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Abstrak :
Uji daya lekat mukoadesif dari polimer eksipien sangat penting dalam pengembangan sediaan lepas lambat oral dengan sistem mukoadesif untuk meningkatkan ketersediaan hayati obat. Telah diteliti daya lekat mukoadesif granul yang dibuat menggunakan polimer gelatin dengan uji bioadesif in vitro dan wash off pada lambung dan usus tikus. Gelatin merupakan suatu zat yang diperoleh dari hidrolisa parsial kolagen dari kulit, jaringan ikat putih dan tulang hewan. Gelatin yang berasal dari proses yang diasamkan dikenal sebagai gelatin Tipe A dan yang berasal dari proses yang dibasakan dikenal sebagai gelatin Tipe B. Penelitian ini mempelajari pengaruh berbagai kekuatan gel gelatin komersial tipe B terhadap sifat mukoadesifnya. Uji mukoadesif dilakukan pada konsentrasi pengenceran gel gelatin 7,14%, 3,66% dan 2,45% dengan kekuatan gel 328 g Bloom, 230 g Bloom dan 119 g Bloom. Hasil menunjukkan bawa formula granul gelatin dengan kekuatan gel 230 g Bloom yang memberikan kemampuan mukoadesif terbaik dengan perolehan persen perlekatan 100%.

Mucoadhesive test of polymer excipient is important for development of oral sustained release dosage form in mucoadhesive system to increase bioavailability of a drug. The study focused on mucoadhesive strength of gelatinus granules in stomach and intestine of rat using bioadhesive and wash off tests. Gelatin is a substance obtained from partially hydrolyzed collagen of skin, white cattle bones and animal bones. Gelatin derived from acid process is called type A gelatin and those from alkali process is called type B gelatin. This research studied the influence of various gel strength of type B gelatins, particularly their mucoadhesive characteristics. Mucoadhesive tests were performed at the concentration of 7.14%, 3.66%, and 2.45% and with gel strength of 328 g Bloom, 230 g Bloom and 119 g Bloom respectively. The results showed that granules formula with 230 g Bloom gel strength showed the best mucoadhesive strength, with adhesion percentage of 100%.

Abstrak :
Defek pada daerah kraniofasial memiliki struktur 3 dimensi yang rumit, sehingga memiliki tingkat kesulitan tersendiri saat dilakukan restorasi. Bone graft tetap menjadi pilihan utama pada rekonstruksi defek tulang segmental. Beberapa metode rekonstruksi defek tulang adalah dengan penggunaan bone graftberupa autograft, allograft, dan bone graft sintetik. Bone graft sintetik merupakan bahan yang paling mudah didapatkan, namun memiliki keterbatasan sifat osteogenik. Seperti beta tricalcium phospate yang terlalu cepat diresorbsi. Fibronectin merupakan komponen matriks ekstraselular yang diharapkan dapat meningkatkan aktivitas sel osteoblast sehingga meningkatkan potensi osteogenik pada bone graft sintetik. Metode: kultur sel osteoblas manusia (MG63) dalam jumlah yang cukup, dibagi dalam beberapa kelompok kelompok: kelompok 1 dipajankan dengan beta tricalcium phosphate dan kelompok lainnya dipajankan dengan beta tricalcium phospate dan fibronectin dengan konsentrasi yang berbeda . Pada hari ke-2, 6, 8 setelah pemajanan dilakukan pemeriksaan kadar osteokalsin terhadap kelompok-kelompok tersebut. Hasil yang didapat menunjukkan perbedaan yang tidak signifikan pada ekspresi osteokalsin pada kedua kelompok. Kesimpulan: Peran Fibronectin untuk mempercepat dan meningkatkan konsentrasi osteoklasin pada sel osteoblast tidak terlalu signifikan. Fibronectin dapat digunakan sebagai scaffold dalam rekayasa jaringan. Kata kunci: bone graft, Beta tricalcium phosphate, fibronectin, sel osteoblast, osteokalsin.

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Craniofacial defect comprises of complex 3D structure, therefore have high level of difficulty to restore. In segmental bone defect, bone graft remain a gold standard. Several methods of in bone defect reconstruction are using autograft, allograft, and synthetic bone graft. Synthetic bone graft have high availability but less of osteogenic potency. Beta Tricalcium phospate have good structure but the resorbtion time is fast. Fibronectin is an extracelullar matrix component that can increase osteoblast cell activity and osteogenic potency in synthetic bone graft. Method: human osteoblast cell line (MG63) divided into several groups, one group was given Beta tricalcium phospate and other groups was given beta tricalcium phospate and fibronectin with different concentration. On day 2, 6, 8 concentration of osteocalcin wasmeasured. The result shows no significant different in osteocalcin expression in those groups. Fibronectin role in increasing and accelerating osteocalcin concentration are not too significant. Fibronectin can be used as a scaffold in bone regeneration.

Abstrak :
This book includes about multiscale fibrous scaffolds in regenerative medicine, stem cells and nanostructures for advanced tissue regeneration, creating electrospun nanofiber-based biomimetic scaffolds for bone regeneration, synthetic/biopolymer nanofibrous composites as dynamic tissue engineering scaffolds, electrospun fibers as substrates for peripheral nerve regeneration, highly aligned polymer nanofiber structures : fabrication and applications in tissue engineering, electrospinning of biocompatible polymers and their potentials in biomedical applications, electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds-current status and prospects in drug delivery, and biomedical applications of polymer/silver composite nanofibers.

Abstrak :
The second edition of Tissue engineering using ceramics and polymers comprehensively reviews the latest advances in this area rapidly evolving area of biomaterials science. Part one considers the biomaterials used for tissue engineering. It introduces the properties and processing of bioactive ceramics and glasses, as well as polymeric biomaterials, particularly biodegradable polymer phase nanocomposites. Part two reviews the advances in techniques for processing, characterization, and modeling of materials. The topics covered range from nanoscale design in biomineralization strategies for bone tissue engineering to microscopy techniques for characterizing cells to materials for perfusion bioreactors. Further, carrier systems and biosensors in biomedical applications are considered. Finally, part three looks at the specific types of tissue and organ regeneration, with chapters concerning kidney, bladder, peripheral nerve, small intestine, skeletal muscle, cartilage, liver, and myocardial tissue engineering. Important developments in collagen-based tubular constructs, bioceramic nanoparticles, and multifunctional scaffolds for tissue engineering and drug delivery are also explained.