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Abstrak :
Study on biodiversity and size structure of sharks in the Indian Ocean was conducted at several landing sites and fish markets,i.e. Pelabuhanratu (West Java),Cilacap (Central Java),Kedonganan (Bali) and Tanjung Luar (East Lombok)....

Abstrak :

Abstrak

Hiu merupakan salah satu kelompok hewan laut yang terancam keberadaan. Hiu yang tertangkap dan didaratkan di PPN Prigi salah satunya adalah hiu kejen (Carcharhinus falciformis). Tujuan penelitian adalah 1) menganalisis perikanan hiu kejen yang didaratkan di PPN Prigi; 2) menyusun strategi pengelolaan perikanan hiu kejen yang bertanggung jawab. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis struktur ukuran panjang, hubungan panjang berat, nisbah kelamin, tingkat kematangan gonad, CPUE, MSY, ekologi, ekonomi, kelembagaan dan A'WOT. Hasil tangkapan maksimum lestari di perairan Teluk Prigi sebesar 9.934 kg/tahun. Jumlah hasil tangkapan yang diperbolehkan ditangkap (total allowable catch) adalah sebanyak 7.947 kg/tahun.  Penangkapan hiu telah membawa dampak secara ekonomis dan ekologis, yang berdasarkan kedua aspek tersebut penangkapan hiu membawa kerugian bagi nelayan. Hasil tangkapan hiu kejen memiliki kisaran panjang total hiu betina 61-162 cm dan jantan 76-189 cm. Pola pertumbuhan tubuh adalah alometrik negatif. Perbandingan jumlah hiu yang tertangkap adalah 0,45:1. Hiu yang didaratkan di PPN Prigi sebagian besar belum mengalami matang gonad (97%). Berdasarkan analisis alternatif strategi pengelolaan yang dapat dilakukan berdasarkan skala prioritas adalah 1) penguatan peran lembaga-lembaga dalam pengawasan pemanfaatan hiu, (2) penetapan pengaturan penangkapan hiu untuk menghindari overfishing, illegal, unreported, dan unregulated fishing, (3) peningkatan sistem monitoring, controlling, survailance tangkapan hiu.

