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Abstrak :
Skripsi ini membahas tentang dukungan sosial pada pelaksanaan pembebasan bersyarat terhadap klien pemasyarakatan. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan melihat bagaimana peran dukungan sosial formal dan informal selama pelaksanaan pembimbingan dalam upaya reintegrasi dan mencegah residivisme. Penelitian berfokus kepada peranan dukungan sosial dalam upaya menghasilkan reintegrasi sosial dan mencegah residivisme pada kasus narkotika dengan menggunakan social support theory, social bond theory dan theory of desistance. Ketiga teori tersebut digunakan untuk melihat peran dukungan sosial dalam upaya membangun ikatan sosial dan membantu desistance dari pengulangan kembali pelanggaran. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini ialah metode kualitatif dan dilakukan dengan teknik wawancara mendalam semi terstruktur dengan Klien Pemasyarakatan, PK Bapas Kelas IA Jakarta Pusat, Anggota Keluarga Klien, serta Masyarakat oleh staf YIIM. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa dukungan sosial hadir baik secara formal maupun informal. Namun, dukungan formal dari Bapas serta PK diketahui belum maksimal didapatkan klien. Hal ini disebabkan karena terdapat berbagai hambatan internal Bapas dalam upaya menghasilkan berbagai dukungan selama pembimbingan klien. Sebaliknya, dukungan informal melalui keluarga dan masyarakat oleh YIIM memperlihatkan memiliki sumber daya yang lebih berlimpah, sehingga dukungan berjalan dengan lebih baik dan maksimal. Penelitian ini juga memperlihatkan bahwa dukungan yang diberikan baik formal maupun informal memiliki peranan dalam membentuk ikatan sosial dan mempertahankan desistance untuk mencegah residivisme dan reintegrasi yang sukses ke masyarakat. ......This thesis discusses social support in the implementation of parole for correctional client. This research was conducted by looking at the role of formal and informal social support during the implementation of guidance in reintegration efforts and preventing recidivism. Research focuses on the role of social support in an effort to produce social reintegration and prevent recidivism in narcotics cases by using social support theory, social bond theory and theory of desistance. The three theories are used to see the role of social support in an effort to build social bond and helping desistance from reoffended. The method used in this study is a qualitative method and is carried out with semi-structured in-depth interviews with Client, Probation Officer, Family Members of Clients, and Society by YIIM (Yayasan Inspirasi Indonesia Membangun) Staf. The results showed that social support was present both formally and informally. However, formal support from correctional centre and probation officer shows has not been maximally obtained. This is because there are various internal obstacles to correctional centre in an effort to generate various supports during client mentoring. On the other hand, informal support through family and community by YIIM show that it has more abundant resources, so that support runs better and maximally. This study also shows that the support provided both formal and informal has a role in forming social bonds of clients and maintaining good desistance to prevent recidivism and sucsees reintegration into society.

Abstrak :
Dunia pekerjaan yang saat ini terus berubah menuntut individu yang berada dalam masa transisi karier memiliki sumber daya untuk beradaptasi dalam dunia pekerjaan, terlebih pada mahasiswa tingkat akhir. Meski telah banyak ditemukan berpengaruh positif terhadap adaptabilitas karier, masih terdapat inkonsistensi hubungan antara dukungan sosial terhadap adaptabilitas karier. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat peran ketiga dimensi identitas vokasional, sebagai faktor internal individu, dalam memediasi hubungan antara dukungan sosial dan adaptabilitas karier. Partisipan penelitian merupakan 466 mahasiswa tingkat akhir di perguruan tinggi mengisi kuesioner Career Adapt-Abilities Scale-Indonesian Form, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, dan Vocational Identity Status Assessment. Analisis mediasi dengan PROCESS menunjukkan dukungan sosial memiliki hubungan signifikan dengan adaptabilitas karier (b = 0,40, t(466) = 3,16, p < 0,01). Analisis mediasi menunjukkan bahwa dua dari tiga dimensi identitas vokasional memediasi secara sebagian hubungan antara dukungan sosial dan adaptabilitas karier pada mahasiswa tingkat akhir, yakni dimensi career exploration (b = 0,19, 95% CI = [0,13-0,26]) dan dimensi career commitment (b = 0,18, 95% CI = [0,13-0,25]). Di sisi lain, tidak ditemukan peran mediasi dari dimensi career reconsideration dari identitas vokasional. ......The everchanging world of work nowadays requires individuals who are in career transition period to have the resources to adapt, especially for final year students. Although many studies have found its positive role, there are still contradictory and inconsistent findings of the relationship between social support and career adaptability. This study was aimed to see the role of the three vocational identity dimensions, as individual internal factors, in mediating the relationship between social support and career adaptability. Participants in this study were 466 final year university students who filled questionnaires consisting of Career Adapt-Abilities Scale-Indonesian Form, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, dan Vocational Identity Status Assessment. Mediation analysis using PROCESS confirmed that social support had a positive and significant relationship with career adaptability (b = 0,40, t(466) = 3,16, p < 0,01). Mediation analysis revealed that two of the three dimensions of vocational identity played a mediating role in the relationship of social support and career adaptability, namely career exploration (b = 0,19, 95% CI = [0,13-0,26]) and career commitment (b = 0,18, 95% CI = [0,13-0,25]). However, mediating role of career reconsideration dimension were not proven in this study.

