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"Setiap orang menginginkan kebahagiaan untuk memudahkan mereka dalam mencapai tujuan hidup. Diener (2002) menyebutkan kebahagiaan juga disebut sebagai subjective well-being. Oleh karena itu, subjective well-being penting untuk semua orang terutama remaja yang berada pada fase krisis karena kehilangan ibu yang meninggal, bercerai, atau ibu sebagai buruh migran. Kondisi ini membuat anak terpaksa tinggal hanya bersama ayah. Ayah yang biasanya dipersepsikan kurang terlibat dalam kehidupan anak, dapat memprediksi subjective well-being mereka. Hal ini membuat keterlibatan ayah sangat penting untuk remaja. Remaja yang berada pada keluarga ayah tunggal banyak terjadi di Karawang, sehingga responden penelitian ini adalah 56 remaja awal berusia 12-15 tahun yang tinggal hanya bersama ayah di Karawang. Alat ukur yang digunakan adalah The Satisfaction With Life Scale (Diener, Emmons, Larsen, & Griffin, 1985), Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (Watson, Clark, & Tellegan, 1988), dan Subjective Happiness Scale (Lyubomirsky & Lepper, 1999), Nurturant Fathering Scale dan The Father Involvement Scale (Finley & Schwartz, 2004). Teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah simple regression. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan father involvement memprediksi afek positif dan perceived father’s involvement memprediksi afek negatif.

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Everyone wants happiness to facilitate them in achieving life's goals. Diener (2002) said happiness is also referred to as subjective well-being. Therefore, subjective well-being is important for everyone especially adolescents who are in the crisis phase because of the loss of a deceased mother, divorced, or mother as a migrant worker. This condition makes the child be forced to stay with the father. Fathers who are commonly perceived as less involved in child life, can predict their subjective well-being. This makes father’s involvement very important to them. Many adolescents in a single father family was in Karawang, so the respondents of this research was 56 early adolescents aged 12-15 years who lived only with the father in Karawang. The measuring instruments used are The Satisfaction With Life Scale (Diener, Emmons, Larsen, & Griffin, 1985), Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (Watson, Clark, & Tellegan, 1988), and Subjective Happiness Scale (Lyubomirsky & Lepper, 1999), Nurturant Fathering Scale and The Father Involvement Scale (Finley & Schwartz, 2004). The analytical techniques used is simple regression. The results showed father involvement component predicted a positive affect and two component of perceived father's involvement predicted negative affect."

"One of the perennial themes in philosophy is the problem of our access to the world around us; do our perceptual systems bring us into contact with the world as it is or does perception depend upon our individual conceptual frameworks? This volume of new essays examines reference as it relates to perception, action and realism, and the questions which arise if there is no neutral perspective or independent way to know the world. The essays discuss the nature of referring, concentrating on the way perceptual reference links us with the observable world, and go on to examine the implications of theories of perceptual reference for realism and the way in which scientific theories refer and thus connect us with the world. They will be of interest to a wide range of readers in philosophy of psychology, cognitive science and action theory.Machine generated contents note: 1. Reference, perception, and realism Athanassios Raftopoulos and Peter Machamer; 2. Towards an (improved) interdisciplinary investigation of demonstrative reference Amanda Brovold and Rick Grush; 3. Visual demonstratives Mohan Matthen; 4. Losing grip on the world: from illusion to sense-data Derek Brown; 5. Perceiving the intended model John Campbell; 6. Individuation, reference, and sortal terms Jonathan Lowe; 7. Action, perception, and reference Peter Machamer and Lisa Osbeck; 8. Personal and semantic reference Gerald Vision; 9. Reference from a behaviorist point of view Don Howard; 10. Causal-descriptivism and the reference of theoretical terms Stathis Psillos; 11. Scientific representation, denotation, and explanatory power Demetris Portides; 12. Referring to localized cognitive operations in parts of dynamically active brains William Bechtel."

"ABSTRAKArtikel ini berupaya mengaplikasikan pemahaman estetik dari pemikiran fenomenologi persepsi Merleau-Ponty. Upaya menjelaskan permasalahan yang kompleks pada kehidupan manusia melalui konsep sederhana yang selalu kita alami setiap hari sebagai rutinitas dalam kehidupan bersosial dan berbudaya secara praktis dan real. Melalui pemahaman estetika dari pemikiran Merleau-Ponty penulis akan menjelaskan mengenai keunggulan persepsi dan tubuh sebagai sarana mendapatkan pengetahuan lewat pengalaman langsung. Konsep persepsi dan tubuh menghasilkan pemahaman tentang konsep sinestesia sebagai kemampuan persepsi manusia dari intelektualitas indera-indera. Konsep persepsi sinestetik dari pemikiran Merleau-Ponty membawa penulis menuju pemahaman makanan sebagai objek estetik. Makanan sebagai objek estetik juga merupakan persepsi ambigu sebagaimana pemikiran Merleau-Ponty tentang penjelasan filsafat ambiguitasnya sebagai upaya mengatasi desripsi objektif dari empirisme dan intelektualisme. Melalui artikel ini, penulis berharap penelitian ini menjadi langkah maju untuk memandang tubuh dan makanan sebagai perhatian filsafat. Penulis mengharapkan pembaca untuk mendapatkan pengetahuan baru tentang makanan sebagai objek estetik agar dapat menghargai makanan sebagai hasil kreasi.

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ABSTRACTThis article seeks to apply the understanding of the aesthetic experience of Merleau Ponty 39 s thought about the phenomenology of perception. Efforts to explain complex problems in human life through simple concepts that we always experience every day as a routine in social life and cultured in a practical and real. Through the aesthetic understanding of Merleau Ponty 39 s thoughts, i will explain the primacy of perception and body as a means of gaining knowledge through direct experience. The concept of perception and the body produces an understanding of the concept of synesthesia as the ability of human perception from intellectuality of senses. The concept of synesthetical perception of Merleau Ponty 39 s thought leads me to the understanding of food as an aesthetic object. Food as an aesthetic object is also an ambiguous perception as Merleau Ponty 39 s idea of an explanation of his ambiguity philosophy as an attempt to overcome the objective descriptions of empiricism and intellectualism. Through this paper, i hope this research becomes a step forward to view the body and food as a philosophical concern. I expects the readers to gain new knowledge about food as an aesthetic object in order to appreciate the food as a creation."