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"Traumatic usually in children because falls and the treatment is moderate. Frequency of traumatic is 7-13% from all traumatic case in primary dentition. Avultion is one of its and the treatment is replantation. This treatment needs an accurate examination. The function of primary dentition is for bite, talk and estetics expecially for the children in the growth and development stage. In this case the patient is a girl 3 1/2 years old, with incisive central upper jaw avultion because of falls replantation is the choise treatment, replantation be done 4 hours after falls. The clinical result after 5 month is no luxation, and the radiographic interpretation is good bone healing in incisive central."

"Dental fusion is the most common problem seen in the primary dentition. The incidence of dental fusion was approximately 0,5 % for deciduous dentition and 0,1% for permanent dentition. Fusion may be complete or incomplete. Its etiology was related to genetic or local factor. These anomaly could result in dental caries, esthetic problem, periodontal disease, dental malocclusion, and hypodontia in permanent dentition. Treatment of fused teeth depends on the location and the extent of fusion. This report describes an incomplete dental fusion wilh dentinal caries occurred on 72 and 73 while 32 was agenesis. The purpose of the treatment was to improve the esthetic performance and subsequently to keep the teeth until the exfoliation time. After the restoration of 72 and 73, the patient feel satisfied."

"The primary tooth with caries process could be abscess and became non-vital inflammation of the pulp tissue extents into the root canals. An effort to maintain the non-vital primary teeth with fistula ispulpectomy. The primary tooth pulpectomy is a common clinical procedure. The choice of filling material and antibacterial properties against organism to inhabit infected primary root canal is important. The choice of filling material is zinc oxide eugenol and antibacterial medicament is formocresol. One appointment formocresol pulpectomy procedure is indicated when inflammation of the pulp tissueextend into the root canals, and possibly involves the periapical and/or bifurcation area. ln this case, after treatment with one-appointment formocresol pulpectomy in non-vital incisive lateral primary tooth withfistula is successful in one and eight months. This procedure provides an alternative to extraction and space maintenance when the pediatric dentist encounters a non-vital primary tooth."

"Indonesian Journal of Dentistry 2006; Edisi Khusus KPPIKG XIV: 388-392Bottle-feeding period more than one year may influence the occlusion and will disturb the formation of strong muscle jaw. This effect will give an adverse result to permanent teeth. The type of malocclusion resulted from bad oral habit, may vary, depends on the type of oral habit, intensity, duration and frequency. The purpose of this study was to observe the relationship between duration of bottle-feeding and occlusion of primary teeth. The following occlusion relationship examined were overbite, overjet, caninus relationship, and terminal plane. The design of this study was cross-sectional analytic, which was carried out in pre-school children aged between 3-5 years old. The duration of bottle-feeding was categorized in 24 months, 25-36 months, 37-48 months, and >48 months. Overbite and overjet were measured from the cast using a digital caliper. Caninus relationship and terminal plane were also measured from the cast. The result of Pearson Correlation test revealed a weak relationships between the period of bottle-feeding and overbite (0,329) and overjet (r=0,372), whereas the result of Chi-Square test, used to investigate the correlation between caninus (r=0,111) and terminal plane was not statistically significant (r=0,170). Anova test was carried out to observe the difference of overbite and overjet affected by duration of bottle feeding. The result demonstrated an increase of overbite and overjet if duration of bottle-feeding was prolonged. Turkey HSD test result on bottle-feeding duration and overbite shows significant differences between group of <24 months, 25-36 months, and groups of 37-48 months, >48 months duration. Mean while Tukey HSD test result on bottle-feeding duration on overjet shows significant differences between group of <24 months, group 37-48 months, and >48 months duration. "

"The variation of teeth number can occur at initiation phase of tooth development, the etiology is unclear but it be supposed by the excessive lamina dental activity. The supernumerary teeth can be single or multiple, at one side or two side, with conical, tubercle or normal form, undergo eruption or impacted, and with parallel or contrary direction of teeth development. The supernumerary teeth in incisive region is mesiodens. In this case report, the supernumerary teeth occured at mixed tooth period which it result in the tooth arrangement is bad. The mesiodens was extracted as the position of upper jaw central incisive teeth were corrected. The second supernumerary tooth with contrary direction was removed by surgery."

"The purpose of this study was to determine whether different durations of conditioner application influenced glass ionomer cement penetration in dentin primary teeth. The conditioner being used was 10% poliacrylic acid. Samples in this study were 40 non-carious primary mandibular incisors. Samples were divided into 4 groups (10 samples each) : group A without conditioner, group B with seconds of conditioner application, group C with 20 seconds of conditioner application, and group D with 30 seconds of conditioner application. penetration of glass ionomer cement was observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with 2000X magnification. One-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD test showed significant difference between groups. Longer conditioner application resulted in longer glass ionomer penetration in dentin of primary teeth."