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"[ABSTRAKIntelligent Transportation System (ITS) adalah salah satu teknologi yang mengintegrasikan antar sistem informasi dan teknologi komunikasi dengan infrastruktur transportasi, kendaraan, dan pengguna jalan. Salah satu implementasi teknologi Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) adalah Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET). VANET merupakan sistem komunikasi kendaraan yang mendukung untuk komunikasi Vehicle to Infrastructure (V2I) dan Vehicle to Vehicle (V2V). Sebagai bagian dari Intelligent Transportation System (ITS), komunikasi kendaraan dalam jaringan VANET dapat lebih efektif dalam menghindari kecelakaan dan kemacetan lalu lintas dari pada jika setiap kendaraan mencoba untuk memecahkan masalah ini secara individual.Standar IEEE 1609.4 didefinisikan sebagai mode operasi Multikanal jaringan VANET pada lapisan Medium Access Control (MAC) yang terdiri dari tujuh kanal frekuensi yang berbeda, yaitu satu kanal CCH178 akan dialokasikan untuk Control Channel (CCH), yang digunakan sebagai kanal publik untuk aplikasi keamanan yang relevan di jalan. Enam kanal ya ng lainnya dialokasikan untuk Service Channel (SCH), yang digunakan sebagai kanal untuk menangani layanan multimedia dan yang tidak berhubungan dengan keamanan di jalan. Salah satu permasalahan dalam penjaminan kinerja pada IEEE 1609.4 adalah tingginya mobilitas node kendaraan dan perubahan lintasan yang berbeda. Hal ini menyebabkan delay yang tinggi dan throughput yang rendah. Peningkatan kinerja pada standar IEEE 1609.4 dapat dilakukan dengan optimasi pada proses sinkronisasi interval kanal CCH dan SCH.Pada disertasi ini dikembangkan model baru Markov chain yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kinerja sistem koordinasi kanal dinamis pada standar multikanal IEEE 1609.4 terhadap pengaruh anomali kinerja, slot anomali, efek Doppler, fading Nakagami dan AWGN. Perbaikan kinerja yang dilakukan terhadap pengaruh diatas adalah dengan menggunakan nilai awal optimal Contention Window (CW). Penentuan nilai awal CW akan mempengaruhi kinerja yang dihasilkan pada model Markov chain yang digunakan. Nilai awal optimal CW didapatkan dari hasil distribusi node di setiap zone dengan menggunakan distribusi Poisson.Dari hasil simulasi dan evaluasi kinerja yang dihasilkan, dapat dianalisa bahwa model DCF yang diajukan pada disertasi ini dapat menurunkan nilai delay transmisi CCH terhadap adanya kanal propagasi Nakagami dengan rata-rata (mean) sebesar 16.84 %. Selanjutnya, dapat disimpulkan bahwa kinerja yang dihasilkan pada model Markov chain dengan menggunakan nilai awal optimal CW didapatkan meningkatkan nilai Aggregate Throughput sebesar 42.53% dibandingkan dengan model yang diajukan oleh Wang. Sedangkan model DCF yang diajukan meningkatkan nilai probabilitas transmisi paket WAVE Service Advertisement (WSA) terhadap fenomena anomalous slot dengan persentase kenaikan rata-rata (mean) sebesar 11.35 %. Selanjutnya, dapat dianalisa bahwa model DCF yang diajukan meningkatkan nilai interval waktu dari akses contention kanal CCH terhadap efek Doppler dengan persentase kenaikan rata-rata (mean) sebesar 11.31 %;

