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Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Pasien rawat inap dengan malnutrisi dapat mengalami kehilangan albumin melalui saluran cerna yang ditandai dengan penurunan albumin serum dan peningkatan kadar AAT tinja. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menilai kehilangan protein melalui saluran cerna pada pasien di ruang rawat inap RSCM. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan potong lintang dengan uji deskriptif analitik, dengan menilai kadar AAT tinja dan albumin serum penderita rawat inap. Hasil penelitian pada 41 subjek malnutrisi dan 33 subjek tidak malnutrisi mendapatkan nilai median AAT tinja pada kelompok malnutrisi sebesar 86,9 mg/dL dengan rentang 26,3 - 310,3 mg/dL. Pada kelompok tidak malnutrisi didapat median nilai AAT tinja 12,2 mg/dL dengan rentang 1,4 - 25,6 mg/dL. Rerata albumin serum pada kelompok malnutrisi adalah 2,6 ± 0,4 g/dL sedangkan pada kelompok tidak malnutrisi 4,0 ± 0,4 g/dL. Terdapat korelasi kuat yang berlawanan arah antara kadar AAT tinja dan kadar albumin serum yang berarti terjadi kebocoran albumin serum melalui saluran cerna akibat gangguan integritas usus terutama pada pasien yang mengalami malnutrisi.

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ABSTRACT
Hospitalized patients with malnutrition can have albumin loss through gastrointestinal tract characterized by the decreased of serum albumin and the increased levels of fecal AAT. The purpose of this study was to assess the loss of protein through the gastrointestinal tract in hospitalized patients at RSCM hospital. The study was a cross-sectional study with descriptive analytic approach, assessing the levels of fecal AAT and serum albumin from 41 malnourish and 33 non malnourish subject. Fecal AAT median scores among the malnourished group was 86.9 mg/dL with a range from 26.3 to 310.3 mg/dL. In the non malnourished group fecal AAT median value was 12.2 mg / dL with a range from 1.4 to 25.6 mg/dL. The mean serum albumin in malnourished group was 2.6 ± 0.4 g/dL, while in the non malnourished group was 4.0 ± 0.4 g/dL. There is a strong negative correlation between fecal AAT levels and serum albumin, which indicates that serum albumin leakage through the gastrointestinal tract was due to impaired intestinal integrity especially in malnourished patients.

Abstrak :
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui laju pertumbuhan maksimum mikroalga yang dikultivasi dalam medium NPK Urea dan kandungan protein pada sampel kering mikroalga dengan metode uji absorbansi spektrofotometri uv-visible. Jenis mikroalga yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Chlorella vulgaris dan Spirulina plantesis. Laju pertumbuhan maksimum diperoleh dari tiga metode hitung yaitu haemositometer, absorbansi dan kapasitansi. Laju pertumbuhan maksimum Chlorella vulgaris diperoleh pada hari ketujuh masa kultivasi dengan jumlah 4.752.000 sel/ml dan Spirulina plantesis pada hari keenam dengan jumlah 64.000 sel/ml. Pengujian kandungan protein menggunakan alkaline copper reagen (ACR) yang memanfaatkan reaksi antara larutan tembaga (Cu2+), NaOH dan sampel. Perubahan warna sampel menjadi ungu menandakan adanya reaksi antara Cu2+ dengan ikatan peptida atau protein. Besarnya konsentrasi protein dapat diketahui dengan melihat nilai serapan pada panjang gelombang 520 nm. Kandungan protein yang dihasilkan dari berat kering sampel (w/w) dalam penelitian ini sebesar 14,78% untuk Chlorella vulgaris dan 16,06% untuk Spirulina plantesis. Jenis asam amino yang teridentifikasi berdasarkan perbandingan grafik BSA dengan sampel adalah tyrosin, phenylalanine dan tryptophan.

