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Abstrak :
Ruang Lingkup dan Cara Penelitian : Malnutrisi seringkali terjadi pada penderita Gagal Ginjal kronik (GGK) dengan Hemodialisis (HD), yang disebabkan oleh berbagai faktor termasuk gangguan metabolisme energi dan protein, perubahan hormonal, infeksi, serta asupan makanan. Di samping itu, hemodi alisis sendiri meningkatkan katabolisme protein. Untuk mengatasi keadaan tersebut diperlukan asupan protein lebih besar dari penderita non dialisis. Substitusi analog keto dan asam amino esensial pada penderita GGK dengan HD, dapat diharapkan memperbaiki gangguan metabolisme protein tanpa menambah beban pada ginjal. Di dalam tubuh analog keto mengalami transaminasi membentuk asam amino esensial yang diperlukan untuk sintesa protein, oleh karena itu, suplementasi campuran analog keto dan asam amino esensial dipertimbangkan untuk meningkatkan asupan protein. Di Indonesia belum pernah dilakukan penelitian suplementasi campuran analog keto dan asam amino esensial pada penderita GGK dengan HD, walaupun di negara maju dengan kondisi berbeda sudah pernah dilakukan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menilai pengaruh suplementasi analog keto dan asam amino esensial terhadap status protein penderita GGK dengan HD.Campuran analog keto dan asam amino esensial sebanyak 7,5 g dan vitamin B6 20 mg dalam bentuk-kapsul sebanyak 9 kapsul, diberikan secara peroral setiap hari selama 3 minggu. Penelitian dilakukan secara acak sederhana tersamar tunggal terhadap 39 penderita GGK dengan HD. Penderita GGK dengan HD dibagi dalam 2 kelompok, masing-masing 20 dan 19 orang. Kelompok kontrol diberi kapsul plasebo dan kelompok perlakuan diberikan suplementasi. Data 10 orang masing-masing 5 orang dari tiap kelompok dikeluarkan karena tidak memenuhi persyaratan. Hasil dan Kesimpulan : Nilai rata-rata(Y) kadar transferin kelompok kontrol dan perlakuan sebelum dilakukan suplementasi adalah berturut-turut (396,73 ± 48,38 mg/dl) dan (406,71t 31,95 mg/dl) Sesudah suplementasi kadar transferin pada kelompok kontrol cenderung penurunan lebih besar ( 390,92 ± 54,92 mg/dl) daripada kelompok perlakuan (387,73 ± 63,88 mg/dl) tetapi hasil uji statistik terhadap perubahan ini tidak bermakna (p > 0,05). Kesimpulan: Suplementasi campuran analog keto dan asam amino esensial pada penderita GGK dengan HD yang mempunyai status protein baik, agaknya tidak memberi pengaruh terhadap status proteinnya.

