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Abstrak :
Kemiskinan dan ketimpangan distribusi pendapatan dan sosial selalu menjadi fenomena atau bagian dari suatu pembangunan sebuah negara khususnya negara yang sedang berkembang. Kemiskinan juga telah menjadi perhatian dunia, terutama sejak krisis ekonomi melanda Asia sejak tahun 1997. Berbagai program penanggulangan kemiskinan telah dicanangkan untuk menurunkan tingkat kemiskinan dan meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat bahkan jauh sebelum krisis terjadi. Namun sebelum krisis terjadi, evaluasi dampak suatu program penanggulangan kemiskinan terhadap tingkat kesejahteraan masyarakat di Indonesia jarang atau belum dilakukan. Padahal dana yang dipakai untuk pelaksanaan program penanggulangan kemiskinan biasanya merupakan pinjaman dari lembaga-lembaga keuangan dunia seperti World Bank, Asian Development Bank, dan lain-lain yang tentu saja menambah beban hutang Negara. Evaluasi pada umumnya hanya sampai pada taraf proses pelaksanaan, bukan hasil akhir yaitu kesejahteraan masyarakat. Baru setelah krisis terjadi, dimana alokasi sumberdaya menjadi begitu krusial, maka evaluasi dampak menjadi amat sangat penting dan diwajibkan oleh pemberi dana pinjaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan evaluasi dampak Program Pengentasan Kemiskinan di Perkotaan tahap dua (P2KP ? 2) di Jawa Barat dengan sasaran: (1) mengetahui apakah pelaksanaan P2KP ? 2 di Jawa Barat dapat meningkatkan kesejahteraan rumah tangga apabila dihitung berdasarkan konsumsi per kapita riil; dan (2) mengetahui apakah pelaksanaan P2KP ? 2 dapat mengeluarkan rumha tangga miskin dari kemiskinan.

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Poverty and inequality of income distribution have always been a phenomenon in the process of development of a country especially for developing countries. Poverty has also become a center of attention after the Asia?s economic crisis in 1997. There are several poverty alleviation programs that have been implemented to reduce poverty and improve social welfare, even far before the crisis. However, before the crisis hits, impact evaluation of a poverty alleviation program on the social welfare in Indonesia is rarely or never been done. On the other hand the source of fund of a poverty alleviation program mostly comes from overseas? loan such as World Bank, Asian Development Bank and others, that consequently increase the tax payer?s burden. Most evaluation that have been conducted on poverty alleviation program in previous years focus on the process of the program instead of the expected outcome or impact, i.e. reduced poverty and improved social welfare. Only after the crisis, where resource allocation become more and more crucial that the impact evaluation turn out to be more important and even set as a mandatory by the lender. The objective of this research is to conduct impact evaluation on Urban Poverty Project phase two (UPP-2) in Jawa Barat with two goals i.e.: (1) to know whether the UPP-2 in Jawa Barat could improve social welfare in terms of real consumption per capita, and (2) to know whether the UPP-2 in Jawa Barat could move the poor out of poverty.

Abstrak :
Masalah kesehatan mental merupakan tantangan dalam proses mencapai tujuan pembangunan di bidang kesehatan. Penelitian sebelumnya telah membuktikan bahwa kemiskinan akan merugikan kesehatan mental namun sebagian besar penelitian hanya berfokus pada kejadian kemiskinan. Padahal kemiskinan merupakan fenomena yang dinamis dan kedalaman kemiskinan antar individu berbeda-beda. Oleh karena itu, dengan menggunakan data dari IFLS 4 dan 5, penelitian ini menganalisis pengaruh kedalaman dan dinamika kemiskinan terhadap gejala depresi (CES-D) di Indonesia. Hasil dari model Poisson menemukan bahwa individu yang miskin kronis mengalami gejala depresi lebih banyak daripada mereka yang tidak pernah miskin, bertransisi dari tidak miskin menjadi miskin, dan miskin ke tidak miskin. Walaupun bukan miskin kronis, apabila individu tersebut memiliki riwayat gejala depresi, maka akan meningkatkan kemungkinan menderita gejala di masa depan. Untuk kedalaman kemiskinan, individu yang pernah miskin ekstrim akan memiliki skor CES-D yang lebih tinggi daripada mereka yang miskin tidak ekstim. Sedangkan kedalaman kemiskinan saat ini tidak signifikan. Dengan demikian, dibandingkan dengan kedalaman kemiskinan, dinamika kemiskinan lebih konsisten dalam mempengaruhi gejala depresi yang menunjukkan kesehatan mental merespon kemiskinan dalam jangka panjang dibandingkan jangka pendek. ......Mental health problems are challenges in the process of achieving development goals in the health sector. Previous studies have proven that poverty will harm mental health but most of these studies only focused on the incidence of poverty. Whereas poverty is a dynamic phenomenon and the depth of poverty between individuals is different. Therefore, using data from IFLS 4 and 5 this study examined the effect of depth and dynamic poverty on depression symptoms (CES- D) in Indonesia. The result from the Poisson model found that chronically poor individuals experienced more depressive symptoms than those who were never poor and transiently poor (poor-non poor and non-poor-poor). Although not chronically poor, individuals who have a history of depressive symptoms are more likely to have depressive symptoms in the future. As for the depth of poverty, extremely poor individuals will have higher CES-D scores than those who are not extreme poor. Meanwhile, the current depth of poverty is not significant. Thus, compared to the current depth of poverty, the dynamics of poverty are more consistent in influencing depressive symptoms which indicate mental health responds to poverty in the long term than in the short term.

Abstrak :
ABSTRACT
Poverty issue in East Nusa Tenggara Timur (NTT) has happened for years. Some efforts have been done, but there is no significant impact yet. Poverty issue in NTT is being the concern of Indonesia's government not only because of the high number of poverty, but also the location, which is in the border territory of Indonesia-Timor Leste. Actually, whether we realize it or not, NTT has a great potential for the problem caused by its dry soil and some social issues in its society. Some of those potential is able to be seen in five local economic sectors, i.e. demography, forestry, farming and animal husbandry, trading, and tourism. This article is written to explain how big the potential of NTT is and how to manage it in order to alleviate poverty. The approach used in this article is qualitative approach with literature review as well as data collecting method. There is no special method used in analyzing this article; it just utilizes objective analysis based on current data, situation, and condition. Based on the analysis, there are a lot of potentials in NTT, but they are yet to be developed well, whereas people are stuck in the current situation, so there is no significant achievement in poverty alleviation efforts. Potential utilization can be optimally taken through strategic, effective, and efficient efforts supported by the government, both nationally and locally, and NTT society. Through potential optimization, the poverty rate in NTT should be able to be pushed down.