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"ABSTRAKLatar Belakang : O3 udara ambien berisiko menyebabkan penyakit pernapasan seperti asma, dan PPOK. 300 juta orang dari berbagai usia di dunia memiliki asma. Selanjutnya, 210 juta orang di dunia terkena PPOK (WHO, 2007). Di Indonesia, prevalensi asma sebesar 4,5% sedangkan prevalensi PPOK sebesar 3,7%. Di wilayah Jagakarsa, trend rata-rata tahunan konsentrasi O3 udara ambien pada tahun 2011 – 2013 menunjukan angka di atas baku mutu ambien rata-rata tahunan yang tercantum dalam PP Nomor 41 Tahun 1999. Pada tahun tersebut, jumlah kasus penyakit pernapasan di sana cenderung meningkat.Tujuan : Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui risiko gangguan pernapasan dan pajanan O3 udara ambien. Selain itu, peneliti juga melihat risiko dari faktor-faktor lainnya seperti iklim (suhu ambien dan kelembaban ambien), karakteristik pekerjaan (masa kerja dan lama kerja), serta karakteristik individu (tempat tinggal, jenis kelamin, umur, perilaku merokok, dan riwayat penyakit pernapasan).Metode : Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi cross-sectional. Sampel dalam penelitian sebanyak 76 PKL dengan teknik quota sampling sedangkan pengukuran O3 udara ambien dilakukan pada dua titik sampling.Hasil : Rata-rata konsentrasi O3 udara ambien di wilayah Kecamatan Jagakarsa sebesar 217,7 µg/m3. Hasil tersebut melebihi baku mutu udara ambien DKI Jakarta dalam Keputusan Gubernur Provinsi DKI Jakarta Nomor 551 Tahun 2001 (200 µg/m3). Hasil bivariat menunjukan gangguan pernapasan dan O3 udara ambien memiliki p value = 0,05 dan OR = 2,9; gangguan pernapasan dan lama kerja memiliki p value = 0,89 dan OR = 1,2; gangguan pernapasan dan jenis kelamin memiliki p value = 0,78 dan OR = 1,3; gangguan pernapasan dan umur memiliki p value = 0,85 dan OR = 1,2; serta gangguan pernapasan dan riwayat penyakit pernapasan memiliki p value = 1,00 dan OR = 1,1.Kesimpulan : Rata-rata hasil pengukuran konsentrasi O3 udara ambien di wilayah Kecamatan Jagakarsa sebesar 217,7 µg/m3. Konsentrasi tersebut melebihi baku mutu udara ambien DKI Jakarta. O3 udara ambien dapat menyebabkan gangguan pernapasan pada konsentrasi ≥ 150 µg/m3. Maka, konsentrasi O3 udara ambien di wilayah Kecamatan Jagakarsa berisiko menyebabkan gangguan pernapasan terhadap para PKL.

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ABSTRACTBackground : Ground level O3 has potential risk to induce respiratory disorder such as asthma and COPD. 300 millions people all ages worldwide have asthma. Then, 210 millions people worldwide are also affected by COPD (WHO, 2007). In Indonesia, asthma prevalence is 4,5% and COPD prevalence is 3,7%. At Jagakarsa Sub District, trend of mean per year of ground level O3 concentration in 2011 – 2013 shows the value that overs the ambient threshold limit value in PP Nomor 41 Tahun 1999. At the same period, amount case of respiratory disorder at Jagakarsa also tends to increase.Objective : Determining the risk for the respiratory disorder exposed by ground level O3 also other risk factors such as climate factor (ambient temperature and ambient humidity), occupational characteristic (work duration and work hour), and personal characteristic (house living, sex, age, smoking behaviour, and respiratory disease history).Method : This study uses cross-sectional study among 76 street vendors as sample with quota sampling technique. Hence, ground level O3 is measured in two sampling points.Result : Mean of ground level O3 concentration at Jagakarsa Sub District is 217,7 µg/m3. This value over the ambient TLV of DKI Jakarta based on Keputusan Gubernur Provinsi DKI Jakarta Nomor 551 Tahun 2001 (200 µg/m3). Result of bivariate analysis shows between respiratory disorder and ground level O3 have p value = 0,05 and OR = 2,9; respiratory disorder and work hours have p value = 0,89 and OR = 1,2; respiratory disorder and sex have p value = 0,78 and OR = 1,3; respiratory disorder and age have p value = 0,85 and OR = 1,2; respiratory disorder and respiratory disease history have p value = 1,00 and OR = 1,1.Conclusion : Mean of ground level O3 concentration at Jagakarsa Sub District is 217,7 µg/m3 which already over the ambient TLV of DKI Jakarta. Concentration of ground level O3 which can be potential to induce respiratory disorder is ≥ 150 µg/m3. Therefore, concentration of ground level O3 at Jagakarsa Sub District risks to induce respiratory disorder to street vendors."

