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Abstrak :
The Background
Benjamin Franklin and Thomas Paine have been known in history as American Enlightenment thinkers. They were enlightened in that they believed that man was the source of moral good; that man was sanctified. This roseate view of man was opposed to the pre-Enlightenment ecclesiastical concept that man was depraved and sinful. Franklin as the "person who epitomized the Enlightenment" rejected this latter dogma; instead, he advocated the notion of self-reliant individualism in religion. In his autobiography, he stated that religiosity did not bind any person to a particular church; man should rely on his own judgment of what was good or bad for himself. Furthermore, religion to Franklin simply meant "doing good to others", and "loving mankind".

Like Franklin, Thomas Paine viewed religion not so much as one's adherence to church membership as the belief in one's instinct and conscience to decide his religious faith. Paine maintained the sanctity of the individual in that he considered the individual as the source of moral value, competent to judge the effects of his own actions. Paine wrote in his book "The Age of Reason, ... my own, mind is my own church...".

Self-reliant individualism was central in most of Franklin's and Paine's writings. Franklin's autobiography not only emphasized the idea but it also helped Americans cultivate their own sense of self-reliance. To Franklin, to be self-reliant was to have self-discipline, work hard and above all, not depend on others because the individual had great potential to develop himself materially as well as intellectually. Like Franklin, Paine also advocated the concept of self-reliant individualism and its cultivation in man. According to Paine, as stated in The Age of Reason, the objective of his writings was to give man an elevated sense of his own character and dignity. Through his conscience and moral virtue, Paine contended, man could guide himself to good deeds. Equally important in the writings of these great American thinkers was the fact that through their adherence to the sanctity of the individual, they made many 18th century Americans realize that they were capable of ruling themselves.

At the American Studies Center, University of Indonesia, Franklin's and Paine's writings have been extensively discussed in the " Introduction to American Literature,""History of, American Thought," and "Introduction to American Studies" courses. This was how I became acquainted with these two great American philosopher?

Abstrak :
Kemandirian klien pemasyarakatan dapat terwujud apabila klien mendapatkan pendampingan yang baik dari orang terdekatnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan perilaku mandiri klien pemasyarakatan dalam proses pengembangan kemandirian, mengetahui bentuk pendampingan sosial yang diterima oleh klien pemasyarakatan guna pengembangan kemandirian serta pelaksanaan bimbingan kemandirian di Bapas Kelas I Jakarta Pusat guna mendukung pengembangan kemandirian klien pemasyarakatan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan desain deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan studi literatur, wawancara mendalam dan observasi, sedangkan informan dalam penelitian ini adalah tujuh orang klien dewasa yang telah bekerja, dua orang anggota keluarga klien, satu orang tokoh masyarakat, dan tiga orang pembimbing kemasyarakatan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa masih ada klien yang mendapatkan stigma negatif dari masyarakat, namun klien mampu mengembangkan kemandiriannya berkat pendampingan yang diberikan dari orang terdekatnya. Klien yang telah mandiri memiliki perilaku mampu mengidentifikasi dan memecahkan masalah, menguatkan diri untuk menjadi lebih baik, mampu mengembangkan potensi diri serta mampu mengakses lapangan pekerjaan sesuai keterampilan yang dimiliki. Selain itu, klien juga mendapatkan pendampingan dari keluarga dan pembimbing kemasyarakatannya berupa sikap menerima klien kembali, dukungan, saran serta informasi yang berhubungan dengan pengembangan potensi dirinya. Klien belum mendapatkan pendampingan sosial dari masyarakat karena ada rasa ketidakpedulian masyarakat terhadap upaya klien untuk mandiri. Masyarakat sekitar tempat tinggal klien hanya sebatas memenuhi hak sosial klien dengan menerima kembali keberadaan klien di lingkungan dan belum memberikan perhatian lebih terhadap pengembangan kemandiriannya.

