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Abstrak :
The human population is heterogeneous and consists of populations of immense ethnic diversity. There are considerable allelic differences between human populations as well as individuals within each ethnic group as a result of molecular heterogeneity of the genome. This, in turn, is responsible for differential allelic expression of genes endowing them with polymorphic characters. The molecular diversity within genes is responsible amongst others, of disease resistance or susceptibility or for that matter drug response. Pharmacogenomics is the key to the understanding of differential drug response in different patients in relation to genetic constitution. The revelation of such information at the molecular level would assist the pharmaceutical industry to address a therapy directed to each individual. The objective of this article is to understand the nuances of the genetic repertoire and correlate it with disease gene identification, genes that have been or can be used as drug targets, identify candidate genes for drug development and recent trends in drug discovery.

Abstrak :
Insiden dan mortalitas dari colorectal cancer CRC terus meningkat Beberapa metode skrining CRC umumnya bersifat invasif dan tidak nyaman Single Nucleotide Polymorphism SNP dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai marker untuk skrining CRC dengan tingkat invasif yang rendah Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memvalidasi asosiasi antara SNP ldquo X rdquo dengan kerentanan terhadap CRC sporadik Desain penelitian menggunakan studi potong lintang Jumlah sampel dan daya uji pada kelompok CRC sporadik dan kontrol ditentukan dengan menggunakan Epi Info versi 3 5 1 DNA genomik diperoleh dari sampel darah kedua kelompok kemudian dilakukan PCR dan sequencing untuk melacak genotip SNP ldquo X rdquo dengan ukuran amplikon 979 pb Hasil analisis statistik menunjukkan nilai PValue genotip TT terhadap Non TT sebesar 0 025 P 0 05 dengan Odds Ratio OR 0 193 0 420 0 911 Setelah dikoreksi dengan binary logistic regression didapatkan P Value sebesar 0 047 dengan OR 0 188 0 431 0 988 P Value genotip GT terhadap Non GT 0 890 dengan OR 0 561 0 963 1 652 P Value genotip GG terhadap Non GG 0 076 dengan OR 0 949 1 628 2 793 Hasil menunjukkan adanya asosiasi antara genotip TT pada SNP ldquo X rdquo dengan menurunnya kerentanan terhadap CRC sporadik Studi lanjutan pada populasi lainnya di wilayah Indonesia perlu dilakukan untuk pemetaan pola variasi genetic di SNP ldquo X rdquo dan untuk mengetahui pengaruhnya di gen gen terdekat yang berkorelasi terhadap CRC sporadik.

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The incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer CRC increase rapidly Some CRC screening methods are invasive and generally uncomfortable Single Nucleotide Polymorphism SNP can be utilized as a marker for CRC screening with low level of invasiveness This study aimed to validate the association between SNP X with susceptibility to sporadic CRC This study is a crosssectional study Number of samples and power in CRC and control groups were determined using Epi Info v3 5 1 Genomic DNA were obtained from whole blood samples and followed by PCR 979 bp amplicon and direct sequencing to determine the genotype pattern Statistical analysis showed that P Value of genotype TT vs Non TT is 0 025 P 0 05 with Odds Ratio OR 0 193 0 420 0 911 P Value after adjustment using binary logistic regression was 0 047 with OR 0 188 0 431 0 988 P Value of genotype GT vs Non GT was 0 890 with OR 0 561 0 963 1 652 P Value of genotype GG vs Non GG was 0 076 with OR 0 949 1 628 2 793 There was a significant association between TT genotype at the SNP X with decreased susceptibility to sporadic CRC Further study will be needed to identify genetic variation patterns in the SNP X rdquo in other populations in Indonesia region and to investigate its effect to the nearest genes and its correlation to sporadic CRC.

Abstrak :
Fueled by the expertise of a team of international specialist authors, this first reference on the booming topic covers everything a drug researcher needs to know about targeting epigenetic mechanisms of disease. The first part of the book surveys current methodologies for finding and validating drug candidates that act via epigenetic mechanisms. The second part systematically surveys known and suspected drug targets within the epigenetic machinery, including the discovery and development of vorinostat, the first marketed epigenetic drug.

Abstrak :
Explains the identification of molecular targets via cellular assays, reporter genes or transgenic models, as well as surveying recent advances in the synthesis, separation and analysis of drugs. A special section is devoted to molecular genetics methods.

Abstrak :
This book discuss early characterization of toxicity and efficacy would significantly impact the overall productivity of pharmaceutical R&D and reduce drug candidate attrition and failure. By describing the available platforms and weighing their relative advantages and disadvantages and including microarray data analysis.