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"Ilmu pragmatik sebagai bagian dari ilmu linguistik mulai berkembang di Indonesia pada awal tahun 70-an. Walaupun sudah berjalan sekitar 20 tahun belum banyak orang yang menulis maupun yang membuat penelitian mengenai pragmatik. Saya mencoba membuat penelitian mengenai konvensi pragmatik sekelompok penutur bahasa Indonesia dan bahasa Jerman.Masalah-masalah yang dibahas dalam tesis ini terdiri atas: bentuk-bentuk pragmatik bahasa Indonesia dan bahasa Jerman; persamaan dan perbedaan bentuk-bentuk pragmatik bahasa Indonesia dan bahasa Jerman; dan faktor-faktor pragmatik yang harus ditekankan dalam pengajaran bahasa Jerman di Indonesia. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah; agar diperoleh bentuk-bentuk pragmatik bahasa Indonesia dan bahasa Jerman; persamaan dan perbedaan bentuk-bentuk pragmatik bahasa Indonesia dan bahasa Jarman; juga agar diperoleh hal-hal yang harus ditekankan dalam pengajaran bahasa Jerman di Indonesia.Hasil analisis menunjukkan faktor-faktor yang harus ditekankan dalam pengajaran bahasa Jerman ialah pengungkapan makna-makna yang berlainan caranya dalam bahasa Jerman dan dalam bahasa Indonesia, antara lain, pemakaian kata Herr... tidak bisa berdiri sendiri, tidak bisa dikombinasikan dengan nama depan atau nama panggilan, tetapi dikombinasikan dengan nama keluarga. Dalam bentuk sopan santun dipakai bentuk pengandaian Konnten Sie...? serta klausa pengandaian "Es ware nett, ...." Pemakaian partikel vielleicht; mal; doch besar pengaruhnya dalam kalimat sopan santun.Juga bentuk es dan man yang tidak terdapat dalam bahasa Indonesia perlu ditekankan oleh pengajar bahasa Jerman.

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Pragmatics is a discipline that has been developed since in the early 1970s. Although it has been over 20 year now, not many people have written nor showed an interest in this area. This Thesis is an attempt to study the pragmatic convention of a group of speakers both in the Indonesian and German language.The problems discussed in this thesis are as follows: the differences and similarities of pragmatic forms in both Indonesian and German; and pragmatic factors that should be emphasized in the teaching of Indonesian and German. The purpose of this study is to obtain the pragmatic forms in Indonesia, the similarities and differences in pragmatic form in both Indonesian and German; and to find the factors that should be emphasized in teaching of German-in IndonesiaThe finding in this analysis shows that the factors that should be emphasized in the teaching of German the differences in the expression of meanings in Indonesian and German, for example, the word `Herr' which cannot occur in isolation, and cannot be use with forenames or nicknames, but it should occur with Emily names. The polite form in German uses the conditional forms `Konnten Sle.... ?' and the conditional clause `Es ware nett '. The Use of the particles `vielleicht, mil, dock' has a great effect the polite forms. Also the forms `es' and `man' that do not exist in Indonesian should be emphasized by the teacher of German."

""Pragmatics is the study of human communication: the choices speakers make to express their intended meaning and the kinds of inferences that hearers draw from an utterance in the context of its use. This Handbook surveys pragmatics from different perspectives, presenting the main theories in pragmatic research, incorporating seminal research as well as cutting-edge solutions. It addresses questions of rational and empirical research methods, what counts as an adequate and successful pragmatic theory, and how to go about answering problems raised in pragmatic theory. In the fast-developing field of pragmatics, this Handbook fills the gap in the market for a one-stop resource to the wide scope of today's research and the intricacy of the many theoretical debates. It is an authoritative guide for graduate students and researchers with its focus on the areas and theories that will mark progress in pragmatic research in the future"--"

