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Abstrak :
Pasien kanker yang mempunyai nilai skala resiko Braden 10 sampai 12 dengan mobilisasi yang sulit karena metastasis tulang mempunyai resiko terjadinya luka tekan pada saat menjalani rawat inap. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah membandingkan efektifitas perubahan posisi setiap 2 jam dengan efektivitas penggunaan foam dressing untuk mencegah terjadinya luka tekan. Penelitian ini menggunakan randomized control trial cross over design, yaitu semua reponden mendapat perlakuan perubahan posisi setiap 2 jam dan penggunaan foam dressing masing masing selama 3 hari. Jumlah sampel 10 orang, semua sampel mendapat dua perlakuan. Hasil uji t-independent menunjukkan ada perbedaan yang signifikan pada waktu yang digunakan pada masing masing kelompok (p value = 0,018 ; =0,05) namun biaya yang dibutuhkan untuk penggunaan foam dressing lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan perubahan posisi setiap 2 jam. ......Cancer patients who had score braden scale 10 to 12 with mobilizations difficulty because of bone metastases have the risk of pressure ulcers on when hospitalization. Research purposes is to compare effectiveness changes of position every two hours with the use of foam dressings to prevent pressure ulcers. This research use randomized control trial cross overs design, and they received treatment changes of position every two hours and use of foam dressings each over 3 days. The number of samples 10, all samples had two treatment. Results test t-independent show there is a significant difference on the time used on each group ( p value = 0,018;
=0,05 ) but use of foam dressing need more cost than positioning every 2 hours.

Abstrak :
Latar Belakang: Akne vulgaris AV adalah peradangan kronis pilosebasea yang terutama dijumpai pada remaja dan dewasa muda. Peranan diet pada patogenesis AV terus menjadi perdebatan. Salah satu mikronutrien yang diduga berperan dalam patogenesis AV adalah vitamin A atau retinol. Tujuan: Mengetahui kadar retinol serum dan korelasinya dengan derajat keparahan AV, serta asupan vitamin A pasien AV. Metode: Studi potong lintang dengan 20 subjek penelitian SP yang direkrut secara consecutive sampling. Kadar retinol serum diukur menggunakan high performance liquid chromatography HPLC, sedangkan asupan vitamin A dinilai dengan metode food frequency questionnaire FFQ semikuantitatif. Hasil: Rerata kadar retinol serum kelompok AVR, AVS, dan AVB yaitu 0,962 SB 0,145 mol/L, 0,695 SB 0,054 mol/L, dan 0,613 SB 0,125 mol/L. Terdapat korelasi bermakna antara kadar retinol serum dengan derajat keparahan AV r = -0,798, p = 0,000. Rerata asupan vitamin A per hari pada kelompok AVR, AVS, dan AVB sebesar 476,21 SB 221,32 g, 823,71 SB 221,32 g, dan 780,99 SB 530,45 g. Simpulan: Kadar retinol serum ditemukan rendah pada kelompok AVS dan AVB. Hasil penelitian ini membuktikan semakin rendah kadar retinol serum, semakin berat derajat keparahan AV. Tidak terdapat perbedaan asupan vitamin A di antara ketiga kelompok. ...... Background: Acne vulgaris AV is a chronic inflammation of pilosebaceus that is primarily found in adolescents and young adults. The role of diet in the pathogenesis of AV continues to be a debate. One of micronutrients alleged in the pathogenesis of AV is vitamin A or retinol. Objective: This study aims to know the levels of serum retinol and its correlation with the degree of severity of the AV, as well as the patient 39 s intake of vitamin A. Method: This cross sectional study included 20 subjects divided into mild, moderate, and severe groups based on Lehman rsquo s classification. Serum retinol levels measured using high performance liquid chromatography, whereas the intake of vitamin A was assessed by semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire method. Results: The mean serum retinol levels of mild, moderate, and severe groups were respectively 0.962 SD 0.145 mol L, 0.695 SD 0.054 mol L, and 0.613 SD 0.125 mol L. There was significant correlation between serum retinol levels with the degree of severity of the AV r 0.798, p 0.000. The mean intake of vitamin A per day of mild, moderate, and severe groups were respectively 476.21 SD 221.32 g, 823.71 SD 221.32 g, and 780.99 SD 530.45 g. Conclusion: Levels of serum retinol found lower on the moderate and severe groups. The results has proven that the lower the levels of serum retinol, the more severe the degree of severity of the AV. There was no difference in vitamin A intake among the three groups.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Asam azelat merupakan senyawa kimia yang banyak digunakan dalam dermatologi. Untuk meningkatkan efektivitas asam azelat dibentuk ke dalam vesikel transfersom. Transfersom adalah vesikel yang berkemampuan deformabilitas dan dibuat dengan metode lapis tipis. Namun transfersom memiliki kekurangan yaitu tidak stabil selama masa penyimpanan. Maka dari itu dibentuk protransfersom melalui metode freeze dry. Lioprotektan trehalosa digunakan untuk menjaga stabilitas protransfersom selama proses freeze dry. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah membandingkan stabilitas transfersom dan protransfersom asam azelat serta mengetahui pengaruh lioprotektan trehalosa terhadap protransfersom asam azelat. Selama masa penyimpanan 4 minggu pada suhu 4o transfersom, protransfersom dengan trehalosa, dan protransfersom tanpa trehalosa mengalami penurunan presentase efisiensi penjerapan sebesar 34,23 ; 12,19 ; 29,96 . Sedangkan pada suhu 28o masing-masing mengalami penurunan sebesar 35,36 ; 24,54 rsquo; 32,06 . Ukuran partikel transfersom dan protransfersom dengan trehalosa yang disimpan pada suhu 4o cenderung stabil. Hasil dari penelitian ini yaitu protransfersom memiliki stabilitas lebih baik dibandingkan transfersom. Penggunaan lioprotektan trehalosa memberikan stabilitas yang lebih baik pada protransfersom. Selain itu, penyimpanan pada suhu rendah dan dalam bentuk kering mampu mempertahankan stabilitas protransfersom asam azelat.

