Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"ABSTRAKKawasan Kampus Univesitas Indonesia merupakan habitat alami bagi tumbuhan Amorphophallus variabilis Bl. Pengamatan dilakukan di 6 (enam) lokasi di Kawasan Universitas Indonesia untuk mengetahui pola penyerbukan (polinasi) dan populasi A.variabilis Bl. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, penyerbukan A. variabilis terjadi 3 hari setelah mekarnya spatha pada perbungaan. Polinasi kemudian diikuti dengan fase pematangan buah yang terjadi selama 15 hari. Serangga yang berperan sebagai penyerbuk antara lain dari suku Nitidulidae, Endomychidae, Anthomyiidae, dan Tachinidae. Terdapat hubungan antara morfologi perbungaan dengan jumlah individuserangga yang berkunjung. Pola sebaran populasi A. variabilis di 6 (enam) lokasi penelitian menunjukkan pola yang mengelompok. Tidak terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan antara lokasi dengan karakter morfologi A. variabilis. Dominansi berkisar antara 0.01--0.06 frekuensi antara 0.2--0.4, dan jumlah individu / m2 berkisar antara 0.13--0.2 . Tinggi tumbuhan berkisar antara 5.2--160 cm dengan diameter 0.05--2.3 cm dengan berbagai variasi morfologi pada bagian perbungaan seperti osmofor, spatha, dan petiolus.

---

ABSTRACTUniversity of Indonesia Campus area is a natural habitat for Amorphophallus variabilis Bl. Observations were carried out in 6 locations in the Area, University of Indonesia to find out the pattern of pollination (pollination) and population of A. variabilis Bl. Based on the results of research, pollination A. variabilis occurred 3 days after blooming spatha on the inflorescence. Pollination followed by fruitripening phase that occurred during the 15 days. Insects that act as pollinators, such as from the tribe of Nitidulidae, Endomychidae, Anthomyiidae, and Tachinidae. There is a relationship between the morphology of the inflorescence with the number of individuals visiting insects. A. variabilis population distribution pattern in 6 (six)locations showed a clumped pattern. There was no significant effect between site and morphological characteristics of A. variabilis. Dominance ranged from 0,01 to 0.06, frequencies between 0.2 - 0.4, and the number of individuals / m2 ranged between 0.13--0.12. Plants high ranged from 5.2 - 160 cm with a diameter of 0.05 - 2.3 cmwith a variety of inflorescence morphology in sections like osmophores, spathes, and petioles."

"The pollination biology of North American orchids brings together, for the first time, a comprehensive treatment of this information for all native and introduced North American orchids found north of Mexico and Florida. It provides detailed information on genetic compatibility, breeding systems, pollinators, pollination mechanisms, fruiting success, and limiting factors for each species. Distribution, habitat, and floral morphology are also summarized. In addition, detailed line drawings emphasize orchid reproductive organs and their adaptation to known pollinators.This, the first of two volumes, furnishes a brief introduction to the general morphology of the orchid flower and the terminology used to describe orchid breeding systems and reproductive strategies. It treats the lady’s-slippers of genus cypripedium, subfamily cypripedioideae, and nine genera of the subfamily orchidoideae, including the diverse rein orchids of genus platanthera."

"The pollination biology of North American orchids brings together, for the first time, a comprehensive treatment of this information for all native and introduced North American orchids found north of Mexico and Florida. It provides detailed information on genetic compatibility, breeding systems, pollinators, pollination mechanisms, fruiting success, and limiting factors for each species. Distribution, habitat, and floral morphology are also summarized. In addition, detailed line drawings emphasize orchid reproductive organs and their adaptation to known pollinators.This, the second of two volumes, treats the subfamily orchidoideae with the tribe cranichideae. This is followed by examination of the seven North American tribes of subfamily Epidendroideae and the single North American tribe of subfamily Vanilloideae."

