Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

Abstrak :
Latar belakang: Perawakan pendek pada usia prasekolah dipengaruhi oleh faktor sosiodemografi, sanitasi dan lingkungan serta environmental enteric dysfunction (EED). Etiologi perawakan pendek sebagian besar adalah varian normal, sedangkan varian patologis hanya 1,3-13,9%. Tujuan: Mengetahui hubungan faktor sosiodemografi dan environmental enteric dysfunction (EED) terhadap terjadinya perawakan pendek usia prasekolah. Metode: Penelitian ini berbasis komunitas dengan disain potong lintang pada 70 balita riwayat perawakan pendek studi retrospective cohort yang saat ini usia 4 tahun 10 bulan - 5 tahun 9 bulan di 5 kelurahan wilayah DKI Jakarta. Subjek didapat secara total sampling. Dilakukan anamnesis, pemeriksaan fisis, antropometrik subjek dan orang tua, usia tulang, dan pemeriksaan tinja (parasit, calprotectin dan alfa1 antitripsin) sebagai biomarker EED, sebagai penanda adanya gut integrity. Etiologi perawakan pendek diperoleh dengan pendekatan algoritma diagnosis perawakan pendek. Hasil: Proporsi perawakan pendek pada anak usia prasekolah dengan riwayat perawakan pendek sebesar 44,3%, (pendek 40,0% dan sangat pendek 4,3%) dan didapatkan lelaki lebih banyak. Faktor risiko yang paling berpengaruh terhadap terjadinya perawakan pendek adalah pendidikan ibu yang rendah. EED positif pada 41,9% dan parasit positif pada 57,1% subjek perawakan pendek serta jenis parasit yang ditemukan adalah Blastocystis hominis. Berdasarkan algoritma diagnosis perawakan pendek didapatkan perawakan pendek terbanyak adalah varian normal 93,6% (perawakan pendek konstitusional 83,9% dan familial 9,7%) dan patologis (malnutrisi dan /infeksi kronis, atau stunting) hanya 6,4%. Simpulan: Faktor sosiodemografi yang paling berhubungan adalah pendidikan ibu sedangkan EED tidak memengaruhi terjadinya perawakan pendek. Proporsi perawakan pendek usia prasekolah sebesar 44,3% dan terbanyak adalah varian normal Background: Short stature at preschool age is influenced by sociodemographic factors, sanitation, the surrounding environment and environmental enteric dysfunction (EED). Etiology of short stature is mostly a normal variant, while pathological variants are only 1.3 to 13.9%. Objective: To determine the influence of sociodemographic factors and environmental enteric dysfunction (EED) on short stature in preschool children and etiological factors of short stature in children. Methods: A cross-sectional study base on community at 5 urban areas in DKI Jakarta Indonesia, from January 2018 to June 2019. Seventy preschool children of short stature retrospective cohort studies, ranging 4 years 10 months to 5 years 9 months presenting with short stature were studied. Subjects were obtained by total sampling. Data collected from anthropometric measurements of subject and parents, bone age and stool examination are performed; parasites, calprotectin and alpha1 antitrypsin as biomarkers of EED or gut integrity. The etiology of short stature is obtained by the algorithm approach to short stature diagnosis. Results: The proportion of short stature in preschool children with a history of short stature was 44.3%, (short stature at 40.0% and very short stature at 4.3%) and were found in more boys. The most influential risk factor for the occurrence of short stature is due to low education mother. EED positive was 41.9%, positive parasites was 57.1%, and the type of parasite found was Blastocystis hominis, respectively. Based on the algorithm of short stature diagnosis, the most short stature found in normal variants was 93.6% which is constitutional delay of growth (83.9%), familial (9.7%) and pathological (stunting) 6.4%, respectively. Conclusion: The most influential sociodemographic factor is low education of mother, while EED does not significant to occurrence of short stature. The proportion of short stature preschool children were 44.3% and most in the normal variant.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Indonesia tergolong dalam negara sabuk thalassemia yang memiliki prevalensi thalassemia yang tinggi. Thalassemia β mayor dan β-HbE merupakan dua jenis thalassemia yang paling banyak ditemukan di Indonesia. Studi-studi sebelumnya menemukan bahwa thalassemia menyebabkan gangguan pertumbuhan, di antaranya berupa perawakan pendek dan abnormalitas proporsi tubuh. Belum ada penelitian di Indonesia yang mencari perbedaan kejadian perawakan pendek dan proporsi tubuh antara anak thalassemia β mayor, β-HbE, dan normal usia prepubertal. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan desain potong-lintang dengan menyertakan sampel berusia 5-12 tahun sebanyak 130 orang. Prevalensi perawakan pendek pada anak thalassemia β mayor ditemukan sebesar 34,0, pada anak thalassemia β-HbE sebesar 24,3, dan pada anak normal sebesar 9,4. Tidak terdapat perbedaan rasio segmen atas terhadap segmen bawah pada anak thalassemia β mayor, β-HbE, dan kontrol. Rerata rasio rentang lengan terhadap tinggi badan lebih pendek pada anak thalassemia β mayor dan β-HbE dibanding pada anak normal. Jenis kelasi, usia diagnosis, durasi sakit, frekuensi transfusi, rerata Hb pretransfusi dalam 6 bulan terakhir, dan rerata ferritin dalam 6 bulan terakhir tidak berbeda antara anak thalassemia yang pendek dan yang tidak pendek.