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Abstract

Sharks are a group of marine animals that its existence is threatened. Kejen shark (Carcharhinus falciformis) is one of the various types of sharks that are caught and landed on it. The aims of study are 1) analyzing the fisheries of Kejen shark that landed at Prigi fishing port; 2) developing responsible kejen shark resource management strategies. This study uses a long-size analysis method, long weight relationships, sex ratio, gonadal maturity, CPUE, MSY, ecological, economic, institutional and A'WOT. Maximum sustainable catch is insulated by Prigi Bay at 8.619 kg/year and the total allowable catch is 6,895 kg/year. The capture continuously to have an impact on economics and ecology, which are based on those two aspects are carrying losses for fishermen. The catch has a total length range of approximately 61-162 cm for female sharks and 76-189 cm for male sharks. The pattern growth is negative allometric. The ratio of the number of sharks captured is 0.45: 1. The sharks that landed at Prigi fishing port are mostly not from mature gonads (97%). Alternative analysis as a management strategy can be carried out based on priority scales including (1) strengthening the role of institutions in monitoring shark utilization, (2) regulation of shark fishing arrangements to avoid over-fishing, illegal, unreported, and unregulated fishing, (3) improving monitoring systems, controlling, surveillance of shark catches.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Tantangan untuk memastikan terpeliharanya kelestarian hiu di Samudera Hindia adalah isu utama pengelolaan sumber daya ikan, meskipun eksploitasi penangkapan masih terjadi. Untuk itu, strategi pengelolaan perikanan yang tepat perlu disusun. Tujuan riset adalah menganalisis keragaan perikanan hiu di Samudera Hindia berdasarkan data nelayan Cilacap, menganalisis kondisi sosial ekonomi nelayan hiu, merinci rantai pemasaran hiu, dan merekomendasikan strategi pengelolaan perikanan hiu agar berkelanjutan. Riset dilaksanakan di Cilacap dengan pendekatan kuantitatif, dengan analisis data deskriptif kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Hasil riset menunjukan bahwa: (i) Hiu adalah hasil tangkapan sampingan (HTS) pancing rawai tuna (8,8%), jaring insang hanyut (9,66%), dan jaring insang tetap (9,41%), dan ikan target utama pancing rawai hiu. Hiu biru dan hiu tikus adalah hiu yang banyak tertangkap (73%), dengan puncak penangkapan bulan Agustus. Sebagian besar hiu tikus yang tertangkap adalah hiu dewasa, dan sebagian besar hiu mako yang tertangkap adalah hiu yang belum dewasa; (ii) Nelayan hiu di Cilacap didominasi lulusan SD (70,8%) dan berusia sekitar 46-55 tahun (44,2%). Nelayan pancing rawai tuna dan jaring insang tidak termasuk masyarakat miskin. Sebagian besar nelayan menolak campur tangan pemerintah untuk mengelola sumber daya ikan melalui penetapan regulasi baru; (iii) Alur perdagangan hiu di Cilacap dimulai dari nelayan yang menjual hiu langsung tanpa lelang kepada pedagang pengepul untuk selanjutnya diproses menjadi beberapa komoditas yang dipasarkan lokal dan ekspor, dan (iv) Penetapan daerah penangkapan, penetapan jumlah dan ukuran perahu penangkapan ikan, serta penetapan jenis dan ukuran alat tangkap adalah pilihan strategi pengelolaan perikanan hiu dengan tingkat keberhasilan yang paling tinggi. Upaya pelatihan keterampilan baru bagi nelayan juga diperlukan agar tercipta sumber pendapatan lain, sehingga ketergantungan nelayan pada penangkapan ikan dapat dikurangi.

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ABSTRACT
The challenge of ensuring the preservation of sharks in the Indian Ocean is a key issue in the management of shark resources in Indonesia. Therefore, an appropriate fisheries management strategies need to be developed. The research aims to analyze the performance of shark fishery in the Indian Ocean based on Cilacap fisheries data, analyze the socio-economic conditions of shark fishermen, analyze the shark marketing chain, and recommend the shark fisheries management strategy to be sustainable. The research was conducted in Cilacap with a quantitative approach, quantitative and qualitative mixed data collection, also qualitative descriptive and quantitative descriptive analysis. The results showed those: (i) shark is by-catch as well as the target. The thesher sharks (Alopias pelagicus and Alopias superciliosus) and also blue shark (Prionace glauca) are the dominant sharks caught (73%), with the peak of capture on August. Most of the thesher Sharks caught are adult, and most of the mako sharks (Isurus paucus and Isurus oxyrhincus) are immature; (ii) Research is conducted in Cilacap with quantitative approach, with quantitative and qualitative descriptive data analysis. The results showed that: (i) Sharks were by-catch of tuna longline (8.8%), drift gillnets (9.66%), and bottom gillnets (9.41%), and main target of shark longline. The thesher sharks (Alopias pelagicus and Alopias superciliosus) and also blue shark (Prionace glauca) are the dominant sharks caught (73%), with the peak of capture on August. Most of the caught thesher sharks are adult, and most of the mako sharks are immature; (ii) the shark fisherman in Cilacap dominated primary school graduates (70.8%) and aged around 46-55 years (44.2%). The fishermen of tuna longline and gillnets are not among the poor. Most of them refuse government intervention to manage fish resources through the establishment of new regulations; (iii) the flows of shark trade begins from fishermen selling directly to the collecting traders, then processed for locall and export marketed; and (iv) determination of fishing grounds, the number and size of fishing boats, and establishing the types and sizes of fishing gear are the alternative management strategy with the highest success rate. New skills training for fishermen is also needed in order to create other sources of income, so the dependence on fishing can be reduced.