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"Solo dining, aktivitas makan sendirian di restoran masih sering diabaikan, terutama dalam konteks Indonesia. Salah satu aspek yang belum banyak dibahas adalah bagaimana value perception solo diners. Dalam memahami hal ini, perlu diketahui motivasi individu dalam melakukannya. Dengan menggunakan self-determination theory, terdapat dua motivasi yang mendorong individu untuk melakukan solo dining, yaitu self-determined solitude yang menghasilkan voluntary solo dining dan non-self- determined solitude yang menghasilkan involuntary solo dining. Kedua motivasi ini diekspektasikan dapat mempengaruhi 3 jenis value yang penting dalam dining, yaitu utility, hedonic, dan conspicuous dan juga dapat mempengaruhi happiness solo diners secara berbeda. Untuk menguji hipotesis tersebut, penelitian ini mengolah data dari 324 responden Gen Z dengan menggunakan metode PLS-SEM. Temuannya membuktikan bahwa self-determined solitude memiliki pengaruh positif terhadap utility value, hedonic value, conspicuous value, dan happiness. Ketiga jenis value tersebut juga ditemukan memiliki pengaruh positif terhadap happiness. Selain itu, utility value dan hedonic value juga ditemukan memediasi hubungan antara self-determined solitude yang dan happiness. Terakhir, non-self-determined solitude menghasilkan temuan yang tidak signifikan pada ketiga jenis value dan happiness.

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Solo dining, the activity of eating alone in a restaurant is still being overlooked, especially in Indonesia context. One aspect that has not been widely discussed is how solo diners perceive value. In understanding this, it is necessary to know the individual's motivation in performing it. Using self-determination theory, there are two motivations that drive individuals to do solo dining, namely self-determined solitude that results in voluntary solo dining and non-self-determined solitude that results in involuntary solo dining. These two motivations are expected to affect 3 types of values that are important for dining, namely utility, hedonic, and conspicuous and can also affect the happiness of solo diners differently. To test the hypothesis, this study processed data from 324 Gen Z respondents using the PLS-SEM method. The findings prove that self-determined solitude has a positive influence on utility value, hedonic value, conspicuous value, and happiness. The three types of value were also found to have a positive influence on happiness. Aside from that, both utility and hedonic value were also found to mediate the relationship between self-determined solitude and customer happiness. Lastly, non-self- determined solitude produced non-significant findings on all three types of value and happiness."