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"Notes:Political culture refers to the basic values, ideas, beliefs and political orientations by which countries, societies, and whole regions are guided. The underlying belief systems that shape cultures and societies and cause them to behave in certain, often distinct ways. The puzzle or query that chiefly concerns this author is why the United States (US) and its foreign policy have such a hard time understanding cultures and societies other than their own. This provocative book argues that the US needs to end its attitudes of superiority and condescension toward other nations and cultures and redirect its foreign policy accordingly. After an introduction that sets forth the main theoretical and conceptual arguments, the next chapters explore all the main areas of the world. The Conclusion pulls all these themes together, analyzes the common patterns that emerge, and suggests new directions for U.S foreign policy"

"ABSTRAKKemenangan Donald Trump dalam pemilihan umum Amerika Serikat tahun 2016 membuka babak baru peralihan kebijakan yang lebih konservatif. Presiden Trump telah menyampaikan rencana perekonomian di masa pemerintahannya yang dipaparkan melalui platform Partai Republik, America First Blueprint, Executive Order, dan janji-janji kampanye.Penelitian ini mengkaji rancangan dan implementasi kebijakan proteksionisme Presiden Trump serta implikasinya terhadap ekonomi Amrika Serikat dan rezim perdagangan global.. Hasil penelitian menyatakan Presiden Trump melaksanakan proteksionisme di Amerika Serikat dalam berbagai bentuk seperti penarikan diri dari negosiasi dan perjanjian Trans-Pacific Partnership serta penerapan antidumping, countervailing-duty, Safeguard, dan regulasi unfair trade practices. Bentuk kebijakan proteksionisme yang masih dalam proses perencanaan adalah penurunan pajak bagi perusahaan dalam negeri, implementasi tarif terhadap barang impor Republik Rakyat Tiongkok, renegosiasi North-American Free Trade Agreement, dan pembangunan tembok perbatasan antara Meksiko dan Amerika Serikat.Penelitian ini juga mengungkapkan bahwa kebijakan proteksionisme Trump diharapkan membawa dampak bagi perekonomian dalam negeri Amerika Serikat dan rezim perdagangan global. Kebijakan proteksionisme Presiden Trump diharapkan dapat memberikan dampak terhadap perekonomian dalam negeri Amerika Serikat antara lain peningkatan produktivitas manufaktur, peningkatan Produk Domestik Bruto, penurunan ekspor dan impor melalui kebijakan proteksionisme terhadap impor bahan baku, eskalasi kerja sama bilateral dengan negara-negara tertentu, dan penurunan kerja sama multilateral atau regional. Kebijakan proteksionisme Trump juga diharapkan dapat memberikan dampak terhadap rezim perdagangan global seperti penurunan pengaruh dan kekuatan hegemoni Amerika Serikat dalam rezim perdagangan global.

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ABSTRACTDonald Trump rsquo's victory in 2016 presidential election of the United State commences new round of transition to a more conservative economic policy. President Trump already described his future policies in Republican platform, America First Blueprint, Executive Order, and campaign pledges.This research deals with the design and implementation of President Trump rsquo's protectionist policies and their impacts on global trade regime. The results indicate that President Trump permitted protectionism in the United States in various forms such as withdrawal from Trans Pacific Partnership negotiations and agreement as well as enactment of antidumping, countervailing duty, Safeguard, and unfair trade practices regulation. Other protectionist policies which are still in the process of development are the reduction of domestic corporate taxes, the reduction of tariffs on goods imported from People rsquo's Republic of China, North American Free Trade Agreement renegotiation, and construction of the border wall between Mexico and the United States.The research also concludes that Trump rsquo s protectionist policies would have impacts on the economy of United States and global trade regime. The President Trump rsquo's protectionism policies is expected to have effects on the domestic economy of the United States including on the enhancement of industrial productivity, Gross Domestic Product growth, decrease in export and import growth through tariff imposed on raw material imports, bilateral cooperation facilitation with certain countries, and reduction of multilateral or regional cooperation. Whereas, the policy is also hoped to give impacts on global trade regime such as on the reduction of United States rsquo's influence in the global trade regime and its hegemonic power."

"The essays in Outside In show how Americans lived within transnational circuits featuring impacts and influences running in multiple directions. While the field of international history generally emphasizes the impact of the United States on the rest of the world during the period of US ascendancy and while some scholars today stress how America has been shaped by external forces, the work assembled here rises above such disputes by showing the immense complexity of transnational currents that both shaped the United States and of which the United States was an inextricably, often central part. Here, the agents of globalization appear very concrete, not at all the disembodied, irresistible forces of some conventional narratives. Outside In also transcends the divide between work focusing on the international system of nation-states and transnational history that treats nonstate actors exclusively. The authors range very widely in topic from international economic management and international statecraft to missionary activity and global antiwar dissent, from intellectuals discussing womens rights and working for a minimum wage across borders to right-wing counterinsurgency operatives, from oil tycoons and worldwide evangelists to neoliberal ideologues and officeholders. Religion, diplomacy, economics, and warfare all have their places here, as do people ranging across the entire political spectrum, from left to right. These essays point to the best and most current research directions in the transnationalization of US history."