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Abstrak :
Disfungsi dasar panggul adalah komplikasi persalinan per vaginam dengan manifestasi utama prolaps organ panggul (POP), inkontinensia urin dan inkontinensia fekal sehingga menurunkan kualitas hidup. Diduga terdapat peran jaringan ikat kolagen dan elastin, namun biopsi berulang memiliki risiko perdarahan, nyeri serta infeksi. Oleh karena itu, dipikirkan produk metabolitkolagen dan elastin serum untuk mewakili kadar kolagen dan elastin di jaringan penunjang dasar panggul. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendapatkan penanda serum produk metabolit kolagen dan elastin untuk memprediksi disfungsi dasar panggul setelah persalinan per vaginam. Penelitian tahap pertama menggunakan desain prospektif kohort satu sisi untuk mengukur angka kejadian disfungsi dasar panggul 3 bulan setelah persalinan. Penelitian dilakukan di Poliklinik Obstetri Departemen Obstetri dan Ginekologi FKUI/RSUPN dr.Cipto Mangunkusumo dan Puskesmas di lingkungan DKI Jakarta, selama periode Januari 2015 sampai Juli 2019. Tahap kedua menggunakan desain nested case control untuk menganalisis hubungan penanda serum kolagen dan elastin serta aktivitas MMP-9 pada kehamilan dan setelah persalinan dengan disfungsi dasar panggul. Penanda metabolit kolagen dan elastin (ICTP, desmosin), remodeling kolagen dan elastin (PINP, PIIINP, tropoelastin), serta MMP-9 diukur pada saat hamil, 24–48 jam, dan 6 minggu setelah persalinan. Tiga bulan setelah persalinan, inkontinensia urin, tekanan dan POP dinilai berdasarkan gejala, pemeriksaan POP-Q dan tes batuk. Data luaran sebelum dan sesudah persalinan dianalisis dengan uji t tidak berpasangan dan uji Mann Whitney. Dari 177 calon subjek, 4 subjek dieksklusi dan 113 subjek drop out. Dari 60 subjek yang diinklusi, 38 (63,3%) mengalami POP derajat 2 dan 25 subjek di antaranya (41,7%) mengalami sistokel derajat 2. Tidak ada perbedaan rerata seluruh marker degradasi dan sintesis kolagen 1,3 dan elastin serta MMP-9 antara kelompok POP dan kontrol. Analisis dilakukan dengan analisis kategorik menggunakan titik potong pada variabel yang memiliki AUC > 0.6. Pada hasil analisis bivariat prolaps organ panggul didapatkan hasil yang bermakna adalah yang memiliki nilai variabel p < 0,05 yaitu PINP setelah persalinan dan ICTP setelah persalinan. Setelah itu, dilakukan analisis multivariat dengan mengambil nilai variabel p < 0,25 ditemukan pada biomarker PINP setelah persalinan 106,9 dengan RR = 1,76 (95%CI: 1,14–3,00). Pada hasil analisis bivariat sistokel didapatkan hasil yang bermakna adalah yang memiliki nilai variabel p < 0,05 yaitu PINP kehamilan dan PINP setelah persalinan. Setelah itu, dilakukan analisis multivariat sistokel dengan menggambil nilai variabel p < 0.25 yaitu ditemukan biomarker PINP setelah persalinan 106,9 dengan RR = 2,53 (95%CI: 1,05–6,09). ......Pelvic floor dysfunction is a complication of vaginal delivery with the main manifestations of pelvic organ prolapse (POP), urinary incontinence and fecal incontinence, thereby reducing quality of life. It is suspected that there is a role for collagen and elastin connective tissue, but repeated biopsies carry the risk of bleeding, pain and infection. Therefore, it was considered the metabolic products of serum collagen and elastin to represent the levels of collagen and elastin in the pelvic floor supporting tissues. The aim of this study was to obtain serum markers of collagen and elastin metabolism products to predict pelvic floor dysfunction after vaginal delivery. The first phase of the study used a one-sided prospective cohort design to measure the incidence of pelvic floor dysfunction 3 months after delivery. The study was conducted at the Obstetrics Polyclinic, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, FKUI/RSUPN dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo and Puskesmas in DKI Jakarta, during the period January 2015 to July 2019. The second phase used a nested case control design to analyze the relationship between serum collagen and elastin markers and MMP-9 activity in pregnancy and after delivery with pelvic floor dysfunction. Markers of collagen and elastin metabolism (ICTP, desmosin), collagen and elastin remodeling (PINP, PIIINP, tropoelastin), and MMP-9 were measured during pregnancy, 24–48 hours, and 6 weeks after delivery. Three months after delivery, urinary incontinence, pressure and POP were assessed on the basis of symptoms, POP-Q examination and cough test. The outcome data before and after delivery were analyzed by unpaired t test and Mann Whitney test. From 177 prospective subjects, 4 subjects were excluded and 113 subjects dropped out. Of the 60 included subjects, 38 (63.3%) had grade 2 POP and 25 (41.7%) had grade 2 cystocele. There was no difference in the mean of all markers of degradation and synthesis of collagen 1,3 and elastin and MMP-9 between the POP and control groups. The analysis was carried out by categorical analysis using cut points on variables that had AUC > 0.6. In the bivariate analysis of pelvic organ prolapse, significant results were obtained which had a variable value of p < 0.05, there were PINP after delivery and ICTP after delivery. After that, multivariate analysis was carried out by taking the variable value p < 0.25 it was found in PINP biomarkers after delivery ≥ 106.9 with RR = 1.76 (95% CI: 1,14–3,00). In the results of bivariate cystocele analysis, significant results were obtained which had a variable value of p < 0.05, there were PINP during pregnancy and PINP after delivery. After that, multivariate analysis of cystocele was carried out by taking the value of the variable p < 0.25, it was found in PINP biomarkers after delivery ≥ 106.9 with RR = 2.53 (95% CI: 1,05–6,09).

