Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

Abstrak :
Penelitian ini menjelaskan mengenai dinamika kebijakan deregulasi obat yang dimulai dengan dikeluarkannya Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan RI Nomor 085/MENKES/Per/I/1989 dengan menggunakan metode penelitian sejarah. Metode penelitian sejarah terdiri dari heuristik, verifikasi, interpretasi, dan historiografi. Sejak tahun awal dari Orde Baru, harga obat di Indonesia terbilang mahal. Untuk memperbaiki situasi dan meningkatkan kesehatan masyarakat, maka Menteri Kesehatan dr. Adhyatma MPH menerapkan Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan RI Nomor 085/MENKES/Per/I/1989 tentang Obat Generik yang berguna untuk mendorong distribusi obat generik. Dengan dikeluarkannya kebijakan ini, masyarakat diharapkan dapat mengakses obat dengan mudah dan juga merasionalkan penggunaan obat. Deregulasi obat tidak hanya berusaha untuk mempermudah akses terhadap obat murah, tetapi juga sebagai langkah awal dalam perbaikan sistem kesehatan Indonesia. Penelitian ini juga membahas mengenai reaksi dari pabrik farmasi dan pengusaha apotek yang terpengaruhi dari kebijakan deregulasi obat ini. Pada akhirnya, kebijakan ini belum berhasil secara maksimal karena harga obat yang belum turun. Namun, kebijakan ini berhasil memberikan obat alternatif yang murah, meskipun baru bisa didapatkan di rumah sakit pemerintah. ......The purpose of this study was to explain the dynamics of drug deregulation policy which began with the issuance of the Minister of Health’s regulation 085/MENKES/Per/I/1989 using historical research methods. The historical research methods consist of heuristics, criticism, interpretation, and historiography. Since the start of the New Order, the price of medicine in Indonesia has been quite expensive. The Minister of Health, dr. Adhyatama MPH tried to fix the problem and improve public health by applying the Regulation of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia, numbered 085/MENKES/Per/I/1989, concerning generic drugs which is useful for encouraging the distribution of generic drugs. With the issuance of this policy, it is hoped that the public can access drugs easily and also rationalize the use of drugs. The drug deregulation was not focused only on how to make drugs cheaper, but also a start in effort to fix the health system in Indonesia. This study also discusses the reaction of pharmaceutical manufacturers, pharmacists, and pharmacies to the deregulation and its effect. In the end, this policy still cannot reduce the price of drugs in the market. Though, this policy has succeeded in providing cheaper drugs as an alternative, even if it is only in the government funded hospital.

Abstrak :
Sejak diberlakukannya Jaminan Kesehatan nasional (JKN) pada 1 Januari 2014, ketersediaan obat merupakan aspek yang sangat penting dalam pelayanan kesehatan di Fasilitas Kesehatan Tingkat Pertama(FKTP). Analisis data trend ketersediaan obat dan vaksin indikator menunjukkan trend mendekati angka 80%. Akan tetapi, manajemen logistik obat belum berjalan dengan optimal di Indonesia sehingga masih terjadi kekosongan obat dari waktu ke waktu di fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan. Penelitian ini bersifat kuantitatif dengan desain cross-sectional untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor manajemen logistik obat yaitu perencanaan, pengadaan, distribusi, pembiayaan, manajemen informasi, dan SDM di Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten/Kota yang mempengaruhi ketersediaan obat dan vaksin indikator di puskesmas. Pemodelan yang dikembangkan pada studi ini adalah regresi logistik model determinan. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa variabel determinan pada studi ini adalah distribusi dan perencanaan dengan SDM sebagai variabel confounding. Variabel distribusi di Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten/Kota merupakan variabel yang paling berpengaruh terhadap ketersediaan obat dan vaksin indikator di puskesmas. Kata kunci: ketersediaan obat dan vaksin, manajemen logistik obat, regresi logistik, puskesmas ......Since the enactment of the National Health Insurance (NHI) on January 1, 2014, the availability of drugs is a very important aspect in health services at the primary health care facilities. Analysis of data trends on availability indicator drugs and vaccines shows a trend close to 80%. However, drug logistics management has not run optimally in Indonesia so there is still a stockout over time in health care facilities. This research is quantitative with cross-sectional design to determine the factors of drug logistics management, namely planning, procurement, distribution, financing, information management, and human resources at the district /city health office that influence the availability of indicator drugs and vaccines in the public health center. The modeling developed in this study is a determinant logistic regression model. The results of the study show that the determinant variables in this study are distribution and planning with human resources as a confounding variable. Distribution variables are the variables that most influence the availability of indicator drugs and vaccines at the public health center. Keywords: drug availability, drug logistics management, logistic regression, public health center.

