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Abstrak :
Angka kematian ibu (AKI) sebagai salah satu indikator kesehatan ibu, dewasa ini masih tinggi di Indonesia bila dibandingkan dengan AKI di negara ASEAN lainnya. Menurut Survey Demografi dan Kesehatan Indonesia (SDKI 2007), Angka kematian Ibu adalah 228 per 100.000 kelahiran hidup dan Angka Kematian Bayi 34 per 1.000 kelahiran hidup. penyebab AKI di Indonesia dikelompokan ke dalam penyebab langsung, penyebab tak langsung, dan penyebab mendasar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pelaksanaan 11T dalam pelayanan antenatal oleh bidan dengan menggunakan penelitian kualitatif. Komponen yang di evaluasi meliputi: komponen input (kompetensi bidan, sarana dan prasarana), proses (pelaksanaan 11T oleh bidan, masalah yang dihadapi dalam pelaksanaan 11T dalam pelayanan antenatal ) serta komponen output (meningkatnya kepatuhan dan cakupan kunjungan ibu hamil ke pelayanan kesehatan). Lokasi penelitian di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Singkawang Tengah Kota Singkawang, Kalimantan Barat pada tahun 2012. Sebagai informan penelitian adalah bidan yang memberikan pelayanan antenatal.Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara wawancara mendalam, Diskusi Group Terarah dan Observasi.

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Maternal mortality is one of health indicator,that still high if it be compared with maternal mortality in ASEAN countries. According to Demography and Indonesian Health Survey 2007, maternal mortality rate is 228/100.000 live births and infant mortality rate 34/1000 live births, The cause of maternal mortality in Indonesia consist of direct causes and indirect causes. This research aims is to know the implementation of 11-T in antenatal care by midwives that use qualitative research. The component that will be evaluated are input components (Midwives competency, infrastructure), Process components (Implementation of 11-T of midwives, problem encountered in 11-T implementation) and output components (increased compliance and coveraged the pregnant women visit in health care service). The location of this research in working area of Middle Singkawang Public Health Center Singkawang city West Kalimantan in year 2012. The informant of this research are midwives that give antenatal care.The Data aggregation are by depth interviews, Focus group discussion and observation.

Abstrak :
Puskesmas sebagai fasilitas kesehatan tingkat pertama, bertanggung jawab dalam kegiatan pelayanan kesehatan secara menyeluruh, terpadu, dan berkesinambungan. Dalam rangka melaksanakan program JKN dan memenuhi himbauan dari Kepala Dinas Kesehatan DKI Jakarta terkait akreditasi, Puskesmas Kecamatan Ciracas telah menyusun pedoman berupa Formularium Puskesmas. Pemilihan obat untuk Formularium Puskesmas mengacu pada daftar Obat Esensial Nasional (DOEN) dan Formularium Nasional (Fornas). Formularium tersebut digunakan sebagai acuan oleh Puskesmas Kecamatan Ciracas dalam menjamin ketersediaan obat yang berkhasiat, bermutu, aman, dan terjangkau. Tujuan dari laporan PKPA ini adalah untuk memahami alur penyusunan formularium puskesmas serta mengevaluasi kesesuaian daftar obat di formularium puskesmas dengan formularium nasional. Laporan ini didasarkan dari penelusuran literatur dan observasi data formularium puskesmas serta wawancara dengan apoteker yang terlibat dalam penyusunan formularium puskesmas. Berdasarkan analisis, alur penyusunan formularium telah sesuai dengan prosedur yang berlaku dan dilakukan evaluasi satu tahun sekali. Daftar obat di formularium puskesmas secara keseluruhan telah sesuai dengan formularium nasional yang berlaku. Namun, terdapat beberapa obat kategori fasilitas kesehatan tingkat 2 dan/atau 3 yang tetap dimasukkan ke Formularium Puskesmas Kecamatan Ciracas Tahun 2023 didasarkan atas hasil rapat dan disertai kajian/justifikasi dari dokter yang mengusulkan. ......Puskesmas, as the first-level health facility, is responsible for comprehensive, integrated, and sustainable health service activities. In order to implement the JKN program and comply with the appeal from the Head of the DKI Jakarta Health Office regarding accreditation, the ciracas subdistrict health center has developed guidelines in the form of a Puskesmas Formulary. The selection of drugs for the Puskesmas Formulary refers to the National Essential Medicines List and the National Formulary. The formulary is used as a reference by the ciracas subdistrict health center to ensure the availability of efficacious, quality, safe, and affordable medicines. The purpose of this PKPA report is to understand the flow of the formulation of the puskesmas formulary and to evaluate the conformity of the drug lists in the puskesmas formulary with the national formulary. This report is based on a literature search and observation of puskesmas formulary data, as well as interviews with pharmacists who were involved in preparing the puskesmas formulary. Based on the analysis, the flow of the formulation of the formulary is in accordance with the applicable procedures and is evaluated once a year. The list of medicines in the Pukkesmas formulary as a whole is in accordance with the applicable national formulary. However, there are several level 2 and/or 3 health facility category drugs that are still included in the ciracas subdistrict health center formulary based on the results of the meeting and accompanied by a review or justification from the doctor who proposed it.