"Latar Belakang: Manajemen jalan nafas alternatif dengan menggunakan Laryngeal Mask (LM) yang dilakukan perawat sebagai penolong pertama yang melakukan resusitasi jantung paru (RJP) pada situasi henti jantung didalam rumah sakit sebelum tim resusitasi datang. Penelitian ini meneliti perawat dengan pengalaman minimal melakukan manajemen jalan nafas akan lebih mudah melakukan pemasangan Laryngeal Mask Supreme pada manekin dibandingkan dengan pemasangan Laryngeal Mask Unique. Metode: Sebanyak 86 perawat dengan pengalaman manajemen jalan nafas minimal ikutserta sebagai subyek penelitian. Materi tentang anatomi jalan nafas, teknik, demonstrasi dan latihan pemasangan LM Supreme dan LM Unique pada manekin diberikan sampai subyek penelitian mampu memasang alat tersebut. Data penelitian diambil setelah pemberian materi selesai. Kemudahan pemasangan ditentukan jika memenuhi semua kriteria dari variabel keberhasilan pemasangan, jumlah upaya pemasangan < 2 kali dan lama waktu pemasangan < 30 detik. Hasil: Pemasangan LM Supreme yang mudah didapatkan sebesar 82 (52,6%) dan LM Unique 74 (47,4%). Pemasangan LM Supreme yang tidak mudah didapatkan sebesar 4 (25,0%) dan LM Unique 12 (75,0%). Uji statistik dengan uji Chi Square didapatkan perbedaan bermakna dalam hal kemudahan pemasangan (p<0,05). Kesimpulan: Pemasangan LM Supreme yang dilakukan oleh perawat pada manekin lebih mudah dibandingkan dengan pemasangan LM Unique.

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Background: Alternative airway management using the Laryngeal Mask by nurses who performed the first cardiac pulmonary resuscitation (CPR) on the situation in hospital cardiac arrest before resuscitation teams arrived. This study examined nurses with minimal experience doing airway management will be easier to perform the insertion of the Laryngeal Mask Supreme on manikins compared with Laryngeal Mask Unique insertion.

Methods: Eighty six nurses with minimum experience of airway management were participate in the study. The material on airway anatomy, technique of insertion, demonstration and practice insertion of Supreme Laryngeal Mask and Unique Laryngeal Mask on the manikins is given until subjects were able to insert the tool. The data were taken after the administration of the material is complete. Ease of installation is determined if it meets all the criteria of the variable success of the insertion, the number of attempts <2 times and installation time <30 sec.

Results: Insertion of the Supreme Laryngeal Mask easily obtained for 82 (52.6%) and Unique Laryngeal Mask 74 (47.4%). Insertion Supreme Laryngeal Mask that is not easy to come by 4 (25.0%) and LM Unique 12 (75.0%). Statistical test Chi Square test found a significant difference in terms of ease of insertion (p <0.05).

Conclusion: Insertion of the Laryngeal Mask Supreme performed by nurses on a manikins easier than the insertion of the Laryngeal Mask Unique."

"Pada era pandemi COVID-19, perawatan intensif menjadi krusial bagi pasien dengan sindrom gangguan pernapasan akut (ARDS) yang memerlukan alat bantu napas. Setelah perawatan intensif, penting untuk mengevaluasi kualitas hidup penyintas COVID-19 untuk mengetahui dampak jangka panjang terhadap kesehatan fisik dan mental. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai kualitas hidup dan karakteristik yang memengaruhinya pada penyintas COVID-19 dengan riwayat ARDS pasca penggunaan alat bantu napas, baik invasif dan non-invasif, di ruang perawatan intensif. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan cross-sectional dan dilaksanakan secara multicenter dengan total 56 responden yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dari tiga rumah sakit rujukan COVID-19 nasional yang masuk dalam jejaring Academic Health System (AHS) Universitas Indonesia. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah The St. George Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ). Pada hasil penelitian ini, ditemukan Tingkat kualitas hidup yang rendah berkaitan dengan sistem pernapasan pada domain Tanda dan Gejala serta Aktivitas. Akan tetapi, domain Dampak mempunyai skor kualitas hidup yang baik. Total skor kualitas hidup pada kelompok invasif tergolong rendah yaitu 12 (0-64,9), dan non-invasif (NIV, HFNC dan NRM) yaitu 14 (0,7-57,8). Selain itu, terdapat hubungan kualitas hidup pada kelompok yang menggunakan alat bantu napas non-invasif terhadap usia, pekerjaan, rentang waktu survivor, dan APACHE II.

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In the era of the COVID-19 pandemic, intensive care has become crucial for patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) who require breathing assistance. After intensive treatment, it is important to evaluate the quality of life of COVID-19 survivors to determine the long-term impact on physical and mental health. This study aims to assess the quality of life and the characteristics that influence it in COVID-19 survivors with ARDS after using ventilatory support, both invasive and non-invasive, in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). This research used a cross-sectional approach and was carried out in a multicenter manner with a total of 56 respondents who met the inclusion criteria from three national COVID-19 referral hospitals within the University of Indonesia's Academic Health System (AHS) network. The instrument used was The St. George Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ). In the results of this study, it was found that a low quality of life was related to the respiratory system in the Signs and Symptoms and Activity domains. However, the Impact domain has a good quality of life score. The total quality of life score in the invasive group was low, namely 12 (0-64.9), and non-invasive (NIV, HFNC and NRM) namely 14 (0.7-57.8). Apart from that, there was a relationship between the quality of life in the group using non-invasive ventilatory support on age, occupation, period of survivors, and APACHE II score."

"Inadequate humidification of inspired gases can cause a variety of serious problems, and humidification has accordingly become an important aspect of modern intensive care medicine. This book is designed to serve as a practical guide for clinicians, providing information on the theoretical background of humidification, the equipment, and its optimal use. The book starts by examining the physiological basis of humidification. Current devices are then discussed, with careful attention to factors influencing their performance and methods to evaluate their effectiveness. The two scenarios of mechanical and non-mechanical ventilation are considered, and the issue of ventilator-associated pneumonia is addressed in detail. Further chapters focus on such topics as humidification following tracheostomy, humidification of the artificial airway during secretion management, measurement of inspired gas temperature in the ventilated neonate, and humidification in the home care setting."