Abstrak :
Isu kesehatan terkait keamanan obat dan makanan semakin meningkat, terlebih ketika teknologi informasi berkembang sangat pesat di era revolusi industri 4.0. Kebijakan atau isu obat dan makanan yang berkembang dapat menimbulkan berbagai opini di masyarakat. Untuk mengetahui opini masyarakat dengan cepat dapat dilakukan melalui analisis sentimen dari media sosial seperti Twitter, dan juga dari pengaduan yang disampaikan ke BPOM sebagai lembaga yang berwenang dalam pengawasan obat dan makanan di Indonesia. Opini atau sentimen tersebut akan dianalisis sehingga dapat diketahui kebijakan atau isu mana yang mendapatkan sentimen positif atau negatif. Oleh sebab itu, diperlukan sebuah pendekatan yang dapat menganalisis sentimen masyarakat terhadap kebijakan atau isu obat dan makanan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah merancang sistem untuk analisis sentimen terhadap kebijakan atau isu obat dan makanan dari Twitter yang diintegrasikan dengan sistem layanan informasi dan pengaduan obat dan makanan menggunakan metode pengklasifikasian berbasis machine learning, yaitu Naive Bayes Classifier (NBC). Dilakukan serangkaian tahapan yaitu pengumpulan data dari Twitter dan aplikasi Sistem Layanan Informasi dan Pengaduan Obat dan Makanan sesuai kata kunci, kemudian preprocessing (cleansing, case folding, tokenizing, normalisasi dan eliminasi stopwords), serta proses klasifikasi dengan algoritma NBC untuk mendapatkan hasil dengan kategori positif atau negatif. Dari hasil uji dengan 10-fold cross validation diperoleh nilai akurasi tertinggi 88% dengan rincian nilai precission 81%, recall 100% dan f-measure 90%, dengan jumlah data latih 540 (270 negatif, 270 positif) dan data uji 60. Hasil analisis sentimen ditampilkan dalam bentuk dashboard. Data hasil analisis sentimen dapat menjadi masukan dalam penanganan respon cepat terhadap isu obat dan makanan selanjutnya dapat dirumuskan strategi KIE yang tepat ke masyarakat. ......Health issues related to drug and food security are increasing, especially in the current digital era of industrial revolution 4.0 when information technology is developing very rapidly. Drug and food policies or issues can lead to various opinions in the community. To find public opinion quickly, it can be done through an analysis of sentiments from Twitter, also from complaints/information requests submitted to BPOM as an institution authorized to control drug and food in Indonesia. Opinions will be analyzed so that policies or issues can get positive or negative sentiments. Therefore, an approach is needed that can analyze community sentiment towards drug or food policy or issues. This study aims to design a system for the sentiments analysis on policies and issues of drugs and food, integrated with the information and complaints service system using machine learning-based classification methods, namely Naive Bayes Classifier (NBC). There are series of stages, namely data collection and application of Information and Complaints Service System for Drug and Food according to keywords, then preprocessing (cleansing, case folding, tokenizing, normalization and elimination of stopwords), and the classification process using the NBC algorithm to get results with categories positive or negative. From the results of the test with 10 fold cross validation, the highest accuracy value is 88% with detailed precission values 81%, recall 100% and f-measure 90%. with the number of training data 540 (270 negative, 270 positive) and 60 test data. The sentiment analysis results are displayed in the dashboard. Data from sentiment analysis can be an input in handling rapid responses to drug or food issues, then can formulate appropriate education strategies to the community. Key words: Sentiment analysis, drug and food, Twitter, information and complaints service system, naive bayes classifier.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Internet adalah salah satu hasil pengembangan teknologi yang penggunanya berasal dari semua Negara dan dari berbagai kalangan usia. Melihat perkembangan internet yang begitu pesat, banyak pelaku usaha yang memperdagangkan dagangannya secara online, termasuk memperdagangkan sediaan farmasi. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan metode pengumpulan data studi dokumen dan wawancara. Meskipun di Indonesia belum terdapat peraturan yang secara eksplisit mengatur mengenai perdagangan sediaan farmasi secara online, pada penelitian ini penulis menggunakan peraturanperaturan terkait sediaan farmasi seperti Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 72 Tahun 1998 tentang Pengamanan Sediaan Farmasi dan Alat Kesehatan. Dari penelitian yang penulis lakukan dapat disimpulkan bahwa perdagangan sediaan farmasi secara online melawan ketentuan-ketentuan terkait produksi, penyaluran dan pelayanan sediaan farmasi. Skripsi ini membahas pula bagaimana peran apoteker sebagai pekerja kefarmasian terhadap peredaran sediaan farmasi secara online.