Abstrak :
Tesis ini meneliti tentang penilaian efisiensi relatif 29 puskesmas di Kabupaten Pati pada tahun 2009 dengan menggunakan Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). Metode DEA dipilih karena kelebihannya dalam mengolah lebih dari satu input dan output. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah pendekatan output. Varuabel input terdiri dari 5, yaitu: biaya obat dan alat kesehatan habis pakai, biaya operasional dan pemeliharaan puskesmas, jumlah tenaga medis, jumlah asisten medis, dan jumlah tenaga kesehatan lainnya. Variabel output terdiri dari 3, yaitu: jumlah imunisasi bayi HB0, jumlah balita ditimbang, dan jumlah kunjungan pasien rawat jalan. Hasil perhitungan dengan DEA menghasilkan 17 puskesmas efisien secara teknis dan 12 puskesmas tidak efisien secara teknis. Bagi puskesmas yang tidak efisien secara teknis dapat diperbaiki nilai efisiensinya dengan cara meningkatkan jumlah variabel output berdasarkan hasil perhitungan DEA.

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The focus of this study is measuring relative efficiency of 29 public health centers in Pati regency in 2009, with Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). DEA method is chosen because its superior for processing more input and output variables. This study uses output oriented model. Input variables consist of medical cost, operation and maintenance cost, numbers of physician, numbers of midwife and nurse, and numbers of other medical staff. Output variables consist of numbers of HB0 infant's imunization, numbers of child under five's weighting, and numbers of patients visit. The results are 17 public health centers classified as technically efficient and the remaining classified as technically inefficient. For the public health centers which are technically inefficient can be improved its value by increasing numbers of output variable based on DEA.

Abstrak :
Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) adalah penyakit menular yang disebabkan oleh virus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS- CoV-2) (Shereen, Khan, Kazmi, Bashi, & Siddique, 2020) Pusat Kesehatan Masyarakat adalah fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan yang menyelenggarakan upaya Kesehatan masyarakat dan upaya Kesehatan perseorangan tingkat pertama, dengan lebih mengutamakan upaya promotive dan preventif, untuk mencapai derajat Kesehatan masyarakat yang setinggi-tingginya di wilayah kerjanya (Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia, 2014). Tatalaksana pengobatan pasien COVID-19 di Indonesia mengacu pada Pedoman Tatalaksana COVID-19 edisi 4 yang diterbitkan pada bulan Januari 2022. Puskesmas Ps. Rebo memiliki 320 pasien COVID-19 pada bulan Januari hingga Maret 2022. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mendeskripsikan penggunaan antimikroba, mengidentifikasi masalah yang terjadi dalam alur penanganan pasien COVID-19, dan mengevaluasi penatalaksanaan pasien COVID-19 di Puskesmas Ps. Rebo. Berdasarkan penelitian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa 1. Antimikroba yang digunakan pada pasien COVID-19 di Puskesmas Ps. Rebo adalah favipiravir (80,3%); azitromisin (9,8%); oseltamivir (0,8%); ciprofloxacin (0,8%); amoxicillin (0,8%). ...... Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus (Shereen, Khan, Kazmi, Bashi, & Siddique, 2020) Community Health Centers are health care facilities which organizes community health efforts and individual health efforts at the first level, by prioritizing promotive and preventive efforts, to achieve the highest degree of public health in their working area (Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia, 2014). The management of the treatment of COVID-19 patients in Indonesia refers to the 4th edition of the Guidelines for the Management of COVID-19 which was published in January 2022. The Ps. Rebo had 320 COVID-19 patients from January to March 2022. This research was conducted to describe the use of antimicrobials, identify problems that occur in the flow of handling COVID-19 patients, and evaluate the management of COVID-19 patients at the Ps Health Center. Rebo. Based on the research, it can be concluded that 1. Antimicrobials used on COVID-19 patients at the Ps. Rebo is favipiravir (80.3%); azithromycin (9.8%); oseltamivir (0.8%); ciprofloxacin (0.8%); amoxicillin (0.8%).

