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Abstrak :
The last decade has witnessed remarkable discoveries and advances in our understanding of the tool using behaviour of animals. Wild populations of capuchin monkeys have been observed to crack open nuts with stone tools, similar to the skills of chimpanzees and humans. Corvids have been observed to use and make tools that rival in complexity the behaviours exhibited by the great apes. Excavations of the nut cracking sites of chimpanzees have been dated to around 4-5 thousand years ago. Tool Use in Animals collates these and many more contributions by leading scholars in psychology, biology and anthropology, along with supplementary online materials, into a comprehensive assessment of the cognitive abilities and environmental forces shaping these behaviours in taxa as distantly related as primates and corvids.

Abstrak :
Telah dilakukan penelitian pada kukang sumatra (Nycticebus coucang) di Penangkaran Pusat Studi Satwa Primata IPB. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui perilaku reproduksi N. coucang dan mengetahui kadar hormon metabolit Estrone Conjugate (E1C) N. coucang di penangkaran. Subjek penelitian terdiri dari dua individu N. coucang betina dewasa. Penelitian meliputi pengamatan aktivitas malam hari (nokturnal) pada pukul 17.00?05.00 (GMT +7) dengan metode Focal Animal Sampling dengan interval 10 menit tanpa jeda selama 1300 menit dalam tiga bulan, serta pengukuran kadar hormon metabolit E1C feses dengan metode ELISA (Enzyme-linked Immunoasorbent Assay) menggunakan Estrone Enzyme Immunoassay kit. Konsentrasi hormon metabolit E1C didapatkan melalui konversi nilai OD terhadap kurva standar y = -0,046ln(x) + 0,3088. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perilaku reproduksi pada N. coucang dengan persentase rerata 1%. Perilaku reproduksi yang teramati meliputi genital licking dan genital sniffing. Konsentrasi hormon metabolit E1C dengan konsentrasi tertinggi terdapat pada K5 tanggal 30 September 2015 (1634,73 ± 400,18 pg/ml) dan terendah terdapat pada K2 tanggal 11 Oktober 2015 (5,75 ± 555,82 pg/ml). Panjang siklus estrus berkisar antara 10-12 hari. ......Research on female Nycticebus coucang had conducted in Primate Research Center, Bogor. The purpose of this research is to examine the reproductive behavior and measure estrone conjugate (E1C) level in captive housed female N. coucang. Subject consists of two sexually adult N. coucang. Behavioral observation during the night (nocturnal) had been done at 17.00?05.00 (GMT +7) through Focal Animal Sampling with 10 minutes interval without pause for 1300 minutes in three months. E1C level had been done with the competitive-ELISA (Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay) method. E1C level was obtained through the conversion of OD value with standard curve y = -0,046 ln(x) + 0,3088. Results showed that the average percentage of reproductive behavior on N.coucang is 1%. Reproductive behavior observed were genital licking and genital sniffing. The highest E1C level was on K5?s September 30th 2015 (1634,73 ± 400,18 pg/ml) and the lowest was on K2?s October 11th 2015 (5,75 ± 555,82 pg/ml). The length of estrus cycle was ranged in 10-12 days.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Penelitian tentang preferensi pohon tidur joja (Presbytispotenziani) di Siberut Utara, Kepulauan Mentawai, telah dilakukan pada bulan Februari--Agustus 2010. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui preferensi dan karakteristik pohon tidur joja, serta memetakan pohon tidur tersebut di kawasan kajian. Penelitian dilakukan terhadap satu kelompok joja yang telah terhabituasi penuh. Metode yang digunakan adalah spotobservation. Hasil yang didapat menunjukkan tumbuhan yang dipakai sebagai pohon tidur sebanyak 13 spesies dengan kelimpahan tertinggi pada spesies petpetnuit atau nangka (Artocarpusinteger) sebesar 25,71%. Karakter pohon tidur yang digunakan di antaranya memiliki tinggi 26--30 m, diameter 41--70 cm, lebar tajuk 11--15 m, dan tidak dililit oleh liana. Joja cenderung memilih pohon tidur tertinggi dan terbesar, serta pohon yang dapat memberikan kenyamanan dan keamanan pada saat tidur. Distribusi pohon tidur tersebar di seluruh daerah jelajah (homerange) kelompok joja yang diamati, dengan pola mengelompok. Distribusi pohon tidur dipengaruhi oleh ketersediaan sumber pakan di kawasan kajian.

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ABSTRACT
Research on the sleeping tree preference of joja (Presbytispotenziani) at Northern Siberut, Mentawai Island, was conducted in February to August 2010. This study aims to determine the preferences and characteristics of joja sleeping trees, and to map sleeping trees of joja in the study area. The data were collected from a group of well-habituated joja. Spot observation method used for characterizing the sleeping trees. The results found that the trees used as sleeping trees were found to be 13 species, and they were used repeatedly with highest frequency in petpetnuit or nangka (Artocarpusinteger) amounted to 25,71%. The height of the sleeping trees was within the range 26--30 m, the DBH was 41--70 cm, the diameter of the crown was 11--15 m, and the average 0,41 liana attached on the sleeping trees. Joja usually selected the tallest trees and the trees with the greates DBH. Joja tends to choose the sleeping trees that support the comfort while sleeping and avoid predation risk. The distribution of sleeping trees are clustered all over home range. The distribution of food source within the study area influencing the choice of joja sleeping trees.

Abstrak :
In this volume, leading field workers report on the history and infrastructure of their projects in Madagascar, Africa, Asia and South America. More importantly, they provide summaries of their long-term research efforts on primate behaviour, ecology and life history, highlighting insights that were only possible because of the long-term nature of the study. The chapters of this volume collectively outline the many scientific reasons for studying primate behaviour, ecology and demography over multiple generations.