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"Pada dasarnya ide konsep fasad bioreaktor mikroalga ini muncul karena isu pemanasan global yang mengacu pada peningkatan emisi gas rumah kaca. Diketahui sektor pembangunan mengkonsumsi hingga 40% dari total konsumsi energi dan berkontribusi hingga 30% dari emisi gas rumah kaca tahunan secara global, dan diperkirakan akan berlipat ganda selama 20 tahun kedepan. Mikroalga sebagai mikroorganisme penghasil biomassa, yang berpotensi untuk menghasilkan energi terbarukan dan kemampuannya dalam menyerap karbon dioksida (CO₂), diintegrasikan ke dalam bentuk fasad bangunan untuk menjadikan bangunan berkinerja tinggi yang tanggap iklim.Penulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana kinerja dari fasad bioreaktor mikroalga dan bagaimana dampak yang dipengaruhinya, baik dalam bangunannya sendiri dan kelestarian lingkungan. Tujuan dari penulisan ini dicapai melalui analisa studi kasus The BIQ House di Jerman, sebagai bangunan pertama di dunia yang menerapkan sistem fasad bioreaktor mikroalga. Secara umum, konsep dari bangunan The BIQ House ini didasarkan pada gagasan pemanfaatan proses biokimia fotosintesis dari mikroalga dalam bioreaktor untuk merancang bangunan hemat energi. Berdasarkan dari data penelitian yang ada, setelah hampir satu tahun bangunan ini beroperasi, sistem pada fasad ini telah mencapai efisiensi konversi dengan total 58%, dengan 10% untuk biogas dan 48% untuk pemanas. Dengan besar energi yang dihasilkan adalah sekitar 4.500 kWh listrik per tahun dan 6000 kWh energi panas per tahun, bangunan The BIQ House mampu mengoperasikan bangunannya dengan energi tersebut. Sistem fasad ini juga mampu mereduksi emisi karbon dioksida (CO₂) 6 ton per tahunnya. Dengan demikian fasad bioreaktor mikroalga ini tidak hanya memiliki peran penting bagi sumber energi terbarukan yang dapat dimanfaatkan untuk operasional bangunannya, namun berperan penting juga sebagai skema percontohan untuk bangunan rendah karbon sebagai kontribusi terhadap kelestarian lingkungan.

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Basically the idea of ​​the microalgae bioreactor facade concept arose because of the issue of global warming which refers to an increase in greenhouse gas emissions. It is known that the development sector consumes up to 40% of total energy consumption and contributes up to 30% of annual greenhouse gas emissions globally, and is expected to double over the next 20 years. Microalgae as biomass-producing microorganisms, which have the potential to produce renewable energy and their ability to absorb carbon dioxide (CO₂), are integrated into the form of building facades to make high-performance buildings that are climate responsive.

This writing aims to find out how the performance of the microalgae bioreactor facade and how the impact it affects, both in the building itself and environmental sustainability. The purpose of this paper is achieved through the analysis of a case study of The BIQ House in Germany, as the first building in the world to implement a microalgae bioreactor facade system. In general, the concept of The BIQ House is based on the idea of ​​utilizing the biochemical process of photosynthesis from microalgae in bioreactors to design energy-efficient buildings. Based on the existing research data, after almost a year of operation of this building, the system on this facade has achieved a total conversion efficiency of 58%, with 10% for biogas and 48% for heating. With the amount of energy produced is around 4,500 kWh of electricity per year and 6000 kWh of heat energy per year, The BIQ House building is able to operate its building with this energy. This facade system is also able to reduce carbon dioxide (CO) emissions by 6 tons per year. Thus the facade of this microalgae bioreactor not only has an important role for renewable energy sources that can be utilized for building operations, but also plays an important role as a pilot scheme for low-carbon buildings as a contribution to environmental sustainability."