Abstrak :
Seorang apoteker yang profesional harus mampu menerapkan ilmu pengetahuan yang telah diperoleh selama masa studi dalam melaksanakan pekerjaan kefarmasian. Sebagai upaya untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan calon apoteker mengenai peran, fungsi, dan tanggung jawab apoteker serta mendapatkan gambaran pekerjaan kefarmasian, calon apoteker perlu melaksanakan Praktik Kerja Profesi Apoteker terlebih dahulu sebelum memasuki dunia kerja. Praktik kerja profesi apoteker dilakukan di Puskesmas Kecamatan Kebayoran Lama periode Maret 2022, KFTD Jakarta 1 periode April 2022, RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo periode Mei-Juni 2022, PT. Forsta Kalmedic Global periode Juli-Agustus 2022, dan Apotek Roxy Biak September 2022. Setelah pelaksanaan praktik kerja profesi apoteker di Puskesmas, PBF, Rumah Sakit, Industri, dan Apotek, calon apoteker diharapkan dapat memiliki wawasan, pengetahuan, keterampilan, dan pengalaman yang cukup sehingga siap untuk memasuki dunia kerja sebagai apoteker yang kompeten dan profesional. ...... A professional pharmacist must be able to apply the knowledge that has been acquired during the study period in carrying out pharmaceutical work. As an effort to increase the knowledge and skills of prospective pharmacists regarding the roles, functions and responsibilities of pharmacists and to get an overview of pharmaceutical work, prospective pharmacists need to carry out Pharmacist Professional Work Practice before entering the world of work. Pharmacist professional work practice is carried out at Puskesmas Kecamatan Kebayoran Lama for the period of March 2022, KFTD Jakarta 1 periode for the period of April 2022, RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo for the period of May-June 2022, PT. Forsta Kalmedic Global for the period of July-August 2022, and Apotek Roxy Biak for the period of September 2022. Setelah pelaksanaan praktik kerja profesi apoteker di Puskesmas, PBF, Rumah Sakit, Industri, dan Apotek, The new pharmacist are expected to have sufficient insight, knowledge, skills and experience so that they are ready to enter the world of work.

Abstrak :
Puskesmas merupakan suatu fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan tingkat pertama yang berfokus pada pelayanan atau upaya promotif dan preventif di wilayah kerjanya. Dalam rangka upaya pembangunan kesehatan, puskesmas diharapkan untuk menerapkan kegiatan Evaluasi Penggunaan Obat (EPO) dan Penggunaan Obat Rasional (POR) yang merupakan salah satu implementasi dari Rencana Aksi Kegiatan Peningkatan Pelayanan Kefarmasian tahun 2020-2024 oleh Direktorat Pelayanan Kefarmasian. Salah satu capaian dari kegiatan ini meliputi gambaran terkait pola penggunaan obat pada suatu kasus atau suatu waktu tertentu misalnya untuk mencegah timbulnya Anti-Microbial Resistance (AMR) akibat adanya penggunaan antibiotik yang tidak rasional sehingga upaya dalam POR ini masih terus ditingkatkan. Oleh karena itu, pembuatan tugas khusus PKPA ini dilakukan berkaitan dengan evaluasi penggunaan obat (EPO) yang dilakukan secara kuantitatif dan kualitatif untuk melihat profil penggunaan obat rasional (POR) di Puskesmas Kecamatan Kalideres pada periode Januari – Juni 2021 yang diharapkan dapat digunakan sebagai evaluasi dalam meningkatkan pelayanan kesehatan di wilayah Puskesmas. Penelitian ini dilakukan terkait Evaluasi Penggunaan Obat (EPO) secara kuantitatif menggunakan metode ATC/DDD serta DU90%, dan kualitatif untuk menilai Penggunaan Obat Rasional (POR). Berdasarkan pengamatan dan pengerjaan laporan tugas khusus Praktik Kerja Profesi Apoteker (PKPA) yang telah dilaksanakan di Puskesmas Kecamatan Kalideres diperoleh bahwa profil penggunaan 5 obat teratas pada pasien di Puskesmas Kecamatan Kalideres pada periode Januari – Juni 2021 adalah Kaptopril tab 25 mg, Metformin tab 500 mg, Vitamin C tab 50 mg, Parasetamol tab 500 mg, dan Omeprazol kapsul 20 mg dengan penggunaan obat yang sudah rasional dengan target capaian kinerja POR > 70%. ......Public Health Centre is a first-level health service facility that focuses on promotive and preventive services or efforts in its working area. In the framework of health development efforts, Public Health Centre are expected to implement Drug Use Evaluation and Rational Drug Use activities which are one of the implementations of the Action Plan for Pharmaceutical Service Improvement Activities 2020-2024 by the Directorate of Pharmaceutical Services. One of the achievements of this activity includes an overview regarding the pattern of drug use in a particular case or at a certain time, for example to prevent the emergence of Anti-Microbial Resistance (AMR) due to irrational use of antibiotics so that efforts in this Rational Drug Use are still being improved. Therefore, the creation of this apothecary internship special task was carried out in relation to the evaluation of drug use which was carried out quantitatively and qualitatively to see the profile of rational drug use at the Kalideres Public Health Center in the period January - June 2021 which is expected to be used as an evaluation in improve health services in the their area. This research was conducted regarding the Evaluation of Drug Use quantitatively using the ATC/DDD method and DU90%, and qualitatively to assess Rational Drug Use. Based on observations, it was found that the profiles of the top 5 drug use in patients at the Kalideres Public Health Center in the period January - June 2021 are Captopril tab 25 mg, Metformin tab 500 mg , Vitamin C tab 50 mg, Paracetamol tab 500 mg, and Omeprazole capsule 20 mg with the use of drugs that are already rational with the target of Rational Drug Uses > 70%.