Abstrak :
Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kontribusi dukungan sosial teman sebaya, enjoyment, dan pride selama belajar di dalam kelas terhadap self-esteem peserta didik Sekolah Menengah Pertama. Partisipan penelitian ini adalah peserta didik SMPN Y Depok (n=334). Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian noneksperimental dengan model pendekatan kuantitatif. Instrumen yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah CASSS (Children and Adolescent Social Support Scale) untuk mengukur dukungan sosial teman sebaya, AEQ (Achievement Emotions Questionnaire) untuk mengukur enjoyment dan mengukur pride. Untuk mengukur self-esteem, peneliti menggunakan RSES (Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dukungan sosial teman sebaya, enjoyment, dan pride selama belajar di kelas secara bersama-sama berkontribusi terhadap self-esteem (R Square =0,15 p< 0,01). Diantara ketiga variabel tersebut, pride merupakan variabel yang memiliki kontribusi paling besar yaitu 12% terhadap self-esteem. Temuan penelitian ini memberikan implikasi bagi perancangan program intervensi untuk meningkatkan self-esteem melalui penanaman pride peserta didik. ...... The purpose of this study was to determine the contributions of peer social support, enjoyment, and pride during class to self-esteem of junior high school students. The participants of this study were students at SMPN Y Depok (n = 334). This research was non-experimental with a quantitative approach model. The instruments used in this study were CASSS (Children and Adolescent Social Support Scale) to measure peer social support, AEQ (Achievement Emotions Questionnaire) to measure enjoyment and pride during class, and RSES (Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale) to measure self-esteem. The results of this study indicate that peer social support, enjoyment, and pride during class have contributions to self-esteem (R Square =0,15 p<0,01). Pride has the biggest contribution of 12% to self-esteem. These results have an implication for the future study to enhance students' self-esteem through pride.

Abstrak :
Mahasiswa yang optimis akan mempersepsi banyaknya dukungan sosial yang hadir apabila dibutuhkan sehingga dapat mengurangi distres psikologis. Studi sebelumnya membuktikan bahwa dukungan sosial yang dipersepsikan memediasi pengaruh optimisme terhadap distres psikologis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat dukungan sosial yang dipersepsikan sebagai mediator dalam pengaruh optimisme terhadap distres psikologis. Partisipan berjumlah 416 mahasiswa di Indonesia yang mengikuti penelitian ini. Alat ukur yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari LOT-R (Life Oriented Test-Revised), Hopkins Symptom Checklist-25 (HSCL-25), Multidimensional Scale of Social Support (MSPSS). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara optimisme dan distres psikologis. Setelah analisis lebih lanjut ditemukan bahwa dukungan sosial yang dipersepsikan memediasi hubungan antara optimisme dan distres psikologis. ......College students would perceived greater social support which attend if needed so that can reduce psychological distress. The previous studies have shown that perceived social support meditates influence between optimism and psychological distress. This study aims to analyze perceived social support mediates the relationship between optimism and psychological distress. The participants of this study consist of 416 college students of Indonesia. The measuring instruments of this study are LOT-R (Life Oriented Test-Revised), Hopkins Symptom Checklist-25 (HSCL-25), and Multidimensional Scale of Social Support (MSPSS). The result of this study shows that there is a relationship between optimism and psychological distress. Through further analysis, this study found that perceived social support meditates the relationship between optimism and psychological distress.