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ABSTRACTIntelligent Transportation System (ITS) is one of the technologies that integrate information systems and communication technologies with transportation infrastructures, vehicles and road users. One implementation of the Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) is Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET). VANET is a vehicle communication system which supports Vehicle to Infrastructure (V2I) and Vehicle to Vehicle (V2V) communication. As a part of the Intelligent Transportation System (ITS), vehicles communication in VANET networks can be more effective in avoiding accidents and traffic congestion than if each vehicle try to solve this problem individually.The IEEE 1609.4 standard is defined as the multichannel operation mode of VANET on Medium Access Control (MAC) layer. One of the problems in guaranteeing the performance of the IEEE 1609.4 is the high vehicular node mobility and different trajectory changes. These cause high delay and low throughput. Services Quality assurance to the IEEE 1609.4 standard can be done using optimizing the synchronization process of CCH and SCH channel intervals so that delay can be reduced and throughput saturation of SCH channel can be increased.In this dissertation a new model of the Markov chain will be developed which aims to evaluate the performance of dynamic channel coordination system on the IEEE 1609.4 multichannel standard against performance anomalies influences, slot anomalies, the Doppler Effect, Nakagami fading and Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN). The performance improvements that is done to the effect above is to use the optimal initial value of Contention Window (CW). This is consistent with previous studies that have been done, the determination of the initial value of Contention Window (CW) will affect the resulting performance of the used Markov chain model. Optimal initial value Contention Window (CW) is obtained from the distribution of nodes in each zone by using the Poisson distribution.From the simulation and performance evaluation results, it can be concluded that the DCF model in this dissertation can reduce the CCH transmission delay against the propagation channel Nakagami with an average of 16.84%. Moreover, it can be concluded that the performance of the resulting Markov chain model using the optimal initial value obtained CW increases value Aggregate Throughput of 42.8% against the effects of the anomaly performance. Meanwhile, the probability of packet transmission WSA influenced by anomalous slot with the percentage of mean increases approximately 11.35 %. Furthermore, it can be analyzed that the DCF model proposed result is the time interval CCH access contention influenced by anomalous slot with the percentage of mean increases approximately 11.31%;Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) is one of the technologies that integrate information systems and communication technologies with transportation infrastructures, vehicles and road users. One implementation of the Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) is Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET). VANET is a vehicle communication system which supports Vehicle to Infrastructure (V2I) and Vehicle to Vehicle (V2V) communication. As a part of the Intelligent Transportation System (ITS), vehicles communication in VANET networks can be more effective in avoiding accidents and traffic congestion than if each vehicle try to solve this problem individually.The IEEE 1609.4 standard is defined as the multichannel operation mode of VANET on Medium Access Control (MAC) layer. One of the problems in guaranteeing the performance of the IEEE 1609.4 is the high vehicular node mobility and different trajectory changes. These cause high delay and low throughput. Services Quality assurance to the IEEE 1609.4 standard can be done using optimizing the synchronization process of CCH and SCH channel intervals so that delay can be reduced and throughput saturation of SCH channel can be increased.In this dissertation a new model of the Markov chain will be developed which aims to evaluate the performance of dynamic channel coordination system on the IEEE 1609.4 multichannel standard against performance anomalies influences, slot anomalies, the Doppler Effect, Nakagami fading and Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN). The performance improvements that is done to the effect above is to use the optimal initial value of Contention Window (CW). This is consistent with previous studies that have been done, the determination of the initial value of Contention Window (CW) will affect the resulting performance of the used Markov chain model. Optimal initial value Contention Window (CW) is obtained from the distribution of nodes in each zone by using the Poisson distribution.From the simulation and performance evaluation results, it can be concluded that the DCF model in this dissertation can reduce the CCH transmission delay against the propagation channel Nakagami with an average of 16.84%. Moreover, it can be concluded that the performance of the resulting Markov chain model using the optimal initial value obtained CW increases value Aggregate Throughput of 42.8% against the effects of the anomaly performance. Meanwhile, the probability of packet transmission WSA influenced by anomalous slot with the percentage of mean increases approximately 11.35 %. Furthermore, it can be analyzed that the DCF model proposed result is the time interval CCH access contention influenced by anomalous slot with the percentage of mean increases approximately 11.31%, Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) is one of the technologies that integrate information systems and communication technologies with transportation infrastructures, vehicles and road users. One implementation of the Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) is Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET). VANET is a vehicle communication system which supports Vehicle to Infrastructure (V2I) and Vehicle to Vehicle (V2V) communication. As a part of the Intelligent Transportation System (ITS), vehicles communication in VANET networks can be more effective in avoiding accidents and traffic congestion than if each vehicle try to solve this problem individually.The IEEE 1609.4 standard is defined as the multichannel operation mode of VANET on Medium Access Control (MAC) layer. One of the problems in guaranteeing the performance of the IEEE 1609.4 is the high vehicular node mobility and different trajectory changes. These cause high delay and low throughput. Services Quality assurance to the IEEE 1609.4 standard can be done using optimizing the synchronization process of CCH and SCH channel intervals so that delay can be reduced and throughput saturation of SCH channel can be increased.In this dissertation a new model of the Markov chain will be developed which aims to evaluate the performance of dynamic channel coordination system on the IEEE 1609.4 multichannel standard against performance anomalies influences, slot anomalies, the Doppler Effect, Nakagami fading and Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN). The performance improvements that is done to the effect above is to use the optimal initial value of Contention Window (CW). This is consistent with previous studies that have been done, the determination of the initial value of Contention Window (CW) will affect the resulting performance of the used Markov chain model. Optimal initial value Contention Window (CW) is obtained from the distribution of nodes in each zone by using the Poisson distribution.From the simulation and performance evaluation results, it can be concluded that the DCF model in this dissertation can reduce the CCH transmission delay against the propagation channel Nakagami with an average of 16.84%. Moreover, it can be concluded that the performance of the resulting Markov chain model using the optimal initial value obtained CW increases value Aggregate Throughput of 42.8% against the effects of the anomaly performance. Meanwhile, the probability of packet transmission WSA influenced by anomalous slot with the percentage of mean increases approximately 11.35 %. Furthermore, it can be analyzed that the DCF model proposed result is the time interval CCH access contention influenced by anomalous slot with the percentage of mean increases approximately 11.31%]"