"Pemerintah Indonesia menetapkan peta jalan menuju Net zero emissions tahun 2060, termasuk percepatan adopsi motor listrik. Pemerintah menugaskan PT PLN (Persero) sebagai lokomotif percepatan adopsi dengan cara mengoptimalkan potensi pengguna motor konvensional dan ride hailing, Skema battery swapping menjadi pilihan yang menarik bagi perusahaan untuk meningkatkan profit. Namun, pengguna masih mengalami ketidakpastian penukaran baterai di stasiun baterry swapping. Oleh karena itu, sangat penting untuk menerapkan strategi reservasi baterai untuk memudahkan pengguna motor listrik battery swapping dalam menukarkan baterai. Meski demikian, menerapkan strategi industri battery swapping merupakan sistem kompleks yang melibatkan banyak elemen yang saling terkait. Pengembangan strategi seperti ini memerlukan pandangan holistik untuk memahami proses dan mendefinisikan hubungan antar elemen. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan strategi industri battery swapping dengan pendekatan pemodelan sistem dinamis dan langkah awal dalam mengembangkan produk menggunakan kerangka kerja businesss model canvas yang berfokus pada jumlah pengguna motor listrik battery swapping, pengurangan emisi CO2e dan profit. Terdapat tiga intervensi perusahaan tercapaianya objektif yaitu tarif listrik, biaya reservasi baterai dan pembangunan stasiun battery swapping. Intervensi perusahaan diuji kedalam tiga skenario berbeda. Hasil menunjukkan pembangunan stasiun battery swapping dan skema reservasi baterai berdampak signifikan pada jumlah pengguna motor listrik battery swapping dan pengurangan emisi CO2e. Selain itu, pemberian diskon tarif listrik memiliki dampak langsung pada profit industri battery swapping.

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The Government of Indonesia has set a roadmap towards Net zero emissions by 2060, including accelerating the adoption of electric motorbikes. The government assigned PT PLN (Persero) as a locomotive to accelerate adoption by optimizing the potential of conventional motorcycle and ride hailing users. The battery swapping scheme is an attractive option for companies to increase profits. However, users still experience uncertainty in exchanging batteries at battery swapping stations. Therefore, it is very important to implement a battery reservation strategy to make it easier for battery swapping electric motorcycle users to exchange batteries. However, implementing a battery swapping industrial strategy is a complex system involving many interrelated elements. Developing a strategy like this requires a holistic view to understand the process and define relationships between elements. This research aims to develop a strategy for the battery swapping industry using a dynamic system modeling approach and initial steps in developing products using a business model canvas framework that focuses on the number of battery swapping electric motorcycle users, reducing CO2e emissions and profits. There are three company interventions to achieve objectives, namely electricity tariffs, battery reservation fees, and the construction of battery swapping stations. The company's intervention was tested in three different scenarios. The results show that the construction of battery swapping stations and battery reservation schemes have had a significant impact on the number of battery swapping electric motorcycle users and reduced CO2e emissions. Apart from that, providing discounts on electricity rates has a direct impact on the profits of the battery swapping industry."

""Providing the world's growing population with its increasing demands for energy is a major challenge for science, business and society alike. Energy can be generated from many sources, but not all sources are suitable for every application. Much of today's technology has been built on solid, liquid and gaseous fuels derived from fossil sources. However, the supply of these is finite and their combustion produces carbon dioxide, one of the gases responsible for global warming. Therefore, alternative sources of energy are required which are renewable, sustainable and carbon neutral."."This textbook explores the production of biofuels as alternatives to fossil fuels, focusing on the technological issues that need to be addressed for any new fuel source. Each type of biofuel currently in production is considered in detail, covering the benefits and problems with production and use and the potential for biological material to provide sufficient energy for the world's population - the principles on which future fuel development are based."--BOOK JACKET.ContentsEnergy and fossil fuel useConsequences of burning fossil fuelMitigation of global warmingBiological solid fuelsGaseous biofuelsLiquid biofuels to replace petrolLiquid biofuels to replace dieselThe benefits and deficiencies of biofuels."