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ABSTRACT
Azelaic acid is a chemical compound widely used in dermatology. To increase the effectiveness of azelaic acid was formed into transfersome. Transfersome is a vesicle capable of deformability which was made by thin layer method. Transfersome did not stabilized during storage, so it was formed protransfersome through freeze dry method. Lyoprotectant trehalose was used to maintain the stability of protransfersome during freeze dry process. The purposes of this research were comparing transfersome and protransfersome azelaic acid stability, and detecting the effects of trehalose lyoprotectant on protransfersome azelaic acid. During storage period at 4oC for 4 weeks, the entrapment efficiency of transfersome, protransfersome with trehalose, and protransfersome without trehalose were decreased by 34,23 12,19 29,96 respectively. On the other hand, at 28oC for 4 weeks, the percentage were decreased by 35,36 24,54 rsquo 32,06 respectively. Particle size of transfersome and protransfersome with trehalose were stable at 4oC. The result of this study shows that protransfersomes have better stability than transfersomes. Trehalose provides better stability on protransfersome azelaic acid. In addition, protransfersome stability can be mantain by storing at low temperature and dry form.

Abstrak :
This new book bridges the gap between the moisturizers and the skin by covering all the essential information required to tailor the use of moisturizers to particular disorders and patients. Important aspects of skin biochemistry and barrier function are explained, and the ingredients and treatment effects of moisturizers are explored in depth. Careful attention is paid to controversies, including the role of certain moisturizers in inducing dryness/eczema, asthma, and comedones.

Abstrak :
Diabetes mellitus menjadi ancaman serius bagi manusia. Kulit xerosis merupakan komplikasi diabetes mellitus yang sering terjadi. Pemberian pelembab pada kulit pasien diabetes mellitus perlu dilakukan untuk mencegah komplikasi lanjutan. Belum ada penelitian yang menelaah manfaat aloe vera terhadap status hidrasi kulit xerosis penyandang diabetes mellitus. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pelembab mengandung ekstrak aloe vera 5% terhadap status hidrasi kulit xerosis pasien diabetes mellitus. Penelitian ini adalah randomized controlled trial (RCT) double blinding dengan rancangan penelitian menggunakan time series design terhadap 93 responden dengan teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan consecutive sampling. Setiap responden diukur status hidrasi stratum corneum sebelum diberikan aplikasi pelembab dan setelah diberikan aplikasi. Pengukuran posttest dilakukan 1 jam, 2 jam, 3 jam, dan 7 hari kemudian. Analisis data menggunakan uji wilcoxon signed rank test, independent t-test, dan Anova. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan ada perbedaan yang signifikan antara nilai status hidrasi pretest dan posttest baik pada kelompok kontrol maupun intervensi. Pelembab yang mengandung ekstrak aloe vera 5% secara signifikan meningkatkan status hidrasi kulit lebih tinggi dibandingkan pelembab kontrol. Pengamatan terhadap selisih nilai status hidrasi antara kelompok kontrol dan kelompok intervensi menunjukkan bahwa mean difference kelompok intervensi lebih besar dibandingkan kelompok kontrol. Pelembab yang mengandung ekstrak aloe vera 5% lebih efektif untuk perawatan kulit xerosis penyandang DM dan dapat menjadi pilihan terapi perawatan masalah kulit tersebut. ......Diabetes mellitus is a serious threat to humans. Xerosis is a skin complication of diabetes mellitus that often occurs. Giving moisturizers to the skin of patients with diabetes mellitus needs to be done to prevent further complications. There are no studies that examine the benefits of aloe vera on the xerosis skin hydration status of people with diabetes mellitus. This study aimed to determine the effect of moisturizers containing 5% aloe vera extract on the skin hydration status of xerosis patients with diabetes mellitus. This study was a double blinding randomized controlled trial (RCT) using time series design on 93 respondents with a sampling technique using consecutive sampling. Each respondent measured the hydration status of the stratum corneum before being given a moisturizing application and after being given the application. Posttest measurements were carried out 1 hour, 2 hours, 3 hours, and 7 days later. Data analysis using Wilcoxon signed rank test, independent t-test, and Anova. There were significant differences between the values of the pretest and posttest hydration status in both the control and intervention groups. Moisturizers containing aloe vera extract 5% significantly improve skin hydration status better than controls. Observations on the difference in the value of hydration status between control group and intervention group showed that the mean difference of the intervention group was greater than control group. Moisturizers containing aloe vera extract 5% are effective for xerosis skin care for patients with diabetes mellitus and can be a therapeutic choice for treating skin disorders.