"Information on pollination ecology and seed dispersal aspects is essential to understand sexual reproduction in Lagascea mollis Cav. The study was aimed at providing details of pollen presentation system, pollination syndrome, pollinators and seed dispersal mode for L. mollis based mostly on field study. Paper chromatography technique was used for recording sugar and amino acid types in the nectar, since they are important to evaluate the pollination syndrome. The study indicated that L. mollis flowers during August-November. The plant produces synflorescences consisting of several capitula. Each capitulum produces a single disc floret. The plant is protandrous, temporally dioecious and exhibits secondary pollen presentation using brush mechanism to prevent autonomous selfing. The floral characteristics such as having synflorescence, narrow tubular corolla, production of sucrose-rich nectar with essential and non-essential amino acids and pollen charactersistics such as having spherical shape, tri-colpate apertures and strongly spinulose exine suggested that the plant is adapted for insect pollination. The plant is principally psychophilous. Other insects also visited the florets opportunistically and acted as supplementary pollinators. Further, thrips used this plant as breeding and feeding sites; their effect mostly geitonogamy. The fruit is an achene, anemochorous and also anthropochorous. Regeneration occurred from seeds and perennial root stock during rainy season."

"Pemahaman tentang sistem penyerbukan merupakan hal penting dalam program pemuliaan Rubus. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk memahami biologi reproduksi pada Rubus dan kemudian memperoleh informasi mengenai kemungkinan terjadinya inkompatibilitas pada persilangan sendiri (self-compatibility) maupun persilangan antar jenis Rubus (interspecific compatibility). Sebanyak 10 spesies Rubus diantaranya R. alceifolius, R. chrysophyllus, R. fraxinifolius, R. lineatus, R. moluccanus, R. pyrifolius, R. rosifolius, Rubus sp. (blackberry), dan Rubus sp. (Raspberry) diamati polennya melalui pengukuran viabilitas, perkecambahan, dan ukuran polen. Sembilan spesies Rubus diamati perkembangan dan morfologi bunganya, kemudian dilakukan persilangan lengkap full diallel. Hasil polen menunjukkan viabilitas polen Rubus bervariasi antara 59,68% sampai 98,12%, dan ukuran polen yang berbeda-beda tergantung spesiesnya. Pengamatan perkembangan dan morfologi bunga menunjukkan keragaman karakteristik bunga yang ditunjukkan pada pistil, stamen, bentuk torus, dan perbedaan waktu tahapan perkembangan bunga masing-masing spesies. Keragaman polen dan morfologi bunga pada Rubus diduga berpengaruh terhadap tipe penyerbukan dan kemampuan bersilangnya. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, dilakukan pengamatan kompatibilitas persilangan. Hasil menunjukkan seluruh spesies Rubus kompatibel menyerbuk sendiri dan kompatibel menyerbuk dalam spesies, namun demikian hanya spesies R. ellipticus, R. fraxinifolius, R. rosifolius, dan Rubus sp (blackberry) yang memiliki kompatibilitas interspesifik. Korelasi yang signifikan ditunjukkan antara variabel persilangan dengan variabel morfologi bunga dan viabilitas polen. Kompatibilitas persilangan interspesifik diduga dipengaruhi oleh faktor genetik (sporophytic dan gametophytic incompatibility).

---

Understanding mechanisms of pollination are fundamental to the Rubus breeding program. The study was conducted to understand the reproductive biology of Rubus and to obtain information about the possibility of self-compatibility and interspecific compatibility on Rubus. Pollen observed sections were carried out on ten species of Rubus (R. alceifolius, R. chrysophyllus, R. fraxinifolius, R. lineatus, R. moluccanus, R. pyrifolius, R. rosifolius, Rubus sp. (blackberry), and Rubus sp. (Raspberry) pollen by measuring the pollen viability, germination, and pollen size. Flower development and morphology sections were carried out on nine species of Rubus flower. Furthermore, a complete cross with a full diallel was performed. Pollen results showed that the viability of Rubus pollen varied from 59.68% to 98.12%, and the pollen size varied depending on the species. Observations of flower development and morphology showed the variation of flower characteristics shown in the pistil, stamen, torus shape, and the different time stages of flower development of each species. Variations of pollen and flower morphology in Rubus are assumed to affect the type of pollination and the crossing ability. Based on these assumptions, observations of cross-compatibility were carried out. The results show that all Rubus species are self-compatible and intraspecific-compatible; however, only species R. ellipticus, R. fraxinifolius, R. rosifolius, and Rubus sp. (blackberry) have interspecific compatibility. There were significant correlates among pollination, flower, and pollen variable. The interspecific compatibility was thought to be influenced by a genetic factor (sporophytic dan gametophytic incompatibility)."