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The self-reliance of correctional clients can be realized if the client gets good assistance from the people closest to him. This study aims to describe the self-reliance behavior of correctional clients in the process of developing self-reliance, to find out the forms of social assistance received by correctional clients for the development of self-reliance and the implementation of self-reliance guidance at Correctional Center in Central Jakarta for supporting correctional client independence development. This study uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive design. Data gathering techniques include literature and documentary search, in-depth interviews and observations, while the informants in this study were seven adult clients who had worked, two members of the clients family, one community leader, and three community counselors. This study result described that there are still clients who get a negatif stigma from the community, but clients are able to develop their self-reliance thanks to the assistance provided from their closest people.The client who has independent has a behavior able to identified and solved their problem, reinforced themselves to be better, be able to developing their potency and be able to has a job accessed which could appropriate with their skills. Moreover, the clients also got a good social assistance from their family and community mentors in the form of accepting returning clients, support, advices and information which connected with their potential development. The client has not received social assistance from the community because there is a sense of public indifference to the clients efforts to be independent.Their neighborhood society just fulfilled client social rights with reacceptance them in society and has not paid more attention to the development of its self-reliance.

Abstrak :
Self Reliance Inventory merupakan salah satu alat ukur rasa kemandirian yang banyak digunakan dalam penelitian mengenai stres kerja. Sejauh ini belum ditemukan adaptasi Self Reliance Inventory dalam bahasa Indonesia, meskipun alat ukur tersebut telah dikembangkan menjadi 2 versi (2 indikator dan 3 indikator). Adaptasi Self Reliance Inventory diperlukan karena selama kurun waktu 10 tahun terakhir penelitian yang mengukur konstruk tersebut menggunakan alat ukur yang kurang spesifik pada rasa kemandirian di tempat kerja. Self Reliance Inventory versi 2 indikator (tidak ketergantungan dan ketergantungan) terdiri dari 20 item. Dalam penelitian ini, alat ukur tersebut diadaptasi melalui 6 tahap berdasarkan panduan adaptasi alat ukur lintas budaya. Berdasarkan uji coba terhadap 50 karyawan di Indonesia, diperoleh nilai koefisien reliabilitas sebesar 0,65 pada indikator tidak ketergantungan dan sebesar 0,75 pada indikator ketergantungan. Dengan demikian, hasil adaptasi alat ukur rasa kemandirian dapat digunakan untuk penelitian mendatang guna memprediksi berbagai variabel seperti stres kerja, intensi turn over, tekanan kerja, serta organizational citizenship behavior pada karyawan di Indonesia.

Abstrak :
Internet sudah tidak dapat dilepaskan dari kehidupan manusia, terutama pada generasi yang tumbuh bersama teknologi. Penggunaan internet yang tidak diatur dapat berujung pada adiksi yang lebih jauh lagi menimbulkan berbagai dampak negatif. Sebelum mencapai kondisi adiksi pun, penggunaan internet yang tidak diatur dapat menyebabkan masalah-masalah akademis. Penggunaan internet yang tidak diatur disebabkan oleh kurangnya regulasi diri. Telah banyak penelitian yang membuktikan keterkaitan antara regulasi diri dan penggunaan internet, namun belum ada penelitian aplikatif yang menjadikan regulasi diri sebagai upaya intervensi preventif untuk mencegah dampak negatif dari penggunaan internet. Dalam konteks intervensi, penggunaan internet merupakan perilaku akhir yang menjadi sasaran perubahan, yang salah satunya ditentukan oleh efikasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyusun intervensi regulasi diri dan menguji efektivitasnya dalam meningkatkan efikasi regulasi diri penggunaan internet pada remaja. Berdasarkan hasil uji statistik Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test terhadap 19 orang partisipan intervensi dari SMP X, diketahui bahwa program pelatihan intervensi regulasi diri efektif untuk meningkatkan efikasi regulasi diri penggunaan internet pada remaja. Meningkatnya efikasi regulasi diri penggunaan internet diharapkan dapat menjadi salah satu langkah awal agar remaja mampu mengelola penggunaan internetnya. ......The internet has become an inseparable part of human life, especially among generation Z who grew up with technology. Unregulated internet use can lead to addiction that further leads to various negative impacts. Even before reaching the state of addiction, unregulated internet use can cause academic problems. Unregulated internet use stems from normal but impulsive use, which is caused by a lack of self-regulation. There have been many studies that prove the relation between self-regulation and internet use, but there is little applicable research that use self-regulation theory as a basis to design interventions to prevent the negative effects of internet use. In the context of intervention, internet usage is the target behavior, one of which is determined by level of efficacy. This study aims to develop a self-regulation intervention and test its effectiveness to increase the self-regulatory efficacy of internet use among teenagers. Based on Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test statistical analysis, it is shown that self-regulated internet use efficacy after the intervention increases significantly compared to before intervention. This efficacy increase is expected to be one of the initial steps to help teenagers self-regulate their internet use.

