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Abstrak :
Bawang merah (Allium ascalonicum L.) merupakan salah satu rempah-rempah yang ada di Indonesia. Peningkatan produksi bawang merah menyebabkan pemerintah tidak lagi mengimpor bawang merah. Pemerintah mengupayakan untuk produksi bawang merah  di negeri sendiri terlebih dahulu. Tegal merupakan pemekaran Brebes dalam hal produksi bawang merah. Hal ini didukung dengan kondisi fisik dari wilayah Tegal. Tegal merupakan wilayah dengan struktur tanah berupa aluvial, sehingga bawang merah di lokasi ini tumbuh dengan subur. Teknik pemilihan informan dengan snowball sampling yang bermula dari petani. Di mana dalam teknik ini mencari informan lainnya untuk melengkapi informasi dari informan sebelumnya. Pengolahan data berupa data- data yang sudah terkumpul diolah dan diklasifikasikan sesuai dengan kata kunci yang ada. Data-data yang sudah diolah lalu dianalisis untuk kemudian ditarik kesimpulan. Hasil dari penelitian ini ditemukan tiga tengkulak yang terdiri dari tengkulak desa dan tengkulak besar. Tengkulak mendistribusikan bawang merah ke pedagang dan manufaktur. Perbedaan pendapatan terjadi di setiap aktor. Aktor dengan biaya pemasaran terbesar adalah tengkulak karena proses distribusi tengkulak harus mengeluarkan biaya transportasi.

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Shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.) is one of the spices in Indonesia. The increase in  shallot production causes the government to no longer use shallots. The government strives to produce shallots in their own country first. Tegal is a division of Brebes in terms of shallot production. This is supported by the physical requirements of the Tegal region. Tegal is an area with an alluvial soil structure, so shallots in this location grow with suburban. The technique of selecting informants with snowball sampling starts from farmers. Where in this technique look for other information to complete information from previous informants. Data processing consists of data that has been collected and processed in accordance with existing keywords. Data that has been processed and then analyzed for later conclusions. The results of this study found three middlemen consisting of village middlemen and large middlemen. There are brokers who distribute shallots to traders and manufacturers. Income differences occur for each actor. The actor with the biggest marketing cost is the middleman because the middleman distribution process must incur transportation costs.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Kabupaten Probolinggo merupakan salah satu sentra penghasil tanaman bawang merah di Jawa Timur. Tanaman bawang merah menjadi salah satu tanaman holtikultura andalan Kabupaten Probolinggo. Hal ini ditunjukkan dengan nilai produksi tanaman bawang merah yang lebih besar jika dibandingkan dengan tanaman holtikultura lainnya yaitu mencapai 40.234 ton pada tahun 2016 Kabupaten Probolinggo Dalam Angka, 2017 . Tanaman bawang merah sangat bergantung dengan kondisi iklim. Kondisi iklim yang tidak menentu dapat memberikan dampak yang kurang baik terhadap produktivitas bawang merah. Gangguan iklim seperti kekeringan dan hujan lebat ekstrem yang dipengaruhi aktivitas ENSO kemungkinan membawa pengaruh terhadap berubahnya nilai produktvitas bawang merah dari normalnya. Data curah hujan periode El Nino dan La nina serta data produktivitas bawang merah tahun El Nino, Normal dan La Nina akan digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Data curah hujan akan diklasifikasi menjadi kekeringan periode El Nino dan hujan ekstrem periode La Nina. Metode yang digunakan untuk menghitung kekeringan yaitu metode De Boer. Hasil akhir menunjukkan pola iklim ekstrem Kabupaten Probolinggo didominasi oleh iklim ekstrem sedang, sementara iklim ekstrem tinggi hanya berada di beberapa Kecamatan saja. Hasil akhir juga menunjukkan adanya pengaruh dari iklim ekstrem terhadap penurunan produktivitas bawang merah.

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ABSTRACT
Probolinggo regency is one of the centers of shallot production in East Java. Shallot plants become one of the mainstay horticultural crops Probolinggo regency. This is indicated by the higher production value of onion plants compared to other horticultural crops, which reached 40,234 tons in 2016 Probolinggo Dalam Angka, 2017 . Shallot plants are highly dependent on climatic conditions. Uncertain climatic conditions can have an unfavorable impact shallot productivity. Climate anomalies such as droughts and heavy rainfall extreme influenced by ENSO activity may have an effect on the change in shallot productivity value from normal. The rainfall data for the El Nino and La Nina periods as well as the El Nino, Normal and La Nina shallot productivity data will be used in this study. Rainfall data will be classified into El Nino period droughts and the extreme rain of the La Nina period. The method used to calculate the drought is De Boer method. The final result shows that the extreme climate pattern of Probolinggo is dominated by moderate temperate climates, while extreme high temperatures are in only a few sub districts. The end result also shows the influence of extreme climate on the decrease of onion productivity.

Abstrak :
Seed cultivation for true shallot is an alternative for the more common cultivation practice in which 30% of the harvested tubers are used for cultivation purposes. Seed production of this temperate tuber in the tropical region, however, is quite challenging due to its low flowers and seed formation. Several studies have shown that vernalization (cold induction) and application of Benzil Amino Purin (BAP) had improved the flowering and seed production of shallot. However, such studies were conducted during the best cultivation period for about 3 months and thus, limit the production period of seeds during the rainy season. This study was conducted to observe the effect of both methods outside cultivation periods on the flower and capsule numbers, fruit set, and weight of 100 seeds when compared with commonly practiced cultivation during the dry season. The onion bulbs vernalized at 10 oC for 30 days were subjected to synthetic hormone (BAP) prior to planting. The shallot group treated with BAP had the lowest values for all observed parameters, i.e., 1,552.67 number of flowers; 312.11 number of capsules; 22.5% seed set; and 0.2244 g weight of 100 seeds, compared to those in the vernalization treated group, i.e., 1,592.44 number of flowers; 623 number of capsules; 30.5% seed set; 0.2261 g weight of 100 seeds and control group 6,774.67 number of flowers; 3,898.44 number of capsules; 57.06% seed set; 0.3304 g weight of 100 seeds. In conclusion, the commonly practiced cultivation of sowing bulbs directly without vernalization and plant growth regulator treatment is probably the better method to produce shallot seeds during the offseason, the rainy season.