"Tesis ini dibuat untuk memastikan apakah metode dollar-weighted-return (DWR) sesuai untuk mengukur imbal hasil investor yang sebenarnya pada sahamsaham JII (Jakarta Islamic Index). Time-weighted-return (TWR) yang lebih umum digunakan pada dasarnya adalah imbal hasil buy-and-hold. Padahal, imbal hasil investor saham juga tergantung pada arus modal dari dan ke investor sepanjang periode investasi. Maka, TWR tidak sesuai untuk mengukur imbal hasil investor saham yang melakukan active trading sepanjang periode investasi. Sementara, DWR dihitung sebagai internal rate of return (IRR) dari sebuah proyek investasi dengan memperhitungkan arus modal di setiap periode. Karena itu, DWR lebih sesuai untuk mengukur kinerja investasi dari sisi pandang investor.Hasil empiris menunjukkan bahwa TWR dari saham-saham JII lebih besar daripada DWR. Selisihnya (tahunan) adalah 2%. Hasil penelitian ini juga menemukan korelasi antara arus modal investor dengan imbal hasil sebelum dan sesudah, yang menunjukkan bahwa investor saham-saham JII cenderung melakukan active trading secara reaktif, yaitu menambah modal setelah imbal hasil yang tinggi dan sebelum imbal hasil yang rendah. Maka, temuan dari tesis ini memastikan bahwa DWR sesuai untuk mengukur imbal hasil investor saham-saham JII.

