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"Kota Depok memiliki potensi sampah organik yang melimpah untuk diolah secara anaerobik dan aerobik untuk mendapatkan produk biogas dan kompos. Sebanyak 62 ton lebih per hari sampah organik masuk ke Kota Depok. Penelitian ini bertujuan mencari potensi biogas sampah organik TPA Cipayung yang dikombinasikan dengan tinja sapi dengan perbandingan massa 3:1 dengan metode tumpuk mesofilik perkolasi. Hasilnya adalah potensinya sebesar 278,903 L/Kg TS. Namun, terjadi masalah penyumbatan di awal inisiasi dan juga proyeksi bahwa akan sulit untuk mengangkut tinja sapi dengan massa yang begitu besar ke TPA Cipayung. Selanjutnya adalah pembahasan desain untuk instalasi digesti anaerobik dan pengomposan aerobik dengan perbandingan massa sampah dan tinja 100:1 untuk mengolah 60% massa sampah organik yang masuk dan untuk desain 10 tahun. Diperlukan luas lahan sebesar 0,7251 Ha.

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Depok City has abundant organic waste to be processed anaerobically and aerobically. This research try to determine the biogas yield potency of mesophilic percolated batch with mass ratio organic waste:cow dung 3:1. The potency is 278,903 L/Kg TS. Nevertheless, the method has major setbacks for upscaling. The system experienced cloggings and the water must be added and the transportation of the cow dungs on the full scale of the method that would be used. The next exposition is about the design description of combined anaerobic- aerobic waste installation for Cipayung Landfill for 10 years design of 60% organic processed. The proposed design is using mass ratio of organic waste:cow dung for 100:1. 0,7251 Ha area is needed for completion."

"Kuantitas biogas dan kadar metana yang dihasilkan dari proses anaerobik berhubungan erat dengan aktivitas mikroorganisme yang dipengaruhi oleh parameter proses maupun komposisi substrat. Salah satu cara optimalisasi proses anaerobik ini adalah dengan menggunakan tambahan inokulum berupa kultur mikroorganisme. Reaktor batch skala laboratorium volume 6000 mL dengan konsentrasi padatan rendah (4-5%) digunakan untuk menganalisa pengaruh penambahan Effective Microorganism 4 (EM4) terhadap penguraian anaerobik hasil cacahan sampah makanan. Penelitian yang berlangsung selama 90 hari membuktikan bahwa, dalam kondisi suhu mesopilik (29,5 ± 1,5 0C), reaktor tanpa penambahan EM4 mengalami penurunan Total Solid (TS) dan Volatile Solid (VS) berturut – turut sebanyak 24% dan 3%, menghasilkan biogas 0,67 m3/kg VS yang hilang, dengan persentase metana 0%. Sedangkan, dengan penambahan EM4 0,2% (v/v) penurunan TS dan VS berturut-turut mencapai 60% dan 44%, dengan laju penurunannya (orde pertama) dipercepat sebanyak 3x dan 20x (dibandingkan tanpa penambahan EM4). Serta menghasilkan biogas 2,01 m3/kg VS yang hilang (hari ke-0 – ke-57) dan 0,98 m3/kg VS yang hilang (hingga hari ke- 90) dengan persentase metana 83%, dan laju pembentukan metana (k) 0,024 hari-1 atau 254,5 L/kg VS.hari. Dari hasil tersebut, diperoleh bahwa proses lebih optimal dengan adanya penambahan kultur mikroorganisme EM4.

