each group showed improvement in the TMT-B completion time, although this difference were not statistically significant (experimental group 11.1s Vs control group 18.8s; p = 0.816). There were 8 subjects (33.3 %) on experimental group and 11 subjects (40.7 %) on control group had increment in MoCA-Ina scores (p = 0.530). Thirteen subjects reported improvements in memory, attention and concentration span. CONCLUSIONS. The use of Sudoku as one of the cognitive training tools on elderly still need further study and discussion regarding limitation of this present study. But the improvement of working memory function as seen in result provides potential brain plasticity for maintaining cognitive function in elderly. ;BACKGROUND. Working memory deficit is responsible for most of the cognitive problem experienced by older adults.The aim of the present study was to determine whether Sudoku training might improves these deficits and if so, whether such changes might be transferred to other cognitive domains. METHODS. This was non-blinding randomized controlled trial. Subjects were consecutively taken from Panti Sosial TresnaWerda I dan III DKI Jakarta after series of screening. All subjects were assessed with Indonesian version of Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-Ina) for cognitive function and Trail Making Test part B (TMT-B) for working memory. The experimental group was given 12 weeks of cognitive alternate-day training based on Sudoku exercises. RESULTS. There are 24 subjects in experimental group and 27 subjects in control group. Nine subjects from each group showed improvement in the TMT-B completion time, although this difference were not statistically significant (experimental group 11.1s Vs control group 18.8s; p = 0.816). There were 8 subjects (33.3 %) on experimental group and 11 subjects (40.7 %) on control group had increment in MoCA-Ina scores (p = 0.530). Thirteen subjects reported improvements in memory, attention and concentration span. CONCLUSIONS. The use of Sudoku as one of the cognitive training tools on elderly still need further study and discussion regarding limitation of this present study. But the improvement of working memory function as seen in result provides potential brain plasticity for maintaining cognitive function in elderly. ;BACKGROUND. Working memory deficit is responsible for most of the cognitive problem experienced by older adults.The aim of the present study was to determine whether Sudoku training might improves these deficits and if so, whether such changes might be transferred to other cognitive domains. METHODS. This was non-blinding randomized controlled trial. Subjects were consecutively taken from Panti Sosial TresnaWerda I dan III DKI Jakarta after series of screening. All subjects were assessed with Indonesian version of Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-Ina) for cognitive function and Trail Making Test part B (TMT-B) for working memory. The experimental group was given 12 weeks of cognitive alternate-day training based on Sudoku exercises. RESULTS. There are 24 subjects in experimental group and 27 subjects in control group. Nine subjects from each group showed improvement in the TMT-B completion time, although this difference were not statistically significant (experimental group 11.1s Vs control group 18.8s; p = 0.816). There were 8 subjects (33.3 %) on experimental group and 11 subjects (40.7 %) on control group had increment in MoCA-Ina scores (p = 0.530). Thirteen subjects reported improvements in memory, attention and concentration span. CONCLUSIONS. The use of Sudoku as one of the cognitive training tools on elderly still need further study and discussion regarding limitation of this present study. But the improvement of working memory function as seen in result provides potential brain plasticity for maintaining cognitive function in elderly.