Abstrak :
Public health center reform as decentralization step in health sector had poured into SK Menkes No. 128/MENKES/SK/2004 about public health center basic policies. The aims of this research are to identified policy and strategy of district health office on health center reform included health human resources reform, health effort reform, health financing reform, and health management reform. The research done in 6 provinces, by purposive sampling that is DIY, Bengkulu, South Kalimantan, South Sulawesi, East Kalimantan and papua province. Each province chosen 1 regency and 1 municipality. Health Center which performing reform chose, amount of sample health center around 52 units. Data collecting done by indepth interview, secondary data and focus group discussion (FGD), and y descriptive analysis. The result of research indicating that policy and strategy District Health Office in supporting health center reform, (a) in HRD reform performed through flattening health personnel with job contract, (b) in health center effort reform through improving health services access ad revitalization, (c) in health financing reform performed with health center services with Certification ISO 9001 and Community Based Health Effort (UKBM) revitalization. Therefore necessary done institutional established in regional and relation manner, as well as allocating health budget suitable with determined health development objectives

Abstrak :
Backgrounds: Since decentralization year 2001, various innovations have been made by the districts or municipalities, especially on delegating broader decision space for management of community health centers to meet demands for qualified medical care. Objective: This study aimed to determine the relationship on autonomy level at health centers (decision space) of employee motivation. The motivation of employees was related to the concept of Motivating Potential Score, that composed of Skill Variety, Task Identity, Task Significance, Autonomy, and Job Feedback. Methods: tt was an observational study with a cross sectional design, carried out at Puskesmas Depok /I (150 type), Sleman District, Yogyakarta Province and at Puskesmas Bangil (self-management type), Pasuruan District, and Puskesmas Karangsari (free type), Blitar Municipality both in East Java Province. The study was done from May to December 2009. Respondents were employees at public health centers taken by random sampling to proportional size. Analysis were to assess the status of autonomy relationship with employee motivation at public health centers, tested by anova and combined with qualitative analysis from in-depth interviews to heads of the centers. Results: Results showed that most employeer motivation at each type of health centers was cathegorized as fairly autonomy status for public health center with 150 (62.5%), self-management (72%) and free type (75.7%). The Anova test were F = 1.450 at p-value = 0.240 (p > 0.05). Hence, it could be said there was no difference on employee motivation at health center type, 150, self-managed and free type. Recommendations: This study recommends that heads of community health centers should be able to encourage development of intrinsic motivation to create leadership to give inspiration for employees and supportive work environment, empowering employees, delegating meaningful work and enhancing employee competency.