Abstrak :
ABSTRACT
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peranan self-related work commitment sebagai variabel moderator pada hubungan antara trait kepribadian Machiavellianisme dan perilaku kerja inovatif. Data diperoleh dari 196 karyawan di beberapa perusahaan yang bergerak di bidang industri kreatif dan dianalisis menggunakan teknik analisis statistik regresi dengan program Macro Hayes PROCESS dalam SPSS Statistics 22. Skala perilaku kerja inovatif dari Janssen 2000 yang telah diadaptasi oleh Etikariena dan Muluk 2014 ?=0.82 digunakan untuk mengukur perilaku inovatif di tempat kerja, Machiavellian Personality Scale yang diadaptasi dari Dahling dkk 2009 ?=0.89 digunakan untuk mengukur kecenderungan trait kepribadian Machiavellianisme, dan alat ukur Employee Commitment yang diadaptasi dari Zettler dkk 2011 ?=0.94 digunakan untuk mengukur self-related work commitment. Analisis moderasi menunjukkan bahwa self-related work commitment tidak dapat berperan sebagai moderator yang memperkuat hubungan antara trait kepribadian Machiavellianisme dan perilaku kerja inovatif. Implikasi secara teoretis dan praktis akan dibahas dalam penelitian ini.

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ABSTRACT
This study aims to determine the moderating role of self related work commitment on the relationship between Machiavellianism personality trait and Innovative Work Behavior. Data were collected among 196 employees from various creative industry companies and were analyzed using statistical regression analysis technique with Hayes PROCESS Macro program on SPSS Statistics 22. Innovative Work Behavior Scale from Janssen 2000 that has been adapted by Etikariena and Muluk 2014 was used 0.82 to measure innovative behavior in the workplace, Machiavellian Personality Scale from Dahling dkk 2009 was used to measure Machiavellianism personality trait 0.89 , and Employee Commitment from Zettler dkk 2011 was used to measure self related work commitment 0.94 . Moderation analysis showed that self related work commitment have no significant role on enhancing the positive relationship between Machiavellianism and Innovative Work Behavior. Theoretical and practical implications were discussed.

Abstrak :
Dengan struktur pasar monopsoni, industri pertahanan memiliki karakter yang berbeda dengan industri lain. Karakteristik tersebut membuat pemerintah sering melakukan intervensi terhadap aktivitas industri pertahanan. Secara umum penelitian ini berusaha melihat hubungan intervensi pemerintah dengan kemandirian industri pertahanan di Indonesia. Melalui metode kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian eksplanatif, penelitian ini melihat bagaimana program revitalisasi industri pertahanan mempunyai pengaruh terhadap kemandirian PT. Pindad. Melalui analisis dengan menggunakan teori proteksionisme yang diturunkan melalui bentuk hambatan perdagangan, hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa intervensi mempunyai dampak langsung kepada PT. Pindad. Intervensi yang bersifat parsial menyebabkan ketidaklarasan intervensi dengan kemandirian industri pertahanan.

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With monopsony market structure, the defense industry has different characters to other industries. These characteristics make the government intervenes in the activities of the defense industry. In general, this study depicts to see the relationship of government intervention to the defense industry?s self-reliance in Indonesia. Through qualitative methods with the kind of explanatory research, this research examines how the defense industry revitalization program has an effect on the authonomy of PT. Pindad. Through analysis using the theory of protectionism that is derived through a form of trade barriers, the results of this study suggests that interventions have a direct impact to PT. Pindad. Partial intervention causes discordance between the goal of the intervention and defense industry's self-reliance.