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Abstrak :
It is sometimes thought that a comedy is a play which makes us shake with laughter and that a tragedy is a play at the end of which we will have swollen eyes and lots of wet handkerchiefs. This superficial idea of comedy and tragedy is only partly true, for a comedy is not only meant to excite laughter, nor is a tragedy merely performed to make us cry. Both comedy and tragedy, especially Shakespearian comedy and tragedy are written with a purpose other than that of making us laugh or weep. T he term Shakespearian indicates a play written by William Shakespeare of Stratford-on- Avon, and since drama is in Hamlet's words to hold the mirror up to Nature, to show virtue her own feature... it should help people to see them-selves as they really are. Drama should also reveal to them their virtues and vices.Comedy has been said to be beneficial because it:1.cures us of our follies by exposing them on the stage, 2. affords us a chance to laugh at our neighbours. Heywood, cited by Northrop Frye, defines the dual function of comedy as being to reform and to refresh, by which it is clear that, aside from evoking laughter, comedy also reforms. Comedy imi_tates the joys of social life and the follies of those who stubbornly try to maintain their own ridiculous ways against society. The joy of social life is usually manifested in a wedding or a happy reunion at the end of the play. The ten_dency of comedy is to include as many people as possible in its final society, the blocking characters are more often reconciled or converted than simply repudiated.

Abstrak :
'The poet or the novelist can proceed as long as he has pen, ink, and paper, but the dramatist must have players, a stage, and an audience.' A good playwright, if he wants to be successful, must consider his audience. :arlowe'e and Shakespeare's audience was a very miscellaneous one. 'The average :_lieabethan audience ranged from noblemen, like the young Earl of Southampton, who were daily frequenters of playhouses, to the rabble of apprentice and cutpurecs, who cracked nuts and fought for bitten apples in the pit.' According to : ,en Joneon, a popular playwright had to present something which would: 'Be fit for ladies, some for lords, knights, 'squires; Some for your waiting wench and city wires; Some for your men and daughters of Whitefriare.' (Prologue to : picoene).13th '.arlowe and ,_;hakespeare tried to satisfy their own artistic impulse as well as the different tastes of their audience. A section among the audience, which was called the groundlings, had a great influence on the provision of the comic scenes in - arlowe' e and ahakespeare's tragedies, They were the less educated and less sophisticated masses among the playgoers. -`arce was very much appreciated by these people, even if it was in a tragedy. ='igures like .agner or the horse-courser in :'tau tue, the servants of L,enocrate and ,abina in ,Tanburlaine, or the gravediggers in Hamlet and the porter in ,:acbeth and :ad Tom in Lear were familiar to them from their daily lif...