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This thesis is developed to test whether dollar-weighted-return (DWR) method is suitable for measuring actual investor?s returns on JII (Jakarta Islamic Index) stocks. The time-weighted-return (TWR), that is more commonly used is basically buy-and-hold return. However, the returns of stock investor also depend on the capital flow from and to investors during the investment period. Thus, TWR is not suitable to measure return of the stocks for investors who perform active trading during the investment period. On the other hand, DWR is computed as internal rate of return (IRR) from an investment project by taking into account the capital flow in every period. Therefore, DWR is suitable for measuring investment performance from the investor?s point of view.The empirical result shows that TWR of JII stocks is higher than its DWR. The annual difference is 2%. The result of this study also find correlation between investors? capital flow with past and future return, which shows investors of JII stocks tend to perform active trading reactively, i.e., add capital after high return and before low return. Thus, the finding of this thesis ensures that DWR is suitable to measure actual investor?s returns on JII stocks."

"Program PEMP KKP bertujuan meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat pesisir melalui penguatan Lembaga Keuangan Mikro (LKM), serta penggalangan partisipasi masyarakat berbasis sumber daya lokal. Program tersebut dirancang menggunakan pendekatan kelembagaan, yakni dengan membangun Koperasi Lembaga Ekonomi Pengembangan Pesisir - Mikro Mitra Mina (LEPP-M3). Salah satu kegiatannya adalah Swamitra Mina yang bermitra dengan Bank Bukopin. Cilincing dan Muara Gembong merupakan lokasi penerima program PEMP. Cilincing dan Muara Gembong mempunyai karekteristik yang sama yaitu wilayahnya berada di pantura, sebagian besar penduduknya berasal dari jawa, mempunyai permasalahan kredit macet yang dipengaruhi oleh cuaca yang buruk, serta permasalahan rentenir. Namun kredit bermasalah yang terjadi di Swamitra Mina Pantura Jaya lebih kecil dibandingkan dengan Swamitra Mina Mitra Usaha. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis proses faktor-faktor yang menjadi pendukung dan kendala di 2 swamitra mina, menganalisis dampak program PEMP terhadap peningkatan kesejahteraan, dan memberikan masukan/rekomendasi untuk perbaikan program di 2 swamitra mina tersebut, melalui analisis kualitatif dan analisis SWOT. Penelitian ini menggambarkan karakteristik masyarakat Cilincing dan Muara Gembong, serta menguraikan kinerja Swamitra Mina Pantura Jaya dan Swamitra Mina Mitra Usaha. Selanjutnya dilakukan identifikasi permasalahan, penentuan skala prioritas permasalahan berdasarkan pohon masalah, kemudian menentukan alternatif solusi yang dianalisa dengan SWOT untuk didapatkan solusi terbaik. Berdasarkan hasil penetapan solusi terbaik maka diusulkan rekomendasi dengan membuat skenario action plan. Rekomendasi tersebut adalah penyelesaian kredit bermasalah melalui rescheduling, reconditioning, dan restructuring.

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This thesis has aim generally to analyze the implementation of Economic Empowerment for Coastal Community (PEMP) Program by describing, identifying and analyzing the project recipients, Swamitra Mina Pantura Jaya and Swamitra Mina Mitra Usaha. PEMP Program which was initiated by the Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries Republic of Indonesia conducted with purpose to increase coastal community welfare through empowering Micro Finance Institution (LKM) and enhancing community?s participation in economic activites by using local resources. This program has employed institutional-based approach by establishing a Cooperative institution namely Koperasi Lembaga Ekonomi Pengembangan Pesisir - Mikro Mitra Mina (LEPP-M3) which together with Bank Bukopin launched Swamitra Mina sheme. Cilincing and Muara Gembong as recipent location have a same condition as follows: located along north java seaside, predominantly with small scale and seasonal fisher's from javanese ethnic, and have a longtime problem with rentenir (lender money). All these factors have considerable role in creating credit problem although, based on the observation, credit problem in Swamitra Mina Pantura Jaya Group is smaller than Swamitra Mina Mitra Usaha. This thesis has purposes i.e: (i) to analyze factors that have contribution to the credit problem of these two group of fisheres (ii) to analyze the impact of PEMP Program to the community welfare and (iii). To provide recommmendation for the project implementation improvement. In achievening the purposes, this thesis will emply SWOT analysis. At the outset, this thesis identify the problem and prioritize the problem scale by using problem tree. Best alternative solutions will be determined by using SWOT. Based on the study, the best solution recommended to overcome fishers? credit problem is to make action plan which consider rescheduling, reconditioning, and restructuring as problem solving."

