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Abstrak :
Penelitian ini membahas dampak belanja Pemerintah pada infrastruktur perkeretaaapian pada periode 2009-2012 khususnya sektor konstruksi-perkeretaapian terhadap PDB (output), faktor produksi, rumah tangga, dan sektor produksi. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis social accounting matrix dengan pendekatan alat analisis accounting multiplier dan analisis jalur struktural. Penelitian dimulai dengan mendisagregasi sektor konstruksi menjadi konstruksi perkeretaapian dan konstruksi bukan perkeretaapian. Hasil perhitungan menunjukkan bahwa dampak belanja infrastruktur atau konstruksi perkeretaaapian memberikan peningkatan pada PDB, faktor produksi, rumah-tangga dan sektor produksi lain. Analisis jalur struktural menunjukkan bahwa rumah-tangga penerima efek pengganda terbesar adalah golongan atas di kota. Sedangkan penerima efek pengganda terkecil adalah buruh tani yang menerima pengaruh hanya dari Tenaga Produksi, Operator Alat Angkutan, Manual dan Buruh Kasar di desa. ......This study discusses the impact of government spending on railways infrastructure in the period 2009-2012, especially the railways construction sector to GDP (output), the factors of production, households, and the production sector. This study uses the output multiplier and structural path analysis within SAM method. The study began with the construction sector disaggregation into the railways construction and non-railway construction. The results show that the impact of railways infrastructure or construction expenditures provides an increase in GDP, use of production factors, households income, and ouput of other production sectors. SPA performed indicates that the highest multiplier effect to household is the high class in town. The lowest one is agricultural laborers who receive the influence from the use of Production Workers, Transport Operators, Manual and Unskilled Workers in the village.

Abstrak :
[Penelitian ini membahas mengenai komponen biaya Infrastructure Maintenance and Operations (IMO) pada perkeretaapian di Indonesia yang dikomparasikan dengan negara pembanding. Komparasi komponen digunakan untuk memberikan alternatif biaya perawatan dan pengoperasian prasarana kereta api. Dari komparasi komponen kemudian dilakukan prediksi biaya IMO di masa depan dengan cost index dan prediksi biaya IMO jika terdapat renewal. Setelah melakukan komparasi komponen kemudian diperoleh alternatif biaya IMO dan perhitungan untuk melakukan forecast biaya IMO di masa yang akan datang.;This study discusses the components of the cost of Infrastructure Maintenance and Operations (IMO) on the railways in Indonesia dikomparasikan comparator countries. Comparison of the components used to provide alternative maintenance and operating costs of railway infrastructure. From the comparison component is then done IMO predictions of future costs with cost index and prediction IMO if there is a renewal fee. After doing a comparative component is then obtained by an alternative calculation for the cost of IMO and IMO to forecast costs in the future.;This study discusses the components of the cost of Infrastructure Maintenance and Operations (IMO) on the railways in Indonesia dikomparasikan comparator countries. Comparison of the components used to provide alternative maintenance and operating costs of railway infrastructure. From the comparison component is then done IMO predictions of future costs with cost index and prediction IMO if there is a renewal fee. After doing a comparative component is then obtained by an alternative calculation for the cost of IMO and IMO to forecast costs in the future.;This study discusses the components of the cost of Infrastructure Maintenance and Operations (IMO) on the railways in Indonesia dikomparasikan comparator countries. Comparison of the components used to provide alternative maintenance and operating costs of railway infrastructure. From the comparison component is then done IMO predictions of future costs with cost index and prediction IMO if there is a renewal fee. After doing a comparative component is then obtained by an alternative calculation for the cost of IMO and IMO to forecast costs in the future.;This study discusses the components of the cost of Infrastructure Maintenance and Operations (IMO) on the railways in Indonesia dikomparasikan comparator countries. Comparison of the components used to provide alternative maintenance and operating costs of railway infrastructure. From the comparison component is then done IMO predictions of future costs with cost index and prediction IMO if there is a renewal fee. After doing a comparative component is then obtained by an alternative calculation for the cost of IMO and IMO to forecast costs in the future., This study discusses the components of the cost of Infrastructure Maintenance and Operations (IMO) on the railways in Indonesia dikomparasikan comparator countries. Comparison of the components used to provide alternative maintenance and operating costs of railway infrastructure. From the comparison component is then done IMO predictions of future costs with cost index and prediction IMO if there is a renewal fee. After doing a comparative component is then obtained by an alternative calculation for the cost of IMO and IMO to forecast costs in the future.]