---

ABSTRACT
Internet is one of the many results of technology development throughout the year that is used by everyone across the world from all ages. The rapid development of the internet itself encourages entrepreneurs to expand their business through the internet, and the pharmacy trading is not an exception. This research uses the method of qualitative research that includes collecting literatures and doing interviews. Although there is no explicit law regarding the regulations of online pharmacy trading in Indonesia, in this research, a couple laws that are related to pharmacy are used such as government regulation number 72 year 1998 about pharmacy and medical device?s safekeeping. Based on this research, it assumed that online pharmacy trading has violated the laws related to the production, distribution, and the service of medicine. The role of pharmacist as pharmacy workers towards online pharmacy trading will also be discussed.

Abstrak :
Advertising control of medicine and traditional medicine was based on the Decree of the Minister of Health of Indonesian number 386/Menkes/SK/IV/1994 about advertising guidelines medicine, traditional medicine, cosmetics, medical devices and foods. The purpose of the study are (1) to identity regulation related to the advertising of medicine and traditional medicine, (2) to identity the institutional related to the advertising of medicine and tradisional medicine, and (3) to identity the implementation of regulation related to the advertising of medicine and traditional medicine. The study design was cross sectional with descriptive approach. The research locations are in jakarta , Yogyakarta, Denpasar, Medan dan Yogyakarta in 2009. The samples were institution related to the advertising of medicines and traditional medicines in central, provincial, and district level , i.e: Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi (Provincial Health Office), dinas Kesehatan Kota 9District Health Office), Badan POM, Gp farmasi, PPPI, KPID, and YKLI. The primary data were collected by using indepth interviews and focus group discussion. The secondary Prelimininary results enhanced by round table discussion in Jakarta. The data were analyzed by descriptive method. The Regulation related to the advertising are still based on decree of the minister of health og Indonesia no. 386/Menkes/SK/IV/1994 that has been inadequate. Another regulation in the central, provincial and district associated with the advertising control of medicine and traditional. The authority of institutions related to the advertising control of medicine and traditional medicine were: Badan POM conduct surveillance and repression advertising of medicine and traditional medicine, GPFI received a complain against the pharmaceutical industries that display advertising medicine and traditional medicine in violation of ethics, PPI is responsible for broadcast creative, KPID oversee broadcast media , the Board Press oversee the print media, and YLKI protect the public from advertising medicine and traditional medicines are still commonly found advertising that distorted, particularly it's advertisements in local media.