"Tesis ini membahas skema Single Area Payment Scheme (SAPS) yang diberlakukan kepada sembilan negara anggota Uni Eropa (UE-9) yang merupakan negara eks-sosialis. Skema tersebut memberikan pembayaran langsung secara bertahap kepada UE-9, dan dengan persentase awal yang rendah. UE-9 keberatan akan skema ini dengan anggapan akan memberatkan pertumbuhan dari sektor pertaniannya. Hal ini mengingat pembayaran secara penuh (100 persen) baru akan diberikan pada tahun 2013, untuk kelompok Visegrad dan tiga negara Baltik, sedangkan Bulgaria dan Rumania akan diberikan penuh pada tahun 2016. Dengan analisa dan penghitungan nilai Revealed Comparative Advantage terhadap faktor produksi dan komoditas pertanian UE-9, maka akan terlihat apakah skema ini sebenarnya menghambat atau tidak.

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EU-9, which is the ex-socialist countries, has been applied the Single Area Payment Scheme (SAPS) since 2004. The debate happened to the scheme, especially with the phased-in payment. EU-9 have a minimum starting level of payment with 25 percent in 2004, and will be fully given (100 percent) in 2013. Bulgaria and Rumania have different percentage according to the year their entered UE, with 35 percent in 2009 and will be 100 percent in 2016. They see it as an unfair treatment since they need it full as their agricultural sector still have to be developed. EU-15, as the old member states, applied for the SPS, as the different scheme. The differences between the scheme are the payment percent and the liabilities. Since UE-9 have given the phased-in level of direct payment, it could be hampered the agriculture sector to grow. By counting and analysing the potential of factor production and comparative advantage by using RCA score, the effect of SAPS could be known."

"This study investigates socioeconomic, cultural, demographic and programmatic factors influencing contraceptive choice in Indonesia using the 1987 National Indonesia Contraceptive Prevalence Survey (NICPS) and 1991 Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data. The study shows a consistency of factors affecting current method used across the two surveys using Bulatao's conceptual scheme (1989). These factors are the number of living children, fertility intentions, age at survey, duration of marriage, education, current work status, religion, the province and place of residence, whether a programme implementer visits in the six months before the survey; whether a woman has regular access to the mass media and her husband 's occupation. Higher number of living children and not wanting any more children are related to a greater choice of long-term methods and less choice of short-term; and traditional methods-results compatible with a greater need for limiting childbirth rather than spacing. Religiousness is identified with greater preference for short-ten-n methods as these methods can be used by the users themselves without having to see a male doctor. Access is related to preference for long-term methods. The preference in the rural areas for long- term methods in fact is higher than in the urban areas, resulting from the strong promotion and provision of these methods there."

"This study investigetes socioeconomic, cultural. demographic and programmatic factors influencing contraceptive choice in Indonesia using the 1987 National Indonesia contraceptive prevalence suvey (DHS) data. The study shows a consistency of factors affecting current method used across the two surveys using Bulatoo's conceptual scheme (1989). These factors are the number of living children, fertility intentions, age at survey, duration of marriage, education, current work status, relagion, the province and place of residence,whether a programme implementer visits in the six months before the survey, whether a woman has reguler access to the mass media and her husband's accupation. Higher number of living children and not wanting any more children are related to a greater choice of long-term methods and less choice of shprt-term; and traditional methods-results compatible with a greater need for limiting childbird rather than spacing, Religiousness is identified with greater preference for short-term methods as these methods can be used by the users themselves without having to see a male doctor. Access in related to preference for long methods. The preference in the rural areas for long-term methods in fact is higher than in the urban areas, resulting from the strong promotion and provision of these methods there."