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"In recent decades, the liability of public authorities has been one of the main areas of development in and at the edges of tort law in Europe, with major reforms implemented or considered at a national level, and a steady stream of major court decisions. During the same period, 'Member State liability' has also been recognised in the law of the EU, and the interplay of principles of national and EU law - and additionally the 'just satisfaction' jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights - evidently warrants close attention.In this context, the aims of the present study are to contribute to the understanding of the law of extra-contractual liability as it applies to public authorities in the legal systems of Europe (and selected non-European jurisdictions), to facilitate its enhancement where necessary or desirable, and to consider the possibilities for harmonisation in the area - specifically, through the extension and adaptation of the Principles of European Tort Law to cover public authority liability.With contributions by:Bjarte Askeland, Ewa Baginska, Jonathan Cardi, Giovanni Comand�, Eugenia Dacoronia, Jef de Mot, Isabelle Durant, Duncan Fairgrieve, Michael Faure, Israel Gilead, Michael D Green, Anne Keirse, Bernhard A Koch, Fran�ois Lich�re, Piotr Machnikowski, Ulrich Magnus, Miquel Mart�n-Casals, Johann Neethling, Luca Nocco, Ken Oliphant, Maria Jos� Reis Rangel de Mesquita, Jordi Ribot, Lubo� Tich�, Vibe Ulfbeck, Pierre Widmer, B�n�dict Winiger.About the editor:Ken Oliphant is a Professor of Tort Law at the University of Bristol, United Kingdom."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan membandingkan kinerja strategi investasi berkelanjutan, investasi syariah, dan investasi konvensional, serta melihat pengaruh yang ditimbulkan oleh perhatian publik atas isu lingkungan terhadap tingkat pengembaliannya. Menggunakan Sharpe Ratio dan Jensen’s Alpha, hasil penelitian menunjukkan strategi investasi terbaik adalah investasi berkelanjutan, diikuti oleh investasi konvensional, dan terakhir investasi syariah. Selain itu, kenaikan pada perhatian publik atas isu lingkungan berhubungan negatif dengan tingkat pengembalian investasi berkelanjutan dan investasi syariah.

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This study aims to compare the performances of socially responsible investment, syariah-based investment, and conventional investment, and to identify the effect of public attention to environmental issues on their respective returns in 2009-2020. Using Sharpe Ratio and Jensen’s Alpha, the result shows that socially responsible investment has the best performance, followed by conventional investment and last, syariah-based investment. Moreover, a rise in public attention to environmental issues causes a decrease in the return of socially responsible and syariah-based investment indices."