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Biogas and methane yield from anaerobic process are related to microorganism activity which are affected by process parameters and substrate composition. Optimization of this anaerobic process can be conducted using microorganism culture as inoculums for substrate. Lab-scale batch reactor with volume of 6000 mL and low solid concentration (4 – 5%) are used for analyzing the effect of added Effective Microorganism 4 (EM4) on the anaerobic digestion of shredded food waste. The 90 days experiment at mesophilic condition (29.5 ± 1.5 0C) showed that reactor without addition of EM4 can only achieve Total Solid (TS) and Volatile Solid (VS) removal of 24% and 3%, respectively, biogas yield 0.67 m3/kg VS destroyed, with 0% methane. While, the reactor with addition of 0.2% EM4 (v/v) can achieve TS and VS removal of 60% and 44%, with decomposition rate (first order) were accelerated 3x and 20x (compared to without addition of EM4), respectively. Biogas yield are 2.01 m3/kg VS destroyed (day- 0 – 57) and 0.98 m3/kg VS destroyed (until day- 90), with 83% methane, and methane yield rate (k) at 0.024 day-1or 254.5 L/kg VS.day. These result showed that anaerobic process can be optimized with addition of EM4."

"Composting : a prospectiveBasic conceptsMicrobiologyBiochemistryStability, maturity and phytotoxicityTrace elements, heavy metals and micronutrientsOrganic compoundsPathogensBioaerosolsOdors and volatile organic compoundsSoil physical and chemical manifestationsUtilization of compostCompost utilization IIRegulations."

"Elektrolisis plasma merupakan salah satu metode AOP (Advanced Oxidation Process) yang dapat menghasilkan radikal hidroksil (OH•) dan radikal hidrogen (H•) dalam jumlah lebih banyak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas elektroda stainless steel pada zona plasma anodik serta pengaruh laju injeksi udara dan daya terhadap degradasi Remazol Red dan erosi anoda. Penelitian dilakukan dengan reaktor 1,2 L menggunakan variasi laju injeksi udara 0,6 lpm, 0,8 lpm, 1 lpm, 1,2 lpm, dan 1,5 lpm serta variasi daya 400 W, 500 W, dan 600 W dengan elektrolit K₂SO₄ 0,02 M.  Pada penelitian ini, didapat hasil degradasi yang lebih baik oleh elektroda stainless steel dibandingkan tungsten. Dalam waktu 8 menit, stainless steel mampu mendegradasi sebanyak 94,73% sedangkan tungsten hanya mampu sebesar 84,54% dan ditinjau dari erosinya stainless steel hanya tergerus sebanyak 0,07 gr, sedangkan tungsten sebanyak 1,8 gr. Laju injeksi udara yang menghasilkan tingkat degradasi optimum adalah 1,2 Lpm dan variasi daya yang optimum untuk laju injeksi tersebut adalah 500 W. Persentase degradasi optimum Remazol Red mencapai 99,84%, sementara degradasi Pt-Co sebesar 99,16%, dan COD sebesar 84,16% pada konsentrasi awal limbah 200 ppm dan FeSO₄ 20 ppm. Produk samping yang didapat berupa amonia sebesar 0,438 mmol dan nitrat sebesar 1,736 mmol.

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Plasma electrolysis is an AOP (Advanced Oxidation Process) method that can produce more hydroxyl radicals (OH•) and hydrogen radicals (H•). This study aims to determine the effectiveness of stainless steel electrodes in the anodic plasma zone and the effect of air and power injection rates on the degradation of Remazol Red and anode erosion. The research was conducted with a 1.2 L reactor using air injection rate variations of 0.6 lpm, 0.8 lpm, 1 lpm, 1.2 lpm and 1.5 lpm and power variations of 400 W, 500 W and 600 W with electrolyte K₂SO₄ 0.02 M. In this study, better degradation results were obtained by stainless steel electrodes than tungsten. Within 8 minutes, stainless steel was able to degrade as much as 94.73%, while tungsten was only able to 84.54% and in terms of its erosion, stainless steel only eroded as much as 0.07 gr, while tungsten as much as 1.8 gr. The air injection rate that produces the optimum degradation rate is 1.2 Lpm and the optimum power variation for the injection rate is 500 W. The optimum degradation percentage of Remazol Red reaches 99.84%, while the degradation of Pt-Co is 99.16%, and COD of 84.16% at the initial waste concentration of 200 ppm and 20 ppm FeSO₄. The by-products obtained were 0.438 mmol of ammonia and 1.736 mmol of nitrate."

