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"Pendahuluan : Radioterapi stereotaktik adalah suatu bentuk terapi radiasi yang membutuhkan akurasi tinggi. Selain imobilisasi yang baik, dibutuhkan verifikasi untuk memastikan akurasi dan untuk mengetahui kesalahan sistematik dan acak dalam pemberian radiasi. Margin Planning Target Volume (PTV) dibuat untuk memastikan target radiasi mendapatkan cakupan dosis radiasi yang diinginkan.Metode penelitian : Penelitian ini merupakan studi retrospektif yang menggunakan data verifikasi dengan X-ray Volumetric Imaging (XVI) dari 10 pasien yang menjalani radioterapi stereotaktik di Departemen Radioterapi Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo (RSCM) dengan fiksasi bite-block antara bulan Januari 2013 sampai dengan Oktober 2013. Penyimpangan yang didapat digunakan untuk menghitung kesalahan sistematik dan kesalahan acak. Margin PTV didapat dengan memasukkan kesalahan sistematik dan kesalahan acak yang didapat ke dalam formulasi Stroom.Hasil : Sebanyak 42 hasil XVI dianalisa. Pada penelitian ini didapatkan besar kesalahan sistematik dan kesalahan acak pada pasien yang menjalani radioterapi stereotaktik di RSCM adalah sebesar 0.61 mm dan 1.27 mm untuk sumbu laterolateral, 1.13 mm dan 2.41 mm untuk sumbu kraniokaudal, serta 0.71 mm dan 0.15 mm untuk sumbu anteroposterior. Margin PTV yang diperoleh sebesar 2.11 mm, 3.95 mm dan 2.22 mm untuk masing-masing sumbu laterolateral, kraniokaudal dan anteroposterior.Kesimpulan : Hasil penelitian memberikan rekomendasi margin PTV yang dapat digunakan di Departemen Radioterapi RSCM. Terdapat margin PTV yang cukup besar untuk sumbu kraniokaudal. Diperlukan upaya tambahan untuk meningkatkan akurasi radiasi sehingga margin yang diberikan tidak terlalu besar.

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Introduction : Stereotactic radiotherapy is a technique to administer precisely directed irradiation that tightly conforms to a target volume. Beside immobilisation, verfication is needed to ensure the accuracy and to calculate the systematic and random error. Planning Target Volume (PTV) margin is delineated to ensure adequate target volume coverage.

Methods : This is a retrospective study using X-ray Volumetric Imaging (XVI) data of 10 patients who have had stereotactic radiotherapy with bite-block fixation between January 2013 and October 2013 in the Department of Radiotherapy in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital. The translation errors were used to calculate the systematic and random error. PTV margin was acquired by using these errors in Stroom formula.

Results : A total of 42 XVI were analyzed. Systematic and random errors were respectively 0.61 mm and 1.27 mm in laterolateral direction, 1.13 mm and 2.41 mm in craniocaudal direction, and 0.71 mm and 0.15 mm in anteroposterior direction. PTV margin were 2.11 mm, 3.95 mm and 2.22 mm in laterolateral, craniocaudal and anteroposterior direction respectively.

Conclusions : The result gave PTV margin recommendation that can be used in Department of Radiotherapy in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital. There was a quite large PTV margin in craniocaudal direction. Some efforts and evaluations are needed to improve the accuracy of stereotactic radiotherapy to reduce the PTV margin.

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"Compensating for quasi-periodic motion in robotic radiosurgery outlines the techniques needed to accurately track and compensate for respiratory and pulsatory motion during robotic radiosurgery. The algorithms presented within the book aid in the treatment of tumors that move during respiration. In Chapters 1 and 2, the book introduces the concept of stereotactic body radiation therapy, motion compensation strategies and the clinical state-of-the-art. In Chapters 3 through 5, the author describes and evaluates new methods for motion prediction, for correlating external motion to internal organ motion, and for the evaluation of these algorithms’ output based on an unprecedented amount of real clinical data. Finally, Chapter 6 provides a brief introduction into currently investigated, open questions and further fields of research. "

"The treatment of prostate cancer continues to be problematic owing to serious side-effects, including erectile dysfunction and urinary incontinence. Robotic radiosurgery offers a novel, rapid, non-invasive outpatient treatment option that combines robotics, advanced image-guided spatial positioning, and motion detection with submillimeter precision. This book examines all aspects of the treatment of prostate cancer with robotic radiosurgery. It explains how image-guided robotic radiosurgery overcomes the problem of patient motion during radiation therapy by continuously identifying the precise location of the prostate tumor throughout the course of treatment. Hypofractionated radiation delivery by means of robotic radiosurgery systems is also discussed in detail. The book closes by examining other emerging genitourinary applications of robotic radiosurgery. All of the authors are experts in their field who present a persuasive case for this fascinating technique."