Abstrak :
Semakin banyak individu yang meneruskan pendidikan ke perguruan tinggi dan tentunya memasuki perguruan tinggi memiliki tantangan akademis tersendiri. Tantangan tersebut dapat menjadi sumber distres psikologis yang berpotensi menghambat penyesuaian akademis mahasiswa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat peran perceived social support pada hubungan antara distres psikologis dan penyesuaian akademis. Partisipan dalam penelitian ini merupakan mahasiswa tahun pertama yang memiliki rentang usia 18-22 tahun (N = 414). Analisis moderasi dilakukan dengan menggunakan Hayes' PROCESS. The Kessler 10-item questionnaire (K10), The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), dan Student Adjustment to College Questionairre (SACQ) digunakan untuk mengukur distres psikologis, perceived social support, dan penyesuaian akademis. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa distres psikologis memiliki hubungan negatif yang signifikan dengan penyesuaian akademis. Perceived social support dari teman ditemukan memoderasi hubungan antara distres psikologis dan penyesuaian akademis namun hal yang sama tidak ditemukan pada perceived social support dari keluarga dan significant others. Dengan demikian, membangun jaringan sosial dengan teman di perguruan tinggi dapat meningkatkan penyesuaian akademis mahasiswa baru.

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Pursuing a higher education becomes increasingly popular however, entering university comes with its own academic challenges which can be a source of psychological distress that can potentially hinder students academic adjustment. This study aims to examine the role of perceived social support in moderating the relationship between psychological distress and academic adjustment. The respondents of this study are 414 first-year college students between the ages of 18 to 22 year old. To examine the moderating role of perceived social support, Hayes' PROCESS was used. The Kessler-10 Item Questionnaire (K10), The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), and Student Adjustment to College Questionnaire (SACQ) were used to measure psychological distress, perceived social support, and academic adjustment respectively. The results of this study show that psychological distress has a significant correlation with academic adjustment. Moreover, overall perceived social support does not moderate the relationship between the two variables. Conversely, perceived friends support is found to moderate the relationship between psychological distress and academic adjustment however, the same result was not found for perceived family and significant others support. The results imply that building peer network in university holds a significant role in first-year students' academic adjustment.