Abstrak :
Seperti operator di negara lain, Perumka menghadapi masalah defisit anggaran dalam operasionalnya; persaingan dengan moda angkutan lain; dan perubahan status dari Per- Jan ke Per-Um, sehingga strategi bagaimana yang ditempuh agar dampak demand loss, dari peningkatan ongkos, tidak terjadi. Untuk itu, diperlukan alat analisa elastisitas guna mengetahui potensi segmen pasar dan daerah eksploitasi melalui estimasi model regresi time series dengan basis pendapatannya. Terbukti, bahwa secara umum elastisitas permintaannya adalah inelastis baik jenis angkutan dan daerah eksploitasinya. Kemudian terlihat pula berdasar nilai elastisitas permintaan masing-masing vara4bel bebas, angkutan barang lebih peka secara relatif tdrhadap angkutan penumpang di hampir semua daerah eksploitasi. Selain itu, elastisitas silangnya memperlihatkan - untuk semua daerah eksploitasi angkutan penumpang tidak relatif lebih peka dibandingkan angkutan barang. Akhirnya bagaimana mengelola perbedaan misi yang menyerupai koin, artinya dengan nilai elastisitas itu dapat dikaji potensi segmen pasar dan daerah ekploitasi serta misi melaksanakan pembangunan/social good supplied/cross subsidy dapat terlaksana apabila ingin mengurangi defisit melalui peningkatan ongkos yang tanpa diikuti demand loss. Jadi sarannya adalah mengatasi masalah penentuan ongkos agar tercipta persaingan yang alamiah dan adil; bila persaingan harga semakain tajam yang terjadi maka Perumka harus lebih siap mengutamakan (menentukan) qualitas; dan terakhir adalah pengetatan peraturan tentang 'load factor', karena memungkinkan ketetapatan pemilihan jenis usaha berdasarkan pemilihan sarana pengangkutan sesuai dengan kemampuan daya tahan jalan.

Abstrak :
Railways play a significant role in daily life, offering speed, safety and massive capacity for delivering people from one place to another. However, developing countries such as Indonesia are currently encountering problems related to Operation and Maintenance (OM) contracts. Railway operators are mostly experiencing a negative rate of return when operations depend only on farebox revenue. Thus, an alternative approach that includes government involvement should be instigated to improve project performance. This research aims to evaluate the contract agreement between the state, in the form of the Ministry of Transportation, and business entities in the operation and maintenance phase. The Makassar–Parepare railway section on Sulawesi Island is used as a case study. The study uses a combination of qualitative and quantitative approaches that follow three stages: assessing the initial design; generating an alternative OM scheme; and propose a suitable OM scheme. The results indicate five components that should be considered when developing an OM contract, namely the tariff, risk, feasibility, subsidy and period of the contract. The study recommends a five-year contract for operation and maintenance, and the government should assign a business entity to manage available assets in the project.

