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Abstrak :
Pemeriksaan laboratorium di RS merupakan Salah satu pemeriksaan penunjang medis yang membutuhkan biaya besar dalam rangka menegakkan diagnosa dan monitoring suatu penyakit. Terbatasnya kemampuan pemeriksaan laboratoriurn yang dimiliki RS dibandingkan dengan banyaknya parameter pemintaan pemeriksaan laboratorium yang diminta oleh klinisi, mengakibatkan teqiadinya rujukan pemeriksaan. Evaluasi rujukan pemeriksaan laboratoriurn ini dilakukan di Instalasi Patologi Klinik RSU Tangerang untuk mendapatkan gambaran rujukan pemeriksaan sebagai salah satu alat untuk mengetahui kemampuan pemeriksaan dan pencapaian terhadap standar kemampuan minimal yang harus dlmiliki, serta mengetahui ada tidaknya rujukan tidak tepat dibandingkan dengan kemampuan pemeriksaan yang dimiliki. Kemarnpuan pemeriksaan dilihat dari aspek kemampuan SDM yang tersedia, tersedianya peralatan laboratorium yang dibutuhkan, dan tersedianya reagensia untuk pemeriksaan. Dari hasil evaluasi terhadap rujukan pemeriksaan didapatkan adanya 11 parameter rujukan pemeriksaan tidak tepat, 4 parameter pemeriksaan merupakan tes konfirmasi, dan terjadinya peningkatan kemampuan 15 parameter pemeriksaan sesuai standar dan 1 parameter pemeriksaan diluar standar. Disamping itu didapatkannya potensi untuk meningkatkan kemampuan 5 parameter pemeriksaan hormon. Hasil penelitian ini memberikan gambaran bahwa Instalasi Patologi Klinik RSU Tangerang sebagai unit teknis terkait dalam rujukan pemeriksaan kurang dilibatkan dalam proses klarifikasi pembayaran kepada laboratorium rujukan, dan terjadinya tumpang tindih parameter pemeriksaan ke dalam 2 bidang/kegiatan pada standar kemampuan pemerikaan.

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Laboratory examination in hospital is one among other costly supporting examination needed in order to establish diagnosis and illness and monitoring as well. Limitation of hospital?s capacity to conduct several laboratory examination to meet the demand of clinician will result the increase of speciment referrals. This evaluation of speciment referral is conducted in Clinical Pathology Departement, Tangerang Hospital, aimed to get overall review of laboratory examination referrals (speciment referrals), as a tool to measure laboratory capacity and target result compare to minimal standard, required as well as' unappropriate referral in relation with capacity. Hospital's capacity is measured through human resoureesl, equipment and reagent availability. Evaluation result ll unapropriate paramaters of referral, 4 parameters are conirrnation test ; increase of 15 parameters compare to standard ; 1 parameter outside standard ; 5 parameters of hormon examination and potential to be improved. This research show that Clinical Patology Departement of Tangerang hospital as related technical unit is not enough involved in billing system and duplication of parameters in 2 fields of activities of examination capacity standard.

Abstrak :
This book focuses on efficacy, toxicity, drug interactions, and abnormal clinical laboratory tests resulting from the use of herbal remedies. Although a few herbal remedies are safe and have efficacy (for example saw palmetto), many herbal remedies are toxic. This book guides in the interpretation of abnormal test results in otherwise healthy subjects due to use of herbal remedies. Chapters focus on interactions between herbals and pharmaceuticals, sources of contamination in herbal supplements, and analytical techniques used in the investigation of herbal remedies. This book is divided into five parts. The first part provides a general introduction to CAMs as well as an introduction to herbals considered safe versus those with a darker reputation. The second part provides more detailed information in an organ or disease based focus and delves into some of the traditional practices of which most allopathic professionals have limited knowledge. Part III is dedicated to the key interactions between herbal supplements and various pharmaceutical drugs. Part IV addresses these important points. Part V discusses various analytical techniques used in the investigation of herbal remedies.