---

ABSTRACT
Indonesia belongs to thalassemia belt countries which has high prevalence of thalassemia. major and HbE thalassemia are the two most common types of thalassemia found in Indonesia. Previous studies have found that thalassemia causes growth disorders, including short stature and abnormalities of body proportions. There have been no studies in Indonesia that looked for differences in the incidence of short stature and body proportion between β major and β-HbE thalassemia and normal children in prepubertal age. This research was conducted as cross sectional study towards 130 children with age of 5 12. The prevalence of short stature was found to be 34.0 in major thalassemia, 24.3 in HbE thalassemia, and 9.4 in normal children. There was no difference in upper segment to lower segment ratio between major and HbE thalassemia and control. Arm range to stature ratio is shorter in β major and β-HbE thalassemia than control. Types of chelating agent, age of diagnosis, duration of sickness, frequency of transfusion, mean pretransfusion Hb in the last 6 months, and mean ferritin in the last 6 months did not differ between short and not short thalassemia children.

Abstrak :
Pendahuluan: Perawakan pendek merupakan masalah pertumbuhan yang banyak dijumpai di negara berkembang. Di Indonesia, prevalensi anak usia sekolah dasar dengan perawakan pendek mencapai 23,6% pada tahun 2018. Perawakan pendek pada anak dikaitkan dengan masalah psikososial yang diduga disebabkan oleh bullying, stigmatisasi, dan isolasi sosial yang dihadapi anak. Namun, penelitian sebelumnya yang berhubungan dengan topik ini telah menghasilkan hasil dan angka yang bervariasi tidak memadai. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan perawakan pendek dengan masalah psikososial pada anak usia sekolah dasar. Metode: Rancangan penelitian potong lintang digunakan pada anak usia sekolah dasar di SDN 01 Kampung Melayu. Penelitian dilakukan dengan membandingkan kelompok tinggi badan anak dengan masalah psikososial hasil skrining menggunakan kuesioner PSC-17, yang menilai tiga subskala masalah perilaku (internalisasi, eksternalisasi, dan perhatian). Hasil: Prevalensi anak perawakan pendek di SDN 01 Kampung Melayu mencapai 15,28%. Prevalensi anak dengan masalah psikososial adalah 18,12% dan prevalensi anak perawakan pendek dengan masalah psikososial adalah 22,73%. Hasil analisis perawakan pendek pada masalah psikososial pada anak menunjukkan hubungan yang tidak signifikan secara statistik, baik secara umum (p = 0,268), subskala internalisasi (p = 0,532), eksternalisasi (p = 0,400), perhatian (p = 0,414), dan skor total PSC-17 (p = 0,614). Kesimpulan: Tidak ada hubungan yang signifikan antara perawakan pendek dengan masalah psikososial pada anak usia sekolah dasar.
Introduction: Short stature is a common growth problem in developing countries. In Indonesia, the prevalence of primary school-age children with short stature reached 23.6% in 2018. Short stature in children is associated with psychosocial problems which are thought to be caused by bullying, stigmatization, and social isolation faced by children. However, previous studies dealing with this topic have yielded varying results and figures inadequate. Therefore, this study aims to determine the relationship between short stature and psychosocial problems in elementary school-aged children. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was used on elementary school-aged children at SDN 01 Kampung Melayu. The study was conducted by comparing the height group Children with psychosocial problems were screened using the PSC-17 questionnaire, which assessed three behavioral problem subscales (internalization, externalization, and attention). Results: The prevalence of short stature children in SDN 01 Kampung Melayu reached 15.28%. The prevalence of children with psychosocial problems was 18.12% and the prevalence of short stature children with psychosocial problems was 22.73%. The results of the analysis of short stature on psychosocial problems in children showed a statistically insignificant relationship, both in general (p = 0.268), internalization subscale (p = 0.532), externalization (p = 0.400), attention (p = 0.414), and score total PSC-17 (p = 0.614). Conclusion: There is no significant relationship between short stature and psychosocial problems in elementary school-aged children.