Abstrak :
Kereta modern secara umum memiliki karakteristik yang lebih unggul dibandingkan kereta konvensional. Beberapa tahun terakhir, telah beroperasi kereta berteknologi modern seperti MRT serta pembangunan LRT dan HSR. Dengan pesatnya perkembangan teknologi perkeretaapian tersebut, maka diperlukan peningkatan keterampilan sumber daya manusia (SDM) dalam pengoperasian perkeretaapian modern agar tetap memiliki daya saing. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis standar kompetensi sumber daya manusia pada pengoperasian kereta api sesuai dengan regulasi saat ini, menganalisis kebutuhan standar kompetensi sumber daya manusia dalam pengoperasian kereta modern, serta menganalisis kesiapan regulator dalam menyiapkan sumber daya manusia yang memiliki kompetensi untuk menangani pengoperasian kereta modern. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini mengadopsi prinsip dari Work Breakdown Structure (WBS), gap analysis, benchmarking, dan Analisis SWOT. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah: (1) standar kompetensi SDM pada pengoperasian kereta api sesuai dengan regulasi saat ini dalam bentuk WBS Dasar, (2) terdapat tambahan fungsi dasar (unit kompetensi) untuk setiap fungsi utama yang mencakup aspek keselamatan, TIK, dan budaya kerja, sehingga menghasilkan kebutuhan standar kompetensi sumber daya manusia dalam pengoperasian kereta modern yang dibuat dalam bentuk WBS Pengembangan, serta (3) analisis SWOT menunjukkan upaya penyiapan sumber daya manusia yang menangani pengoperasian kereta modern cukup kuat secara internal dan memiliki banyak peluang dari pihak eksternal. Peluang terbesar berasal dari adanya kebutuhan dari pihak operator dan industri terhadap SDM untuk perkeretaapian modern. Kekuatan yang ada dari sisi diklat adalah jumlah SDM regulator, kompetensi SDM regulator, anggaran diklat, proses belajar mengajar, dan sistem supply-demand SDM. Sebagian besar unsur input-process-output-outcome dari balai diklat yang teridentifikasi pada penelitian ini merupakan kelemahan dari regulator. Kelemahan terbesar yang dialami adalah kualitas sarana dan prasarana diklat untuk mendidik SDM perkeretaapian modern yang belum memadai. Kapasitas sarana dan prasarana diklat, kurikulum dan silabus diklat, serta jumlah dan kecukupan kompetensi dari SDM instruktur terkait perkeretaapian modern pun masih menjadi kelemahan. Kelemahan utama dari sisi regulasi berasal dari belum siapnya SKKNI untuk mengatur standar kompetensi SDM perkeretaapian modern. ......Modern trains generally have characteristics that are superior to conventional trains. In recent years, modern trains such as the MRT have been operating as well as the construction of the LRT and HSR. With the rapid development of railway technology, it is necessary to increase the skills of human resources (HR) in the operation of modern railways to remain competitive. The purpose of this study is to analyze the competency standards of human resources in train operations in accordance with current regulations, analyze the need for human resource competency standards in operating trains on modern trains, and analyze the readiness of regulators in preparing competent human resources to handle the operation of modern train. The research method used in this study adopts the principles of Work Breakdown Structure (WBS), gap analysis, benchmarking, and SWOT analysis. The results of this study are: (1) HR competency standards in train operations are in accordance with current regulations in the form of Basic WBS, (2) there are additional basic functions (competency units) for each main function which include aspects of safety, ICT, and work culture, resulting in the need for competency standards for human resources in the operation of modern trains made in the form of WBS Development, and (3) SWOT analysis shows that efforts to prepare human resources to handle modern train operations are quite strong internally and have many opportunities from external parties. The biggest opportunity comes from the need from operators and industry for human resources for modern railways. The strengths that exist from the education and training side are the number of regulatory HR, regulatory HR competencies, training budgets, teaching and learning processes, and the HR supply-demand system. Most of the input-process-output-outcome elements identified in this research are the weaknesses of the regulator. The biggest weakness experienced is the inadequate quality of training facilities and infrastructure to educate human resources for modern railways. The capacity of training facilities and infrastructure, training curriculum and syllabus, as well as the number and adequacy of the competence of human resource instructors related to modern railways, are still weaknesses. The main weakness in terms of regulation stems from the unpreparedness of SKKNI to regulate competency standards of modern railway human resources.