""Pragmatics is the study of human communication: the choices speakers make to express their intended meaning and the kinds of inferences that hearers draw from an utterance in the context of its use. This Handbook surveys pragmatics from different perspectives, presenting the main theories in pragmatic research, incorporating seminal research as well as cutting-edge solutions. It addresses questions of rational and empirical research methods, what counts as an adequate and successful pragmatic theory, and how to go about answering problems raised in pragmatic theory. In the fast-developing field of pragmatics, this Handbook fills the gap in the market for a one-stop resource to the wide scope of today's research and the intricacy of the many theoretical debates. It is an authoritative guide for graduate students and researchers with its focus on the areas and theories that will mark progress in pragmatic research in the future"-- Provided by publisher."Pragmatics is the study of human communication: the choices speakers make to express their intended meaning and the kinds of inferences that hearers draw from an utterance in the context of its use. This Handbook surveys pragmatics from different erspectives, presenting the main theories in pragmatic research, incorporating seminal research as well as cutting-edge solutions. It addresses questions of rational and empirical research methods, what counts as an adequate and successful pragmatic theory, and how to go about answering problems raised in pragmatic theory. In the fast-developing field of pragmatics, this Handbook fills the gap in themarket for a one-stop resource to the wide scope of today's research and the intricacy of the many theoretical debates. It is an authoritative guide for graduate students and researchers with its focus on the areas and theories that will mark progress in pragmatic research in the future"-- Provided by publisher.Contents Machine generated contents note: 1. Introduction: pragmatic objects and pragmatic methods Kasia M. Jaszczolt and Keith Allan; Part I. Problems and Theories: 2. Research paradigms in pragmatics Mira Ariel; 3. Saying, meaning, and implicating Kent Bach; 4. Implying and inferring Laurence R. Horn; 5. Speaker intentions and intentionality Michael Haugh and Kasia M. Jaszczolt; 6. Context and content: pragmatics in two-dimensional semantics Berit Brogaard; 7. Contextualism: some varieties François Recanati; 8. The psychology of utterance processing: context vs. salience Rachel Giora; 9. Sentences, utterances, and speech acts Mikhail Kissine; 10. Pragmatics in update semantics Henk Zeevat; 11. The normative dimension of discourse Jaroslav Peregrin; 12. Pragmatics in the (English) lexicon Keith Allan; 13. Conversational interaction Michael Haugh; 14. Empirical investigations and pragmatic theorising Napoleon Katsos; Part II. Phenomena and Applications: 15. Referring in discourse Arthur Sullivan; 16. Propositional attitude reports: pragmatic aspects Kasia M. Jaszczolt; 17. Presupposition and accommodation in discourse Rob van der Sandt; 18. Negation Jay David Atlas; 19. Connectives Caterina Mauri and Johan van der Auwera; 20. Spatial reference in discourse Luna Filipović; 21. Temporal reference in discourse Louis de Saussure; 22. Textual coherence as a pragmatic phenomenon Anita Fetzer; 23. Metaphor and the literal/nonliteral distinction Robyn Carston; Part III. Interfaces and the Delimitation of Pragmatics: 24. Pragmatics in the history of linguistic thought Andreas H. Jucker; 25. Semantics without pragmatics? Emma Borg; 26. The syntax/pragmatics interface Ruth Kempson; 27. Pragmatics and language change Elizabeth Closs Traugott; 28. Pragmatics and prosody Tim Wharton; 29. Pragmatics and information structure Jeanette K. Gundel; 30. Sociopragmatics and cross-cultural and intercultural studies Istvan Kecskes; 31. Politeness and pragmatics Marina Terkourafi."

"Untuk mengatasi kesimpangsiuran dan ketidakseragaman penggunaan preposisi dalam bahasa Indonesia, perlu kiranya diteliti sistem sintaktis dan semantis bahasa yang berkaitan dengan penggunaan preposisi. Bilamanakah dan preposisi apakah yang wajib digunakan sesudah verba tertentu. Sebagai langkah awal, penelitian ini dibatasi pada verba asal dan verba berprefiks ber-.Secara teoretis, hasil penelitian berupa kaidah penggunaan preposisi. Secara praktis, hasil penelitian berupa daftar verba dengan pasangan preposisinya.Penelitian ini bersifat kualitatif dan dilakukan dengan memetik kalimat yang mengandung verba asal berpreposisi atau verba berprefiks ber- berpreposisi. Setelah itu dilakukan analisis semantis dan sintaktis untuk membuktikan apakah suatu preposisi wajib hadir atau dapat dilesapkan (tidak wajib hadir) tanpa mengubah makna kalimat yang bersangkutan.Hasil analisis memperlihatkan bahwa preposisi yang wajib hadir dituntut oleh (a) makna verba, (b) ciri semantis nomina yang terdapat sesudah preposisi, (c) ciri semantis subjek, dan (d) tunggal atau jamaknya subjek. Bertolak dari hasil tersebut, disusunlah daftar verba asal dan verba berprefiks ber- bersama pasangan preposisinya yang wajib atau tidak wajib. Daftar tersebut diharapkan dapat membantu Para penutur bahasa Indonesia."