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Pengelolaan sampah di Kota Bekasi masih mengelola sampahnya dengan paradigma lama, yaitu kumpul, angkut, dan buang (open dumping) sehingga kapasitas TPA Sumur Batu sudah mencapai titik maksimum. Metode Open Dumping pada TPA dapat menyebabkan permasalahan lingkungan yaitu pencemaran udara dan air lindi, sehingga butuh adanya pengelolaan terbarukan di TPA Sumur Batu dengan teknologi Waste to Energy (WTE), tapi sebelum proses WTE dapat diterapkan di TPA Sumur Batu perlu adanya analisis mengenai dampak lingkungan yang dapat timbul akibat proses WTE, sehingga dapat dibandingkan dampak lingkungan yang terjadi dengan pengolahan sampah eksisting yang ada di TPA Sumur Batu. Rekomendasi skenario terbarukan yang diperoleh dari penilaian kondisi eksisting sampah di TPA dan potensi dampak lingkungan dengan metode Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). Kondisi eksisting sampah anorgaik di TPA Sumur Batu memiliki potensi energi 3931 kkal/kg dan sampah organik berpotensi memproduksi 590 m³ biogas.Potensi Dampak GWP 100 dari skenario eksisting adalah 533.73 kg/CO₂eq, sementara untuk skenario 1 (incineration) 489.01 kg/CO₂eq dan skenario 2 (anaerobic digestion)  200.72 kg/CO₂eq. Sehingga, dari segi potensi energi dan potensi dampak lingkungan yang dihasilkan, penerapan teknologi anaerobic digestion lebih dapat dipertimbangkan untuk diterapkan di TPA Sumur Batu.

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Bekasi City's waste generation continues to increase with an increase in waste generation rate of 0.12%/year. Waste management in Bekasi City still manages its waste using the old paradigm, namely collection, transport and disposal (open dumping) so that the capacity of Sumur Batu landfill has reached its maximum point. The Open Dumping method at landfill can cause environmental problems, namely air pollution and leachate, so there is a need for renewable management at Sumur Batu landfill with Waste to Energy (WTE) technology, but before the WTE process can be implemented at Sumur Batu landfill it needs an analysis of environmental impacts that can arise as a result of the WTE process, so that the environmental impact that occurs with the existing waste processing at Sumur Batu landfill can be compared. Renewable scenario recommendations obtained from an assessment of the existing condition of waste in the landfill and potential environmental impacts using the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) method. The existing condition of inorganic waste at the Sumur Batu landfill has an energy potential of 3931 kcal/kg and organic waste has the potential to produce 590 m³ of biogas. 2 (anaerobic digestion) 200.72 kg/CO₂eq. Thus, in terms of energy potential and potential environmental impacts, the application of anaerobic digestion technology can be considered for the Sumur Batu landfill.

 

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"Prepared for an audience of operators and technicians who are responsible for the daily operation of anaerobic digesters, The Microbiology of Anaerobic Digesters covers important issues in this field.""

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ABSTRACTAnaerobic technology has become widely accepted by the environmental industry as a cost-effective alternative to the conventional aerobic process. In addition, with the intrinsic advantages of energy saving, reduced sludge yield, and production of biofuel, anaerobic process will be the favored green treatment technology for sustainable environment in years to come.Written by 40 renowned experts from 13 countries/regions, this book consists of 18 chapters compiling state-of-the-art information on new developments in various aspects of anaerobic technology. These include development of new types of reactors, uses of molecular techniques for microbial studies and mathematical modeling, productions of bio-hydrogen by fermentation and microbial electrolysis cell, as well as broadening applications to the treatment of municipal wastewater, effluents from chemical industry and agricultural wastes with high lignocellulose content. "