Abstrak :
Disfungsi dasar panggul disebabkan tersering oleh trauma otot dasar panggul persalinan. Platelet rich plasma (PRP) adalah serum darah yang disertifugasi sehingga mengandung konsentrasi platelet dan growth factors yang tinggi. Terapi PRP mudah dilakukan dan aman untuk proses regenerasi trauma otot levator ani pascasalin. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peran PRP dalam mendukung pemulihan trauma otot dasar panggul pascasalin. Studi prospektif, penyamaran tunggal, uji acak terkendali merupakan studi yang melibatkan wanita hamil anak pertama, dilakukan di kamar bersalin di Rumah Sakit tempat rujukan berjenjang, Puskesmas Lingkungan Suku Dinas, dan praktik bidan mandiri. Subjek diinjeksi dengan PRP autologus atau plasebo pada otot levator ani selama perineorafi pascasalin. Pemeriksaan utrasonografi transperienal dan perineometri dilakukan untuk menilai luas hiatus genital dan kekuatan otot levator ani pada kehamilan trimester 3, 40 hari pascasalin, dan 3 bulan pascasalin. Uji Mann-Whitney dan Wilcoxon signed-rank digunakan untuk analisis. Dari total 116 subejk, 58 subjek memenuhi syarat untuk analisis. Penurunan kekuatan otot pada 3 bulan pascasalin bermakna secara statistik dari 41.45 (Interquartile Range, IQR = 18.05) menjadi 30.88 (IQR = 18.33) cmH2O pada kelompok kontrol, namun pada kelompok intervensi penurunan dari 37.45 (IQR = 13.89) menjadi 35.83 (IQR = 18.81) cmH2O (uji Wilcoxon, p = 0.001 vs p = 0.29). Sub-kelompok kasus ballooning menunjukkan peningkatan luas hiatus genital pada kelompok intervensi dari 26/59 (IQR = 7.53) menjadi 20.25 (IQR = 8.47) cm2, secara kontras terjadi perburukan pada kelompok kontrol dari 22.45 (IQR = 6.59) menjadi 26.8 (IQR = 7.16) cm2 (uji Wilcoxon, p = 0.047 vs p = 0.508). Selain itu, secara bermakna kekuatan otot levator ani menurun dari 47.1(IQR = 24.9) menjadi 34.7 (IQR = 33.8) cmH2O pada kelompok kontrol dibandingkan dengan kelompok intervensi yang mengalami penurunan dari 38.5 (IQR=17.2) menjadi 35.45 (IQR = 16.3) cmH2O (uji Wilcoxon, p = 0.038 vs p = 0.878). Simpulan: Platelet rich plasma dapat menjadi terapi alternatif menjanjikan untuk trauma mikro atau ballooning otot dasar panggul pada wanita pascasalin anak pertama. ......Pelvic floor dysfunction (PFD) is mostly caused by childbirth pelvic floor muscle trauma. Platelet rich plasma (PRP) is centrifugated blood which contains concentrated platelets and high level of growth factors. PRP can be a feasible and safe therapy for post-partum levator ani muscle trauma regeneration process. This study aims to explore the role of PRP in supporting pelvic floor muscle recovery after childbirth trauma. A prospective, single blind, randomized control trial was enrolling primigravid women at 21 health facilities in Jakarta, Indonesia, from November 2016 to July 2019. Subjects were injected with autologous PRP or placebo at levator anal muscles (LAM) during perineorraphy after childbirth. Transperineal ultrasound and perineometry was used to asses the levator hiatal area and LAM strength at third trimester of pregnancy,40 days post-partum and three months post-partum. Mann- Whitney U-test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test were used to analyze. Among 116 primigravid women, 58 women were eligible for analysis. Muscle strength reduction three months after childbirth was found statistically significant from 41.45 (Interquartile Range, IQR = 18.05) to 30.88 (IQR = 18.33) cmH2O in control group, not in intervention group which reduction only from 37.45 (IQR = 13.89) to 35.83 (IQR = 18.81) cmH2O (Wilcoxon test, p = 0.001 vs p = 0.29). In ballooning subgroup case analysis showed hiatal area improvement in intervention group from 26.59 (IQR = 7.53) to 20.25 (IQR = 8.47) cm2, in contrast with worsening in control group from 22.45 (IQR = 6.59) to 26.8 (IQR = 7.16) cm2 (Wilcoxon test, p= 0.047 vs p = 0.508). Also, significant LAM strength reduction was also found from 47.1 (IQR = 24.9) to 34.7 (IQR = 33.8) cmH2O in control group compared to intervention group which only from 38.5 (IQR = 17.2) to 35.45 (IQR = 16.3) cmH2O (Wilcoxon test, p = 0.038 vs p = 0.878). Conclusion: Platelet rich plasma can be a promising alternative therapy for micro trauma or ballooning of pelvic muscle injury in primiparous women.