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Abstrak :
Indonesia, Thailand dan Malaysia merupakan negara produsen dan eksportir terbesar di dunia dengan share produksi dart ekspor dunia sebesar 70% dan 60%. Pada tahun 2001, mereka membentuk ITRO dengan tujuan mengatur produksi dan harga intemasional karet alam. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, pembentukan ITRO dapat dilihat sebagai aiscriminatory trade policy yang dibuat olch negara anggotanya dalam bentuk skema oligopoli. Tesis ini bertujuan untuk rncnganalisa hubungan antam skema oligopoli melalui pcmbentukan ITRO dengan FDI inflow dari negara non anggota di industri karet Serta faktor-faktor utama lainnya dari FDI inflow di industri karet. Metodologi yang digunakan adalah metode data panel yaitu model efek tetap dengan cakupan periode 1990-2007. Hasil penelitian membuktikan bahwa pembentukan ITRO, yang direpresentasikan oleh variabel dummy tahun pembentukamlya dan l`aktor-faktor utama yaitu produksi karet alam, PDB riil, nilai tukar riil dan degree of openness memiliki hubungan positif terhadap FDI inflow di industri karet di ketiga negara tersebut (Indonesia, Thailand dan Malaysia).

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As the top three largest producers and exporters of natural rubber covering over 70% of world production and 60% of world exporters, Indonesia, Thailand and Malaysia had agreed to establish the Intemational Tripartite Rubber Organization (ITRO) in 2001 to control the quantity of rubber supply and hence the price of mbber. ITRO can therefore be seen as a discriminatory trade policy developed by member countries in the fonn of oligopoly. This study aims to analyse the relationship between this oligopoly scheme through the implementation of ITRO with FDI inflow from non member to member states in rubber products industry, as well as with other factors using panel data observation, i.e. the fixed effect model, for the three member of the organization over the period of 1990-2007. This study shows that the implementation of the oligopoly scheme fiom the tripartite member countries, represented by the dummy variable of the time of ITRO implementation, positively affect FDI inflow on rubber products industry. In addition, it also proves that natural rubber production, RGDP, real exchange rate and degree of openness have a positive influence in encouraging 1'-'DI inflow on rubber products industry in the tripartite member countries.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Pengusahaan karet rakyat masih menghadapi dua permasalahan mendasar yaitu rendahnya kualitas bahan olah karet bokar dan rendahnya penghasilan petani. Hal ini diduga karena belum terbentuknya sinergi diantara para pemangku kepentingan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis indikator dan variabel peran pemangku kepentingan, yaitu pemerintah, industri karet remah, dan lembaga pemberi bantuan dalam mewujudkan sustainabilitas pengusahaan karet serta merumuskan kerangka konsep pengembangan sinergi peran pemangku kepentingan tersebut. The Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Model PLS-SEM digunakan untuk menganalisis signifikansi hubungan indikator-variabel dan hubungan antar variabel peran pemangku kepentingan pengusahaan karet rakyat di Kabupaten Pulang Pisau Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peran lembaga pemberi bantuan signifikan dalam mewujudkan sustainabilitas pengusahaan karet rakyat, namun tidak demikian halnya dengan peran pemerintah dan peran industri karet remah. Sebuah kerangka konseptual pengembangan sinergi peran pemangku kepentingan pengusahaan karet rakyat telah dirumuskan melalui penelitian ini.

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ABSTRACT
Rubber smallholding has been facing two substantial issues i.e. low quality rubber and low farmer income. These problems are presumably caused by the absence of synergy among stakeholders. This research is aimed at analyzing indicators as well as variables of roles of government, crumb rubber industry and aid agency in establishing sustainability of rubber smallholding as well as at constructing a conceptual framework for synergy development of the stakeholder rsquo;s role. The Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Model PLS-SEM is employed to analyze significance of indicator-variable and inter variable relations in Pulang Pisau District of Indonesia rsquo;s Central Kalimantan Province. The result shows that role of aid agency significantly determines sustainability of rubber smallholding. However, it is neither the case with role of government nor the crumb rubber industry. A conceptual framework for developing synergy among stakeholders has been formulated out of this research.