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Abstrak :
Many children are naturally shy but extreme shyness and social anxiety can become a major childhood problem, leading to avoidance of school, difficulty in making friends and even developing into social anxiety in adulthood. In Overcoming Your Child's Shyness and Social Anxiety, child psychologists Lucy Willetts and Cathy Creswell explain how parents can help a shy child learn to challenge their thoughts and behaviour patterns and learn to participate confidently in every aspect of their lives. Based on clinically proven cognitive behavioural principles, the book explains what causes shyness, how to identify social anxiety in your child (sometimes masked by anger or stubbornness) and how to gradually help your child face their anxieties and develop problem-solving strategies. This book is a must for parents, teachers and anyone working with children.

Abstrak :
Tahap perkembangan remaja seringkali ditandai dengan peningkatan kecemasan sosial. Meskipun Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD) merupakan gangguan yang umum terjadi pada remaja, SAD cenderung sulit untuk diidentifikasi. Faktor budaya diduga berpengaruh terhadap batasan antara tingkat kecemasan sosial yang normal dan patologis. Penelitian ini menggunakan explanatory sequential design (kuantitatif-kualitatif) untuk (1) menguji pengaruh self-construal terhadap kecemasan sosial melalui peran mediasi emosi malu pada remaja etnis Jawa dan (2) menjelaskan penghayatan kecemasan sosial remaja etnis Jawa yang dibandingkan dengan gejala SAD dalam DSM-5. Dalam penelitian kuantitatif, pengukuran terhadap kecemasan sosial, self-construal, dan emosi malu melibatkan 37 remaja berusia 14-17 tahun dengan kedua orang tua beretnis Jawa dan berdomisili di Provinsi DI Yogyakarta, Jawa Tengah, dan Jawa Timur. Hasil uji mediasi menggunakan causal steps approach menunjukkan bahwa emosi malu tidak berperan dalam hubungan antara self-construal dengan kecemasan sosial. Selain itu, independent construal secara signifikan berpengaruh negatif dan emosi malu berpengaruh positif terhadap tingkat kecemasan sosial. Selanjutnya, empat partisipan dengan kecemasan sosial yang tinggi berdasarkan pengukuran pada penelitian kuantitatif diikutsertakan dalam wawancara mendalam tentang gejala kecemasan sosial yang mereka alami. Hasil dari inductive analysis menunjukkan bahwa tingginya kecemasan sosial tidak selalu mengarah pada penegakan diagnosis SAD. Norma dalam budaya Jawa yang cenderung menerima gejala kecemasan sosial menyebabkan dampak negatif tidak muncul terhadap fungsi sehari-hari remaja. Implikasi dari hasil penelitian ini menekankan pada pentingnya mempertimbangkan konteks budaya remaja dalam menegakkan diagnosis SAD.

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Adolescence is often marked by increased social anxiety. Even though Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD) is one of the most common disorders among adolescents, SAD is likely to be difficult to recognize. Cultural factors may influence the boundary between the normal and pathological level of social anxiety to be ambiguous. Using an explanatory sequential design (quantitative-qualitative), the aims of this study were to (1) examine whether self-construal influence social anxiety through mediating role of and (2) explore the meaning and experience of social anxiety symptoms among Javanese adolescents by comparing them with SAD symptoms in DSM-5. For quantitative study, measurement of social anxiety, self-construal, and shame involved 37 adolescents aged 14-17 year-old with both parents are Javanese and settle in DI Yogyakarta, Central Java, and East Java Province. The result of mediation analysis using causal steps approach indicated that there is no mediation effect of shame in the relationship between self-construal and social anxiety. In addition, only independent construal have a negative effect and shame have a positive effect significantly on social anxiety intensity. Furthermore, four participants with high social anxiety based on measurement in the quantitative study were joined an in-depth interview about their social anxiety symptoms. Results of the inductive analysis indicated that high social anxiety does not necessarily lead to the diagnosis of SAD. Norms in Javanese culture that tends to tolerate social anxiety symptoms causes no negative impact on adolescents' functions of daily life. The findings suggest that considering adolescent cultural context is essential for diagnosing SAD.