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The Effects Of Supplementation Of A Mixture Of Ketoanalogues And Essential Amino Acids On The Protein Status Of Chronic Renal Failure Patients On HemodialysisScope and Method of study: Malnutrition often occurs to chronic renal failure (CRF) patients on hemodialysis (HD). This may be a consequence of multiple factors including disturbances in energy and protein metabolism, hormonal derangements, infections and poor food intake. Besides, hemodialysis it self increases protein catabolism. To overcome such cases CRF patients on HD need more protein intake than non dialysis patients. Substituting ketoanalogues (SA)-and essential amino acids (EAA) in CRF patients on HD is hoped to be able to-eliminate the disturbance of protein metabolism without adding more work load to the kidney. In the body ketoanalogues undergo transamination to form EAA needed to synthesize protein. Therefore, supplementation of a mixture of KA and EAA is considered as means to increase protein intake. In Indonesia a study on the supplementation of a mixture of KA and EAA has never been done, whereas in developed countries, some have been done on different conditions. The aim of this study is to asses the effects of a mixture of KA and EAA on the protein status of CEF patients on HD. A mixture of KA and EAA amounting to 7,5 g and 20 mg of vitamin B6 was put into 9 capsules orally for three weeks. In this study 39 CRF patient on HD were randomly divided into two groups, each consisted of 20 and 19 subjects. The control group was given placebo capsules, and the treatment group was given supplementation. Ten subjects, 5 from each group,were excluded because they didn't participate well in the study. Findings and Conclusions : The mean of transferrin level of the control and treatment groups before the supplementation was 396,73 ± 48,38 mg/dl and 406,71 ± 31,95 mg/dl respectively. After the supplementation transferrin level of the control group to decreased (390,92 ± 54,92 mg/dl) more than that of the treatment group (387,73 ± 63,88 mg/dl). However, statistically the change was not significant. It can be concluded that the supplementation of a mixture of KA and EAA to CR patients on HD who had good protein status, presumably, did not affect their protein status.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Early Childhood Caries ECC merupakan penyakit infeksi kronis pada gigi anak-anak usia 3 ndash; 5 tahun, yang dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor, salah satunya adalah saliva. Saliva memiliki viskositas dan komponen salah satunya adalah protein yang berperan penting dalam mempertahankan rongga mulut dari patogen penyebab ECC. Tujuan: Menganalisis profil protein dan viskositas saliva pada pasien ECC dan bebas karies. Metode: Viskositas saliva dinilai secara visual dan profil protein saliva dianalisis menggunakan metode SDS PAGE. Hasil: Ditemukan 5 profil protein dengan gambaran yang paling jelas dengan berat molekul 15 kDa, 25 kDa, 60 kDa, 65 kDa dan 95 kDa pada pasien ECC dengan frekuensi kemunculan secara berurutan sebesar 8, 3, 16, 6, 2 dan pada bebas karies sebesar 14, 5, 16, 16, 9. Viskositas saliva pada pasien ECC tinggi dan pada bebas karies rendah. Kesimpulan: Pada pasien ECC ditemukan frekuensi kemunculan profil protein 15 kDa, 25 kDa, 65 kDa dan 95 kDa yang lebih sedikit dibandingkan dengan bebas karies. Sedangkan profil protein 60 kDa ditemukan frekuensi kemunculan yang sama pada pasien ECC dan bebas karies. Viskositas pada pasien ECC lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan bebas karies. Latar Belakang: Early Childhood Caries ECC merupakan penyakit infeksi kronis pada gigi anak-anak usia 3 ndash; 5 tahun, yang dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor, salah satunya adalah saliva. Saliva memiliki viskositas dan komponen salah satunya adalah protein yang berperan penting dalam mempertahankan rongga mulut dari patogen penyebab ECC. Tujuan: Menganalisis profil protein dan viskositas saliva pada pasien ECC dan bebas karies. Metode: Viskositas saliva dinilai secara visual dan profil protein saliva dianalisis menggunakan metode SDS PAGE. Hasil: Ditemukan 5 profil protein dengan gambaran yang paling jelas dengan berat molekul 15 kDa, 25 kDa, 60 kDa, 65 kDa dan 95 kDa pada pasien ECC dengan frekuensi kemunculan secara berurutan sebesar 8, 3, 16, 6, 2 dan pada bebas karies sebesar 14, 5, 16, 16, 9. Viskositas saliva pada pasien ECC tinggi dan pada bebas karies rendah. Kesimpulan: Pada pasien ECC ditemukan frekuensi kemunculan profil protein 15 kDa, 25 kDa, 65 kDa dan 95 kDa yang lebih sedikit dibandingkan dengan bebas karies. Sedangkan profil protein 60 kDa ditemukan frekuensi kemunculan yang sama pada pasien ECC dan bebas karies. Viskositas pada pasien ECC lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan bebas karies.

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ABSTRACT
Early Childhood Caries ECC is a chronic infection disease of dental on children with 3 ndash 5 years old, that are caused by many factors, one of which is saliva. Saliva has viscosity, and component specifically protein, that play an important role in maintaining oral cavity from pathogen causing ECC. Objective To analyze protein profile and salivary viscosity from ECC and caries free subjects. Method Salivary viscosity was assessed visually and salivary protein profile were analyzed using SDS PAGE. Result 5 most prominent protein profiles with molecular mass 15 kDa, 25 kDa, 60 kDa, 65 kDa and 95 kDa were found in ECC patient with frequency of occurrences in order 8, 3, 16, 6, 2 and in caries free subject 14, 5, 16, 16, 9. Salivary viscosity on ECC patient was high and on caries free patient was low. Conclussion On ECC patient, frequency of occurrences of salivary protein profile 15 kDa, 25 kDa, 65 kDa and 95 kDa were found less than on caries free subject. Meanwhile, protein profile 60 kDa has the same frequency of occurrence on ECC and caries free subject. Viscosity on ECC patient was higher than caries free subject.