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This study has purpose to determine the maximum growth rate of microalgae cultivation in the NPK Urea medium and protein content on a dry microalgae sample with UV-visible absorbance spectrophotometry assay method. Type of microalgae used in this study was Chlorella vulgaris and Spirulina plantesis. The maximum growth rate is calculated using three methods: haemocytometer, absorbance and capacitance. Chlorella vulgaris maximum growth rate obtained on the seventh day of cultivation period with the number 4.752.000 cells/ml and Spirulina plantesis on the sixth day with the number 64.000 cells/ml. The protein content was tested using alkaline copper reagent (ACR) which utilizes the reaction between copper (Cu2+), NaOH and samples. The color change of samples turn to purple indicates there are reaction between Cu2+ and peptide bonds or protein. The amount of protein concentration can be determined by looking the absorption value at 520 nm wavelength. The result of protein content of the dry sample weight (w/w) in this study amounted to 14.78% for Chlorella vulgaris and 16.06% for Spirulina plantesis. Types of amino acid were identified by comparison with a standart BSA is tyrosine, phenylalanine and tryptophan.

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This dissertation comprehensively demonstrates how two universally conserved guanosine triphosphatases in the signal recognition particle and its membrane receptor maintain the efficiency and fidelity of the co-translational protein targeting process essential to all cells. A series of quantitative experiments reveal that the highly ordered and coordinated conformational states of the machinery are the key to their regulatory function. This dissertation also offers a mechanistic view of another fascinating system in which multistate protein machinery closely control critical biological processes.

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With increasing use of ligand-binding assays (LBAs) in the pharmaceutical industry, the need to critically evaluate technical and regulatory issues related to the use of these technologies has increased greatly. This book fills that void and provides a reference text covering critical aspects of the development, validation, and implementation of LBAs in the drug development field. It includes: immunochemistry and protein chemistry, method development, validation, statistics, software, regulatory issues, and applications to immunogenicity and biomarkers.

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This book contains contributions from interdisciplinary scientists to collectively address the issue of targeting carbohydrate recognition for the development of novel therapeutic and diagnostic agents. The book covers (1) biological problems involving carbohydrate recognition, (2) structural factors mediating carbohydrate recognition, (3) design and synthesis of lectin mimics that recognize carbohydrate ligands with high specificity and affinity, and (4) modulation of biological and pathological processes through carbohydrate recognition

Abstrak :
Discover the link between the latest chemical biology approaches and novel drug therapies! Protein Targeting with Small Molecules: Chemical Biology Techniques and Applications takes readers beyond the use of chemical biology in basic research, providing a highly relevant look at techniques that can address the challenges of biology and drug design and development. This indispensable bench companion features up-to-date coverage of advances in chemistry and assesses their impact on developing new therapeutics, making it ideal for chemical biologists and medicinal chemists who are developing small molecule drugs to target proteins and treat diseases. In addition, the book examines the full range of complex biological systems and their interrelationship with chemistry, from the interaction of biological response modifiers with proteins to the chemical biology of cell surface oligosaccharides. Distinguished by an overview of chemical biology that is reinforced and clarified by detailed examples and descriptions of techniques, Protein Targeting with Small Molecules: Chemical Biology Techniques and Applications:* Introduces key technologies and methods of chemical biology designed to detect the interactions of small molecules and proteins* Facilitates the discovery of small molecules that bind to proteins and describes the molecules' application in the investigation of biological processes* Presents timely coverage of the development of fluorescent probes for small molecules, as well as the generation of small molecule ligands and inhibitors* Reviews important techniques such as chemical genomics, target profiling, immobilization technology, detection methods, chemical inhibition, and structure-based targeting* Offers a compelling synopsis of data that underscores the recent progress made in the area of targeting proteins by small molecules

Abstrak :
The lock-and-key principle formulated by Emil Fischer as early as the end of the 19th century has still not lost any of its significance for the life sciences. The basic aspects of ligand-protein interaction may be summarized under the term 'molecular recognition' and concern the specificity as well as stability of ligand binding. Molecular recognition is thus a central topic in the development of active substances, since stability and specificity determine whether a substance can be used as a drug. Nowadays, computer-aided prediction and intelligent molecular design make a large contribution to the constant search for, e. g., improved enzyme inhibitors, and new concepts such as that of pharmacophores are being developed.

Abstrak :
This book about protein-protein Interactions as drug targets, targeting the MDM2-p53 protein-protein interaction for new cancer therapeutics, the development of small-molecule IAP antagonists for the treatment of cancer, protein-protein interaction targets to inhibit HIV-1 infection, inhibitors of protein-protein interactions paramyxovirus fusion ? a focus on respiratory syncytial virus, rational design strategies for developing synthetic inhibitors of helical protein interfaces, and the discovery of navitoclax, a Bcl-2 family inhibitor.