Abstrak :
Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh timbulnya stres pada pendamping sosial PKH karena semakin tingginya beban kerja dan banyaknya kendala yang dirasakan akibat dari perkembangan program bantuan sosial di Indonesia selama masa pandemi Covid-19 sampai saat ini. Padahal posisi pendamping sosial PKH sangat vital bagi keberhasilan program, karena mereka yang mengawal pelaksanaan program di lapangan dan harus berhadapan langsung dengan penerima manfaat. Penelitian ini membahas mengenai gambaran kondisi stres, strategi coping, serta sumber dan bentuk dukungan sosial yang dimiliki pendamping sosial PKH Kecamatan Trowulan dalam menghadapi kondisi stres. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian deskriptif. Adapun teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu wawancara mendalam, studi dokumen, dan observasi. Sedangkan teknik pemilihan informan yang digunakan yaitu purposive sampling dengan jumlah informan sebanyak sepuluh orang yang terdiri dari satu orang koordinator kecamatan, tujuh orang pendamping sosial PKH, dan dua orang Keluarga Penerima Manfaat (KPM) PKH. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada rentang waktu Oktober 2022-Juni 2023 di Kecamatan Trowulan, Kabupaten Mojokerto. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa gejala stres yang dirasakan pendamping sosial PKH Kecamatan Trowulan adalah gejala fisik dan psikologis. Gejala fisik yang dialami berupa tekanan darah tinggi, sakit kepala dan pusing, serta kelelahan, sedangkan gejala psikologis yang dirasakan berupa marah dan kesal serta perasaan bersalah. Adapun stressor yang dialami pendamping, diantaranya singkatnya waktu untuk menyelesaikan pekerjaan, permasalahan yang menyangkut KPM, beban kerja yang tinggi dan kompleks, rotasi wilayah dampingan, urusan domestik pendamping, perubahan pada teknologi yang digunakan dalam pengelolaan data KPM, persoalan gaji, dan tantangan graduasi KPM PKH. Untuk strategi coping yang digunakan oleh para pendamping adalah problem-focused coping dimana pendamping berusaha untuk mengurangi atau menghilangkan sumber stres dan emotion-focused coping dimana pendamping berusaha untuk meminimalkan emosi negatif yang timbul dari stres. Sedangkan bentuk dukungan sosial yang didapatkan para pendamping berupa emotional or esteem support, tangible or instrumental support, dan informational support. Berbagai bentuk dukungan sosial tersebut bersumber dari lingkungan pekerjaan (organizational) yaitu rekan kerja, atasan, keluarga penerima manfaat PKH, pemerintah desa, serta pemerintah daerah dan juga lingkungan keluarga (family) yaitu pasangan dan anak. ......This research is motivated by the emergence of stress on PKH social facilitators due to the increasing workload and the many obstacles that are felt as a result of the development of social assistance programs in Indonesia during the Covid-19 pandemic to date. In fact, the position of PKH social facilitators is very vital for the success of the program, because they oversee the implementation of the program in the field and have to deal directly with beneficiaries. This study discusses the description of stressful conditions, coping strategies, as well as the sources and forms of social support that PKH social facilitators in Trowulan District have in dealing with stressful conditions. The approach used in this research is a qualitative approach with a descriptive research type. The data collection techniques used are in-depth interviews, document studies, and observation. While the informant selection technique used was purposive sampling with ten informants consisting of one sub-district coordinator, seven PKH social assistants, and two PKH Beneficiary Families (KPM). This research was carried out in the period October 2022-June 2023 in the Trowulan District, Mojokerto Regency. The results showed that the symptoms of stress felt by PKH social facilitators in Trowulan District were physical and psychological symptoms. Physical symptoms are experienced in the form of high blood pressure, headaches and dizziness, and fatigue, while psychological symptoms are felt in the form of anger and annoyance and feelings of guilt. The stressors experienced by facilitators include short time to complete work, problems related to KPM, high and complex workload, rotation of assisted areas, domestic affairs of companions, changes in technology used in KPM data management, salary issues, and challenges to KPM graduation PKH. The coping strategies used by the facilitators are problem-focused coping where the facilitators tries to reduce or eliminate sources of stress and emotion-focused coping where the facilitators tries to minimize negative emotions that arise from stress. Meanwhile, the forms of social support obtained by the facilitators were in the form of emotional or esteem support, tangible or instrumental support, and informational support. These various forms of social support come from the work environment (organizational), namely co-workers, superiors, PKH beneficiary families, village government, and local government and also the family environment, namely spouses and children.

Abstrak :
Pasien yang diisolasi Covid-19 tidak dapat berinteraksi dan terpaksa dipisahkan dari lingkungan sosialnya. Keadaan ini tentu akan berdampak terhadap kebahagiaan psikologisnya, padahal kebahagiaan psikologis merupakan faktor yang penting dalam penyembuhan pasien Covid-19. Dalam penelitian ini ingin diketahui lebih lanjut bagaimana peranan dukungan sosial terhadap kebahagiaan psikologis pada saat pasien isolasi Covid-19, dan juga dukungan sosial apa yang signifikan berperan terhadap kebahagiaan psikologis. Alat ukur yang digunakan untuk mengukur dukungan sosial adalah Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support dan kebahagiaan psikologis dengan Ryff’s Psychological Well Being Scale. Partisipan pada penelitian ini adalah individu yang sedang diisolasi maupun penyintas Covid-19 dengan total partisipan 84 orang. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah regresi linear sederhana. Dari hasil penelitian diketahui adanya peran yang signifikan dari dukungan sosial terhadap kebahagiaan psikologis pada pasien disaat masa isolasi Covid-19 (r = 0.442, n= 84, R2 = 0.185, p<.05), dan baik dukungan keluarga, teman, maupun ‘orang yang spesial’ berperan secara signifikan. Juga diketahui bahwa dukungan orang spesial (tetangga) diketahui paling besar peranannya pada kebahagiaan psikologis. ......Patients isolated from Covid-19 cannot interact and are forced to be separated from their social environment. This situation will certainly have an impact on his psychological well being, even though psychological well being is an important factor in healing Covid-19 patients. In this study, we want to find out more about the role of social support on psychological well being when patients are isolated from Covid-19, and also what social support has a significant role in psychological well being. The measuring instrument used to measure social support is the Multidimensional Perceived Social Support Scale and psychological well being with the Ryff Psychological Well-being Scale. Participants in this study were individuals who were isolated and survivors of Covid-19 with a total of 84 participants. The data analysis technique used is simple linear regression. From the results of the study, it is known that there is a role in social support for psychological well being during the Covid-19 isolation condition (r = 0.442, n = 84, R2 = 0.185, p < .05), and both support from family, friends, and significant other plays a significant role. It is also known that the support of significant others (neighbors) is known to have the greatest role in psychological well being.

