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"Kecelakaan berkendara menyebabkan sekitar 1.3 juta orang meninggal dan sekitar 20-50 juta orang mengalami cedera non-fatal setiap tahun nya, salah satu factor utama penyebabnya adalah human error. Komunikasi V2X merupakan salah satu teknologi yang dikembangkan dengan harapan dapat mengurangi kecelakaan akibat human error dan juga diharapkan akan dapat diaplikasikan dalam autonomous driving. Akan tetapi antena untuk komunikasi V2X masih perlu banyak perkembangan dan masih belum banyak dipakai di kendaraan yang sudah beredar di pasar, karena itu penelitian ini diharapkan dapat berkontribusi pada bidang ini. Untuk mendapatkan performa sistem yang baik diperlukan antena yang mempunyai kemampuan beamsteering. Pada penelitian ini dibuat antena susun microstrip yang bekerja pada frekuensi 5,9 GHz dan memiliki kemampuan beamsteering yang dapat meningkatkan keandalan dari antena V2X. Berdasarkan hasil yang sudah disimulasikan, antena sudah berhasil bekerja di 5,9 GHz dan memiliki gain yang cukup tinggi di kisaran 8-11 dBi tergantung konfigurasi yang sedang digunakan, simulasi menunjukan kapabilitas beamsteering telah terdapat pada rancangan dan sudah berhasil melakukan pembelokan beam sebanyak 10, 25, dan 40 derajat.

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Road accidents result in approximately 1.3 million fatalities and around 20-50 million non-fatal injuries each year, with human error being a major contributing factor. V2X communication is a technology being developed with the hope of reducing accidents caused by human error and is also expected to be implemented in autonomous driving. However, the development of V2X communication antennas still requires significant advancements, and they are not yet widely used in vehicles currently available in the market. Therefore, this research aims to contribute to this field. To achieve a good system performance, antennas with beamsteering capability are needed. In this study, a microstrip array antenna operating at 5.9 GHz frequency was designed, which possesses beamsteering capability to enhance the reliability of V2X communication. Based on the simulated results, the antenna successfully operated at 5.9 GHz and exhibited a high gain ranging from 8-11 dBi, depending on the configuration used. The simulations demonstrated that the designed antenna has beamsteering capabilities, successfully steering the beam at angles of 10, 25, and 40 degrees."

"Road accident is a leading problem in Indonesia that increases every year. Based on previous studies, mental fatigue is one of the biggest sources of road accident, that is majorly affected by mental workload. Driving duration is one of factors that triggers mental fatigue. Previous literature stated that Electroencephalogram (EEG) measurement is a gold standard to measure fatigue. However, there was limited study that addressing EEG indicators that affected by driving duration, and the previous research still had disagreements regarding the best EEG parameter to measure fatigue. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate driving duration effect towards EEG fluctuation and determine the best EEG parameter related to fatigue. Seven participants were asked three hours driving in medium fidelity simulator. One-way ANOVA and correlation analysis were performed on the analysis to measure the effect of driving duration towards EEG indicator and determine the correlation of indicator. Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) curve was also utilized to determine the best variable that correlates with subjective sleepiness indices. The results showed that in the end of 3 hours driving, there was an increment of delta and theta activities, followed by decrement of alpha and beta activities. In addition, the correlation of all bands were significant, with positive result of alpha-beta band and theta-delta band, and negative result towards each other. Furthermore, results from Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) curve showed that RPR of theta, RPR of alpha, and ratio of ?/?+? as the best indicators among others, that had accuracy of high degree (above 85%)."

"The prevalence of road accidents in Indonesia is still extremely high, with human error being claimed as a major contributing factor. Profiles of the drivers involved in the accidents are not typically available, and studies covering this subject are also limited. In this paper, Indonesian road transportation will be discussed, particularly with respect to traffic accidents and the associated characteristics of the drivers. Also of interest is the description of certain demographic aspects and their relation to road accidents. Data were collected from the news, along with an online survey of 138 commercial drivers, 10% of whom were female). It was found that spending an inordinate amount of time driving per week induces sleepiness and fatigue and is considered as one of the prime causes of accidents. It was also determined that lack of concentration was one of the dominant (~51%) causes. Differences in age, gender, and driving experience did not seem to be related to the likelihood of accidents."

"ABSTRAKKecelakaan lalu lintas adalah peristiwa yang terjadi secara tidak sengaja dan di luar dugaan. Di Indonesia, angka kecelakaan terus mengalami peningkatan setiap tahun dan merugikan lebih dari satu milyar per tahun serta memakan korban lebih dari 800.000 jiwa dalam periode 2014-2018. Jalan Tol Cikopo-Palimanan adalah ruas terpanjang dari jaringan tol Trans-Jawa yang mengkoneksikan pulau Jawa dari Pelabuhan Merak, Banten hingga Pelabuhan Ketapang, Jawa Timur. Dalam langkah pencegahan dan penurunan kecelakaan, diperlukan strategi untuk mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor kecelakaan. Data mining adalah metode pencarian informasi untuk data berjumlah besar. Metode data mining yang digunakan adalah clustering untuk mengurangi heterogenitas data dan association untuk mengidentifikasi hubungan antara faktor kecelakaan. Penelitian ini menemukan ada tiga belas cluster kecelakaan yang kemudian setiap cluster dianalisis menggunakan metode apriori algorithm dengan parameter minimum support 20% dan nilai lift 1.

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ABSTRACT

Traffic accidents are events that occur accidentally and unexpectedly. In Indonesia, the number of accidents continues to increase every year and costs more than one billion per year and claimed more than 800,000 lives in the 2014-2018. Cikopo-Palimanan Toll Road is the longest section of the Tol Trans-Jawa road network that connects Pelabuhan Merak, Banten Pelabuhan Ketapang, East Java. In order to prevent and decrease number of accidents, a strategy is needed to identify accident factors. Data mining is a method of finding information from large amounts of data. Data mining methods used in this study are clustering to reduce data heterogeneity and association to identify the relationship between accident factors. This study found thirteen accident clusters and each cluster was analyzed using apriori algorithm method with a minimum support parameter of 20% and a lift value of 1."