Abstrak :
Pendahuluan: Di Indonesia, diperkirakan 23,6% anak berusia 5-12 tahun berperawakan pendek, oleh karena itu perawakan pendek dijadikan sebagia salah satu prioritas kesehatan. Anak dengan perawakan pendek berkaitan pada tingkat kognitif yang rendah, sehingga akan berdampak pada kualitas hidup. Metode: Penelitian ini dilakukan secara studi potong lintang pada SDN 01 Kampung Melayu di wilayah Jakarta, Indonesia. Subjek adalah anak dengan perawakan pendek yang berusia 6-12 tahun. Data diambil dengan cara pengukuran tinggi badan menurut umur dengan menggunakan kurva Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-National Center for Health Statistics (CDC-NCHS) dan nilai total penilaian kognitif yang menggunakan instrumen Cognitive Test Battery for Individuals with and without Intellectual Disabilities (CIID). Penelitian ini dilakukan bertujuan untuk menilai kognitif pada anak Sekolah Dasar dengan perawakan pendek. Hasil: Pada penelitian ini terdapat sekitar 14,61% anak perawakan pendek di SDN 01 Kampung Melayu. Hasil tes CIID, Skor Total di dapatkan rentang 5-26, dengan rerata dan simpang baku 13,59±4,54. Skor Non Verbal di dapatkan rentang 7-39, dengan rerata dan simpang baku 21,94±7,51. Hopkins Verbal Learning Test di dapatkan rentang 6-31, dengan rerata dan simpang baku 19,36±5,90. Verbal Fluency di dapatkan rentang 5-26, dengan rerata dan simpang baku 13,59±4,54. Jika dibandingkan dengan penelitian sebelumnya, subjek dengan perawakan pendek memiliki nilai menyerupai anak dengan perawakan normal. Tidak ditemukan adanya perbedaan yang signifikan antara anak perawakan pendek dengan status gizi kurang dan anak perawakan pendek dengan status gizi normal, yaitu dengan p = 0,369. Kesimpulan: Pada penelitian ini terdapat 14,61% anak perawakan pendek dengan skor total rentang 5-26, dengan rerata dan simpang baku 13,59±4,54.

---

Introduction: In Indonesia, an estimated 23.6% of children aged 5-12 years are short stature, therefore short stature is made one of the health priorities. Children with short stature are associated with low cognitive levels, so that it will have an impact on quality of life. Method: This research was conducted in a cross-sectional study at SDN 01 Kampung Melayu in the Jakarta, Indonesia. Subjects are children with short stature aged 6-12 years. Data was taken by measuring height according to age according to the curve used by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-National Center for Health Statistics (CDC-NCHS) and total value from cognitive assessment using the Cognitive Test Battery for Individuals with and without Intellectual Disabilities (CIID) instrument. This research was conducted aiming to assess cognitive in elementary school children with short stature. Results: In this study there were about 14.61% of short stature children in SDN 01 Kampung Melayu. CIID test results, Total Score obtained in the range of 5-26, with a mean and standard intersection of 13.59 ± 4.54. Non Verbal Score was obtained in the range 7-39, with mean and standard deviations of 21.94 ± 7.51. Hopkins Verbal Learning Test obtained range 6-31, with mean and standard deviations of 19.36 ± 5.90. Verbal Fluency is obtained in the range of 5-26, with mean and standard intersections 13.59 ± 4.54. When compared with previous studies, subjects with short stature have values similar to those of children with normal stature. No significant difference was found between short stature children with underweight nutritional status and short stature children with normal nutritional status, with p=0.369. Conclusion: In this study there were 14.61% of short stature children with a total score ranging from 5-26, with a mean and standard crossing of 13.59 ± 4.54.