Abstrak :
Adanya pandemi Covid-19 menjadi stresor terhadap individu yang berpotensi meningkatkan kerentanan terhadap pengalaman gejala depresi. Hubungan romantis merupakan salah satu sumber daya dalam mengurangi depresi karena dapat memberikan dukungan sosial yang dibutuhkan. Meskipun begitu, persepsi dukungan sosial adalah fenomena yang kompleks dan dapat ditentukan oleh faktor individu, seperti attachment. Pola attachment seseorang akan mewarnai ekspektasi dan preferensinya terhadap dukungan sosial yang diterima. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji model perceived social support sebagai mediator pada hubungan antara pola attachment dengan gejala depresi, pada dewasa muda di Indonesia yang sedang menjalani hubungan romantis. Sebanyak 279 partisipan mengisi instrumen Experiences in Close Relationships-Revised untuk mengukur tingkat attachment anxiety dan attachment avoidance, instrumen Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support untuk mengukur tingkat persepsi dukungan sosial, dan instrumen Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression untuk mengukur gejala depresi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa efek pola attachment (melalui tingkat attachment anxiety dan tingkat attachment avoidance) terhadap gejala depresi dimediasi secara parsial oleh tingkat perceived social support individu. Perbedaan jenis kelamin dan status hubungan yang sedang dijalani (status hubungan romantis pranikah atau hubungan pernikahan) juga ditemukan signifikan menjadi kovariat dalam kedua model mediasi. ......The existence of the Covid-19 pandemic is a stressor for individuals that has the potential to increase susceptibility to experiencing depressive symptoms. Based on the literature review, romantic relationships can be a resource in dealing with depression through a stable social support network in the relationship, primarily if the social support is conceptualized as perceived social support. However, perceived social support is a complex phenomenon and can be determined by individual factors such as attachment styles since attachment style will affect individual expectations and preferences for social support. This study examines perceived social support as a mediator of attachment style and depressive symptoms among young adults in Indonesia in a romantic relationship. A total of 279 participants completed the Experiences in Close Relationships-Revised to measure the level of attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support to measure the perceived social support, and Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression to measure reports of depressive symptoms. The results showed that the effect of the attachment style (through the level of attachment anxiety and the level of attachment avoidance) on depressive symptoms was partially mediated by perceived social support. Differences in gender and the type of relationship (premarital and marital relationship) were also significant covariates in both mediation models.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK Penelitian ini menjelaskan hubungan antara dukungan sosial resiprokal dan tingkat stres di kalangan mahasiswa Universitas Indonesia. Studi-studi sebelumnya melihat dukungan sosial memiliki peran penting, namun dukungan sosial sebagian besar melihat dari sisi penerimaan dukungan sosial. Studi ini melihat pada sisi penerimaan dan pemberian dukungan sosial yang berpengaruh pada stres mahasiswa. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode pengumpulan data melalui survei daring dan terkumpul 504 partisipan. Dalam analisis tingkat stres sebanyak 51.98% mahasiswa mengalami tingkat stres yang tinggi. Sementara itu, dalam analisis dukungan sosial resiprokal sebanyak 10.71% mahasiswa yang memiliki hubungan resiprokal. Uji chi-square menunjukkan bahwa kedua variabel secara statistik memiliki hubungan. Dukungan sosial resiprokal menjelaskan pengaruh terhadap tingkat stres mencapai 11.2%. Adapun faktor-faktor lain yang mempengaruhi antara lain sumber daya personal, peran-hubungan teman dan keluarga, dan norma pertukaran.

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ABSTRACT Current study explains association between reciprocity of social support and level of stress among college students at University of Indonesia. A plenty of previous research were mostly emphasize aspect of receiving social support yet did not take an interest in giving social support. This study examined on effects of giving and receiving social support on student stress. Quantitative approach was used by this study and was 504 students that completed online survey. The prevalence of severe stres was 51.98%. Meanwhile, there were 10.71% students that had a reciprocity of social support. Chi-square test shows that both variables had relationship statistically. Reciprocity of social support improved ability to predicted students stres by 11.2%. There were other factors affected students stress in related to reciprocity of social support, such as personal resource, role-relationship both friend and family, and exchange norms.