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Abstrak :
Usaha Mikro Kecil Menengah (UMKM) pembuatan alas kaki berperan penting dalam penyerapan tenaga kerja di Indonesia, namun sayangnya peran UMKM tersebut masih belum diimbangi dengan perlindungan Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja (K3) kepada para pekerjanya. Setiap hari para pekerja di UMKM pembuatan alas kaki terpajan dengan berbagai bahan kimia baik melalui inhalasi maupun dermal yang dapat menyebabkan gangguan pernapasan, iritasi mata dan kulit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis risiko kesehatan terkait penggunaan bahan kimia pada pekerja di UMKM pembuatan alas kaki di Ciomas Kabupaten Bogor. Penelitian ini dilakukan di tiga UMKM pembuatan alas kaki di Ciomas – Bogor dengan menggunakan desain penelitian cross sectional dan menggunakan metode Chemical Hazard Risk Assessment dari Department of Safety and Health Malaysia Tahun 2018. Bahan kimia yang dianalisis dibatasi hanya untuk benzene dan toluene. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan mix-method, di mana tahap rekognisi bahaya dan evaluasi pajanan melalui dermal dilakukan dilakukan secara kualitatif, sementara evaluasi pajanan melalui inhalasi dilakukan secara kuantitatif berdasarkan pengukuran personal air sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa level risiko bahan kimia melalui pajanan inhalasi termasuk kedalam level risiko moderat dan tinggi, di mana pajanan inhalasi yang tinggi dapat menyebabkan efek karsinogenik. Sementara melalui pajanan dermal masuk kedalam level risiko moderat, dengan efek kesehatan yang dapat terjadi yaitu, iritasi kulit dan mata. Tingginya pajanan yang diterima pekerja di UMKM alas kaki diperburuk dengan minimnya pengendalian yang dilakukan UMKM terhadap pajanan bahan kimia. ......Micro Small Medium Enterprises (MSME’s) in footwear manufacturing sector contribute to provide jobs in Indonesia, but the role is still not balanced with the protection of Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) for workers. Workers are daily exposed to extensive range of potential chemical occupational hazards either through inhalation or dermal which may lead to respiratory problem, eye and skin irritation. The research aimed to analyze health risks related to the use of chemicals among workers in MSME’s in footwear manufacturing. This research was conducted in three MSME’s in Ciomas - Bogor using cross sectional design and the Chemical Health Risk Assessment method by the Department of Safety and Health Malaysia Year 2018. The chemicals analyzed were limited to benzene and toluene. The data collection technique was carried out using mixmethod: qualitative method for hazard recognition and evaluation of exposure through dermal; and quantitative method for evaluation of exposure through inhalation, based on measurement of personal air sampling. The results showed that the level of risk of chemicals through inhalation exposure is included to the level of moderate and high risk, where high exposure can cause carcinogenic effects. While through dermal exposure is included to the level of moderate risk, with health effects that can occur, namely, skin and eye irritation. The high exposure received by workers in MSME footwear is exacerbated by the lack of control by MSMEs on exposure to chemicals.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini berisi gambaran EWS pada 6-8 jam sebelum kejadian code blue atau kegawatan medis yang terjadi di ruang rawat. Penelitian ini dilakukan di ruang rawat dewasa gedung A RSUPN CM. Populasi penelitiannya adalah seluruh klien dewasa yang dirawat di ruang rawat gedung A.Sampel yang diambil adalah klien dewasa yang mengalami code blue.Desain penelitianyang dibuat adalah berupa deskriptif dan bersifat retrospektif. Data yang dikumpulkan diperoleh dari status klien. Berdasarkan penelitian sebelumnya deteksi dini yang dilakukan sangat berguna untuk mengurangi resiko munculnya henti jantung Duncan Mc Mulan, 2012 . Oleh karena itu maka peneliti tertarik melakukan penelitian dengan judul ldquo;Gambaran Early Warning Score 6-8 jam Sebelum Kejadian Code Blue atau Kegawatan Medis Di Ruang Rawat Dewasa Gedung A RSUPN DR. Cipto Mangunkusumo rdquo.

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ABSTRACT
The prevalency of code blue and mortality in the hospital was being increased.because of that needed a standard to decrease mortality. One of the standard is EarlyWarning Score. The aim of this research was to know description of early warningscore 6 8 hours before code blue in general ward. The sample was 86 clients thathave code blue. The design was descriptive retrospektif. The data analysis wasunivariat. The result show that characteristic median age was 48, median length ofstay of 7 days, the gender male 48. The most of medical diagnosis are cancer andleukemia 22. The reason of emergency calling almost was respiratory distress48 55,8 . TMRC action in form of CPR 38, monitoring clinical clients post codeblue were ICU ICCU HCU 36. The most category of early warning score was yellow32. Based on this result shows that monitoring using early warning score tool shouldbe done early, in order to decrease emergency calling in general wards.

Abstrak :
With a weight-of-the-evidence approach, cancer risk assessment indentifies hazards, determines dose-response relationships, and assesses exposure to characterize the true risk. This book focuses on the quantitative methods for conducting chemical cancer risk assessments for solvents, metals, mixtures, and nanoparticles. It links these to the basic toxicology and biology of cancer, along with the impacts on regulatory guidelines and standards. By providing insightful perspective, Cancer Risk Assessment helps researchers develop a discriminate eye when it comes to interpreting data accurately and separating relevant information from erroneous.

Abstrak :
This first comprehensive treatment of the subject for more than a decade includes the latest research on nanoparticle toxicology. The practical handbook addresses all areas where toxic mixtures are encountered, from environmental via occupational to medical settings, giving special consideration to air and water, and to the specific requirements for study design in mixture toxicology. While no extensive prior knowledge or toxicological experience is required, the practice-oriented case studies and examples in the second part make this the ideal companion for the professional toxicologist in industry or healthcare institutions with little time for academic study.

Abstrak :
Phytochemicals are non-nutritive plant chemicals that protect us and prevent us from diseases. There are thousands of known phytochemicals, e.g. in tomatoes, soy and in fruits. While these are known helpful antioxidants, their potential toxicity is essential for identifying any risks for humans.