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"ABSTRACTThe Balkan conflict which shocked the international community during the 1990's has now marked history as one of the greatest humanitarian tragedies during of that decade. The basic principle of self-determination by the republic states within the Yugoslav Federation was responded with armed conflict by the ruling Serbs. Bosnia Herzegovina as one of the many republic states that attempted to separate itself from the Yugoslav Federation, faced direct military aggression from the Serbian-controlled Yugoslavian National Army (JNA), desperately trying to maintain integrity of the disintegrating Yugoslavian Federation.This military aggression instigated ethnic conflict within the territories of Bosnia Herzegovina into the following opposite ethic factions: Bosnian Serbs, Bosnian Croats and Bosnian Muslims. The escalating conflict gained the attention of the international community, which opted to mediate a peaceful solution for the conflicting parties. The European Community, North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and Western European Union (WEU) were the key regional organizations in Europe that supported the United Nations (UN) effort of peacekeeping operations in the Bosnian conflict area.History has recorded the UN peacekeeping operations in Bosnia as a continued polemic in regard to its effectiveness and implementation. The internal bureaucracy of the United Nations, specifically the UN Security Council and its mandates has shown ambiguities affecting the overall outcome of the peacekeeping operations.This thesis attempts a qualitative study to further analyze the dynamics within the United Nations, and its effectiveness in implementing peacekeeping operation efforts during the Balkan crisis in Bosnia."

"This book critically examines the response of the United Nations (UN) to the problem of sexual exploitation in UN Peace Support Operations. It assesses the Secretary-General?s Bulletin on Special Protection from Sexual Exploitation and Sexual Abuse (2003) (SGB) and its definition of sexual exploitation, which includes sexual relationships and prostitution. With reference to people affected by the policy (using the example of Bosnian women and UN peacekeepers), and taking account of both radical and ?sex positive? feminist perspectives, the book finds that the inclusion of consensual sexual relationships and prostitution in the definition of sexual exploitation is not tenable. The book argues that the SGB is overprotective, relies on negative gender and imperial stereotypes, and is out of step with international human rights norms and gender equality. It concludes that the SGB must be revised in consultation with those affected by it, namely local women and peacekeepers, and must fully respect their human rights and freedoms, particularly the right to privacy and sexuality rights."

"Tesis ini dikerjakan untuk menjawab pertanyaan penelitian yaitu apa yang menyebabkan UNPROFOR Dutch Battalion gagal dalam melindungi warga sipil di Srebrenica. Konsep yang digunakan adalah konsep Just War, yaitu pada konsep Jus In Bello, sebagai konsep yang menemukan rules of engagement dalam konflik, terutama untuk perlindungan terhadap warga sipil dan juga konsep mengenai pasukan penjaga perdamaian. Dari penelitian yang dilakukan, maka ditemukan bahwa kegagalan UNPROFOR Dutch Battalion dalam melindungi warga sipil di Srebrenica karena adanya mandat yang saling berseberangan dan tidak adanya kerjasama yang baik dengan pihak-pihak yang terkait.

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This thesis was done to answer the research question, what factors that caused UNPROFOR Dutch Battalion failed to protect the civilians in Srebrenica. Concept that uses in this thesis is the Just War concept, and Jus In Bello concept, as a concept that found the rules of engagement in a conflict, particularly, the protection for the civilians, and the concept about peacekeeping forces. From the research that has been done, find that the failure of the UNPROFOR Dutch Battalion in protecting the civilians in Srebrenica because there was two different mandate, and there was no good cooperation between UNPROFOR Dutch Battalion and the headquarter of UNPROFOR."