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Abstrak :
Pusat perbelanjaan merupakan ruang tertutup publik berkepemilikan privat yang memiliki beragam program dan rupa ruang. Tidak hanya itu, keberagaman ini juga dapat dilihat dari segi penggunanya. Dengan terdapatnya keberagaman tersebut, menemukan ruang yang berada di dalam pusat perbelanjaan bukan hal yang mudah. Saat dihadapkan pada situasi yang menuntut kecepatan dalam menemukan ruang, proses ini dapat menjadi menyita waktu. Dalam hal demikian, ingatan akan posisi ruang terhadap pusat perbelanjaan dan juga kognisi spasial yang didapat dari pengalaman masa lampau menjadi penting. Keterkaitan antara ingatan dan kognisi spasial dalam proses menemukan ruang dalam ruang akan dianalisis secara kualitatif dari hasil simulasi. Analisis tersebut dilakukan mengacu kepada teori mengenai ingatan, kognisi spasial, dan juga merujuk pada teori menemukan ruang yang kemudian diolah sesuai dengan lingkup pembahasan. Berdasarkan analisis terhadap simulasi, dalam proses penemuan kembali, peran ingatan dan kognisi spasial didukung oleh beberapa faktor yang terdapat pada lingkungan. Faktor tersebut berupa tipe bangunan, tampilan toko, kualitas distrik, hubungan dengan ruang luar, dan keberadaan pengguna lain. ......Shopping center is an indoor public space occupied by private sector that has a diverse spatial programme and form. This diversity can also be viewed in terms of users. With the presence of such diversity, finding space within the shopping center is not easy. When user faced by a situation that demands speed in finding space, this process can be wasting time. In such case, the memory of the certain location towards shopping center space and spatial cognition derived from past experience is important. The link between memory and spatial cognition in the process of finding space within space will be qualitatively analized by doing wayfinding simulation. The analysis is carried out referring to the theory of memory, spatial cognition, as well as the theory of finding space, which will be processed according to the scope of study. Based on the analysis of the simulation, in the process of refinding space within shopping center, the role of memory and spatial cognition is supported by several factors on the environment. These factors are the type of building, store display, the quality of district, the spatial relation between inside and out, and the presence of others.

Abstrak :
Berfikir mengenai masa depan merupakan kemampuan kognitif yang mendasar pada manusia dan merupakan kemampuan yang sangatpenting. Mental Time Travel (MTT) merupakan kemampuan yang dimiliki manusia untuk merecall masa lalu dan memprediks imasa depan. Selain berfikir mengenai masa depan kemampuan untuk memprediksi mental state orang lain (Theory of Mind/ ToM) juga merupakan kemampuan yang mendasar yang harus dimiliki oleh manusia untuk membuat perencanaan, memprediksi masa depan serta mengantisipasi masalah yang akan dihadapi. Kedua kemampuan tersebut begitu penting dan mendasar pada manusia. Salah satu faktor yang diduga memberikan pengaruh terhadap MTT adalah perolehan ToM. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan penelitian lebih jauh untuk melihat bagaimana kontribusi perolehan ToM terhadap perkembangan MTT. Untuk melihat kontribusi perolehan ToM terhadap MTT dilakukan pengukuran MTT melalui 2 eksperimen (Verbal task dan Tool Task) serta pengukuran skala ToM yang dikembangkan oleh Wellman dan liu (2011) pada anak usia 3-5 tahun. Hasil dari penelitian ini diperoleh usia mulai berkembangnya MTT, urutan perolehan ToM serta kontribusi perolehan ToM terhadap MTT di mana Perolehan ToM memiliki kontribusi positif sebesar 28% terhadap perkembangan MTT. ...... Thinking of the future is the human’s basic cognitive ability and it’s really important. Mental Time Travel (MTT) is ability to recalling the past and predict the future. Besides thinking of the future, ability to predict others mental state (Theory of Mind) is also the basic competence which humans should have in order to make a plan, predict a future and anticipated problem which will be faced. The two competences are really basic and important for human. One of factor which are assumed giving the influence on MTT is Theory of Mind (ToM) acquisition. Therefore, it is needed to do the future research to see how the contribution of ToM acquisition on MTT. In order to see the contribution ToM acquisition to MTT, the researcher did MTT measurement by doing two eksperiment (verbal task and tool task) and ToM measurement develop by Wellman & Liu (2011) on the 3-5 year children. The result of the research are when MTT develops, the sequence of ToM acquisition and the contribution of ToM acquisition on MTT, which is the ToM acquisition has positive contribution 28% on Mental Time Travel.

Abstrak :
[This book takes a multidisciplinary approach to emotion, with contributions from biologists, psychologists, neuroscientists, robot engineers, and artists. A wide range of emotional phenomena is discussed, including the notion that humans’ sophisticated sensibility, as evidenced by our aesthetic appreciation of the arts, is based at least in part on a basic emotional sensibility that is found in young children and perhaps even some non-human animal species. As a result, this book comprises a unique comparative perspective on the study of emotion. A number of chapters consider emotions in a variety of animal groups, including fish, birds, and mammals. Other chapters expand the scope of the book to humans and robots. Specific topics covered in these chapters run the gamut from lower-level emotional activity, such as emotional expression, to higher-level emotional activity, such as altruism, love, and aesthetics. Taken as a whole, the book presents manifold perspectives on emotion and provides a solid foundation for future multidisciplinary research on the nature of emotions., This book takes a multidisciplinary approach to emotion, with contributions from biologists, psychologists, neuroscientists, robot engineers, and artists. A wide range of emotional phenomena is discussed, including the notion that humans’ sophisticated sensibility, as evidenced by our aesthetic appreciation of the arts, is based at least in part on a basic emotional sensibility that is found in young children and perhaps even some non-human animal species. As a result, this book comprises a unique comparative perspective on the study of emotion. A number of chapters consider emotions in a variety of animal groups, including fish, birds, and mammals. Other chapters expand the scope of the book to humans and robots. Specific topics covered in these chapters run the gamut from lower-level emotional activity, such as emotional expression, to higher-level emotional activity, such as altruism, love, and aesthetics. Taken as a whole, the book presents manifold perspectives on emotion and provides a solid foundation for future multidisciplinary research on the nature of emotions.]

Abstrak :
this article aims at describing the essay, how to compose them, and how to use scoring rubric or scoring criteria in assessing the students answers. there are some advantages and disadvantages of these tests. the main advantage because of its function to know about testee's competences in higher level thinking, such as: to analyze, to interpret, to sinthesize, to evaluate, and to predict something. this test is also effective in assessing complex learning outcomes, relatively easy to construct, and guessing is eliminated on the contrary it is difficult to be scored objectively because there is no common set of criteria for all students in essay tests, scores are as unreliable, well as effect or personal judgement, which can be catagorized as the disadvantages of essay test. to prevent the disadvantages, evaluates may use "the guidelines for writing clear essay questions "such as using keywords to specify thinking process, stating requirements clearly, indicate response length expected, setting time limits, and giving weights to questions. evaluators can also make scoring rubric to assess students answers to avoid unreliabilities.