Abstrak :
Perkembangan transportasi di Jakarta semakin semarak dengan hadirnya Commuter Line (KRL), Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) dan Light Rail Transit (LRT). Kereta modern memiliki fitur-fitur yang lebih canggih dibandingkan dengan kereta konvensional, yaitu penggunaan teknologi yang didukung oleh sistem yang terintegrasi antar komponennya. Dengan perkembangan teknologi tersebut maka sumber daya manusia yang dibutuhkan diharapkan dapat mengembangkan teknologi, mengoperasikan, serta mencari solusi dari permasalahan yang akan ditemui dalam teknologi yang ada. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah: (1) menganalisis konsep standar kompetensi sumber daya manusia pada bidang telekomunikasi dan infrastruktur perkeretaapian sesuai dengan regulasi saat ini; (2) menganalisis kebutuhan standar kompetensi sumber daya manusia pada bidang telekomunikasi dan infrastruktur kereta modern dan (3) menganalisis kesiapan regulator kereta modern terhadap standar kompetensi baru sumber daya manusia bidang telekomunikasi dan infrastruktur. Metode penelitian yang digunakan meliputi analisis gap, pendekatan Work Breakdown Structure (WBS), dan analisis SWOT. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah: (1) standar kompetensi sumber daya manusia perkeretaapian bidang telekomunikasi dan infrastruktur sudah sesuai dengan regulasi saat ini; (2) kebutuhan standar kompetensi sumber daya manusia bidang telekomunikasi dan infrastruktur perkeretaapian modern yang terdiri dari 3 (tiga) fungsi utama dengan penambahan setiap kompetensinya yang mencakup aspek keselamatan, aspek teknologi informasi dan komunikasi, aspek sistem yang terintegrasi, dan aspek budaya kerja dan (3) Kementerian Perhubungan dalam menyiapkan sumber daya manusia perkeretaapian modern bidang telekomunikasi dan infrastruktur masih berada pada posisi situasi bahwa memiliki kekuatan serta beberapa kelemahan dari pihak internal (diklat dan regulator) serta memiliki peluang dari pihak eksternal (operator kereta modern, lembaga swasta, kementerian lainnya dan industri). Peluang terbesar adalah adanya kebutuhan yang tinggi dari pihak industri maupun operator terhadap SDM tersertifikasi. Terdapat strategi dalam penyiapan sumber daya manusia perkeretaapian modern bidang telekomunikasi dan infrastruktur, di antaranya adalah: (1) meningkatkan anggaran diklat; (2) meningkatkan jumlah dan kompetensi tenaga diklat; (3) penyusunan kurikulum diklat perkeretaapian modern; (4) pelaksanaan diklat fungsional; (5) pembinaan terstruktur terhadap jabatan fungsional; (6) menyusun road map dan (7) percepatan penyusunan SKKNI. ......The development of transportation in Jakarta is increasingly lively with the presence of the Commuter Line (KRL), Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) and Light Rail Transit (LRT). Modern trains have more sophisticated features than conventional trains, namely the use of technology that is supported by an integrated system between its components. With these technological developments, the human resources needed are expected to be able to develop technology, operate, and find solutions to problems that will be encountered in existing technology. The objectives of this study are: (1) to analyze the concept of standards competency of human resources in telecommunications and infrastructure modern railways by current regulations; (2) to analyze the need for competency standards of human resources in telecommunications and infrastructure modern railways and (3) analyze the readiness of modern railways regulators to the new standards competency of human resources in telecommunications and infrastructure. The research methods used include gap analysis, Work Breakdown Structure (WBS), and SWOT analysis. The results of this study are: (1) standards competency of human resources modern railway in telecommunications and infrastructure are by current regulations; (2) the need for competency standards for human resources in telecommunications and infrastructure modern railway which consists of 3 (three) main functions with the addition of each competency which includes safety aspects, information and communication technology aspects, integrated system aspects, and work culture aspects and (3) The Ministry of Transportation in preparing human resources for modern railways in telecommunications and infrastructure is still in a situation where it has strengths and weaknesses from internal parties (diklat and regulator) and has opportunities from external parties (modern train operators, private institutions, other ministries and industry). The biggest opportunity is the high demand from the industry and operators for certified human resources. There are strategies for preparing human resources for modern railways in the field of telecommunications and infrastructure, including: (1) increasing the education and training budget; (2) increasing the number and competence of training personnel; (3) preparation of the modern train training curriculum; (4) implementation of functional training; (5) structured development of functional positions; (6) compiling a road map and (7) accelerating the preparation of the SKKNI.