Abstrak :
Meskipun Facebook telah menjadi salah satu social networking sites (SNSs) yang paling populer dan bermanfaat di Internet, penggunaannya telah dikaitkan dengan kesejahteraan psikologis. Dengan demikian, tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji hubungan antara penggunaan Facebook dan kecemasan sosial, depresi, dan social belonging. 852 orang (545 perempuan, 289 laki-laki, 18 tidak mengidentifkasikan jenis kelamin; Mage = 28.94, SD = 13.98) direkrut secara acak melalui survei online. Penggunaan Facebook, kecemasan sosial, depresi, dan social belonging diukur dengan menggunakan item yang dipilih dari berbagai kuesioner. Analisis korelasi Pearson mengungkapkan korelasi negatif yang signifikan antara penggunaan Facebook dan kecemasan sosial (r = -.07, p = .033) serta depresi (r = -.11, p = .001) sementara korelasi positif yang signifikan ditemukan antara penggunaan Facebook dan social belonging (r = .13, p < .001). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan Facebook yang lebih besar dikaitkan dengan tingkat kecemasan dan depresi sosial yang lebih rendah serta social belonging yang lebih tinggi, menunjukkan bahwa platform ini dapat digunakan sebagai media untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan psikologis. ......Although Facebook has become one of the most popular and beneficial social networking sites (SNS) on the Internet, its prevalent use has been linked to problems associated with one’s psychological well-being. As such, the aim of this research was to examine the individual relationships between Facebook use and social anxiety, depression, and social belonging. A community sample of 852 people (545 female, 289 male, 15 non-binary, 3 other-identifying; Mage = 28.94, SD = 13.98) were randomly recruited through an online survey. Facebook use, social anxiety, depression, and social belonging were measured using selected items from various questionnaires. Pearson’s correlation analysis revealed significant negative correlations between Facebook use and social anxiety (r = -.07, p = .033) as well as depression (r = -.11, p = .001) while a significant positive correlation was found for social belonging (r = .13, p < .001). These findings demonstrated that greater Facebook use was associated with lower levels of social anxiety and depression as well as a higher sense of social belonging, suggesting that this platform may be utilised as a medium to improve one’s psychological wellbeing.

Abstrak :
Ketika berkomunikasi, penutur menerapkan prinsip kerja sama yang terdiri dari empat kategori, yaitu maksim kuantitas, kualitas, relevansi, dan cara. Adanya pelanggaran terhadap sebagian atau keseluruhan maksim tersebut akan bermasalah apabila membuat mitra tuturnya tidak atau salah memahami pesan dari penutur meskipun dalam beberapa kasus komunikasi masih dapat berjalan. Pelanggaran maksim yang menimbulkan kesalahpahaman dilakukan oleh Bocchi pada Anime Bocchi the Rock yang mengidap gangguan kecemasan sosial. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji jenis-jenis maksim yang dilanggar oleh Bocchi serta dampak dari gangguan kecemasan sosial terhadap terjadinya pelanggaran maksim tersebut. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan data penelitiannya berupa percakapan antara Bocchi dengan orang-orang di sekitarnya. Data dikumpulkan dengan mengobservasi semua percakapan di dalam 12 episode Anime Bocchi the Rock. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Bocchi melanggar keempat jenis maksim. Terdapat sebanyak 40 data yang memiliki pelanggaran tersebut. Dari semua data ini, peneliti mengkaji lebih lanjut enam data yang dianggap menarik, mewakili keempat jenis pelanggaran maksim, dan menggambarkan karakteristik dari penderita gangguan kecemasan sosial. Pengkajian ini menyimpulkan bahwa gangguan kecemasan sosial bertanggung jawab atas terjadinya pelanggaran maksim yang dilakukan Bocchi. Gangguan tersebut membuat Bocchi takut berinteraksi sosial sehingga mengakibatkannya berbicara dengan gagap dan terengah-engah (melanggar maksim cara). Gangguan tersebut juga membuat Bocchi takut menyinggung perasaan orang lain dan dinilai negatif sehingga mengakibatkannya memberikan tanggapan yang tidak berhubungan dengan topik pembicaraan sebelumnya (melanggar maksim relevansi), memberikan informasi yang berlebihan (melanggar maksim kuantitas), dan berbohong (melanggar maksim kualitas). Gangguan tersebut juga menimbulkan kecenderungan bagi Bocchi untuk berbicara dengan sangat pelan (melanggar maksim cara) dan bersifat tertutup yang membuatnya tidak mampu memenuhi maksim relevansi. ......When communicating, speakers apply the cooperative principle which consists of four categories, maxim of quantity, quality, relevance, and manner. This violation will be problematic if it makes the hearer not understand or misunderstand the speaker’s message, although in some cases communication can still be carried out. Maxim violations that cause misunderstanding are done by Bocchi in the Anime Bocchi the Rock who suffers from social anxiety disorder. This research aims to examine the types of maxims violated by Bocchi and the impact of social anxiety disorder on the occurrence of those maxim violations. This research is qualitative research with research data in the form of conversations between Bocchi and the people around her. These data were obtained by observing all conversations in twelve episodes of the Anime Bocchi the Rock. The research findings reveal that Bocchi violates all four kinds of maxims. A total of 40 data have those violations. From all these data, the researcher further examines six data that appeal to the researcher, represent the violation of all four maxims, and depict characteristics of social anxiety disorder sufferers. The examination concluded that the disorder makes Bocchi afraid of having social interactions which causes her to stutter and speak out of breath (violates the maxim of manner). The disorder also makes her afraid of hurting others’ feelings and being judged negatively which causes her to give irrelevant responses to the previous conversation topic (violates the maxim of relevance), conveying excessive information (violates maxim of quantity), and lying (violates the maxim of quality). The disorder also causes tendencies for Bocchi to speak in a very soft voice (violates the maxim of manner) and be withdrawn which makes her unable to fulfil the maxim of relevance.