Abstrak :
The aim of this book is to provide an overview of the developments as seen by some of the main contributors to the field. The chapters are not intended to give exhaustive reviews of the literature but, instead to illustrate examples demonstrating the sort of information, which infrared techniques can provide and how this information can be extracted from the experimental data. By discussing the strengths and limitations of the infrared approaches for the investigation of folding and misfolding mechanisms this book helps the reader to evaluate whether a particular system is appropriate for studies by infrared spectroscopy and which specific advantages the techniques offer to solve specific problems.

Abstrak :
Kanker kolorektal diketahui berhubungan dengan massa otot yang rendah. Massa otot yang rendah dihubungkan dengan luaran klinis yang buruk. Telah diketahui bahwa asupan protein adalah salah satu faktor yang berperan dalam mempertahankan massa otot. Namun, studi-studi yang ada mengenai efek pemberian protein tinggi pada pasien kanker kolorektal terhadap massa otot belum dapat disimpulkan karena kurangnya bukti dari penelitian berkualitas baik dan intervensi pada studi yang berbeda-beda. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui korelasi antara asupan protein dengan indeks massa otot skelet pada pasien kanker kolorektal yang dirawat inap di Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Nasional Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo (RSCM). Penelitian menggunakan desain potong lintang pada subjek dewasa kanker kolorektal yang dirawat inap di RSCM. Asupan protein dinilai menggunakan multiple 24 hour recall. Indeks massa otot skelet didapatkan dari pengukuran massa otot skelet dalam kilogram menggunakan BIA multifrequency, lalu dibagi dengan tinggi badan dalam meter yang dikuadratkan. Sebanyak 52,5% subjek berjenis kelamin perempuan dan 50% subjek berada pada stadium IV. Terapi yang paling banyak telah dijalani subjek adalah kombinasi pembedahan dan kemoterapi (n=16, 40%). Tidak ditemukan korelasi antara asupan protein dan indeks massa otot skelet (r = -0,04, P=0,795). ......Colorectal cancer is known to be associated with low muscle mass. Low muscle mass is associated with poor clinical outcome. It is known that protein intake is one of the factors that play a role in maintaining muscle mass. However, the existing studies on the effect of administering high protein in colorectal cancer patients on muscle mass have not been definitively concluded due to the lack of evidence from good quality studies and differences of intervention in existing studies. The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation between protein intake and skeletal muscle mass index in colorectal cancer patients who were hospitalized at the RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo (RSCM). The study used a cross-sectional design on adult subjects with colorectal cancer who were hospitalized at RSCM. Protein intake was assessed using multiple 24 hour recalls. Skeletal muscle mass index was obtained from the measurement of skeletal muscle mass in kilograms using BIA multifrequency, then divided by height in meters squared. A total of 52.5% of the subjects were female and 50% of the subjects were in stage IV. The most common therapy that the subject had undergone was a combination of surgery and chemotherapy (n=16, 40%). No correlation was found between protein intake and skeletal muscle mass index (r = -0.04, P=0.795).

Abstrak :
With chapters provided by international leading experts, this book covers the recent advances in protein and peptide mass spectrometry. Focusing on the pharmaceutical industry, it addresses both emerging techniques, including imaging mass spectrometry, ion mobility, and microwave-assisted mass spectrometry, and recent applications, including pharmaceutical analysis throughout the drug development cycle. The book stresses practice and applications, providing real world examples from industry contributors. After overviewing methodology and discussing recent studies, the remaining chapters address newer techniques for determining protein structure, interactions with peptides, proteins, and ligands, and protein folding and unfolding.