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"Minat terhadap sinema Palestina meningkat, baik dalam studi film maupun ruang publik. Pada bulan Oktober 2021, Netflix merilis 32 film Palestina dalam koleksi Palestinian Stories dimana 12 di antaranya merupakan film pendek. Palestina juga memproduksi lebih dari 200 film pendek dalam kurun waktu dua dekade. Beberapa film pendek seperti Like Twenty Impossibles (2003) dan The Present (2020) memperoleh berbagai penghargaan di ajang festival film internasional bahkan menjadi nominasi Oscars. Selain bercerita tentang sulitnya melewati checkpoint, keduanya juga mendapat ulasan positif bahwa apa yang disampaikan terasa realistis dan membuka mata tentang kehidupan di Palestina. Penelitian ini mendiskusikan tentang bagaimana wacana perjuangan dikonstruksi dalam film pendek Palestina Like Twenty Impossibles dan The Present. Pendekatan yang digunakan yaitu analisis wacana kritis tiga-dimensi Norman Fairclough. Melalui tiga tahap analisis wacana yaitu deskripsi teks, interpretasi hubungan antara teks dan interaksi, serta eksplanasi dari hubungan antara interaksi dan konteks sosial, peneliti mendapati bahwa seorang sutradara mengkonstruksikan wacana perjuangan Palestina di dalam film pendek mereka. Wacana perjuangan itu ditampilkan melalui dialog dan ekspresi tokoh serta simbol perjuangan yang merepresentasikan adanya tekanan emosional, diskriminasi, dan ketidakberdayaan mengubah sistem yang berlaku.

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Interest in Palestinian film is increasing, both in film studies and in the public sphere. In October 2021, Netflix released 32 Palestinian films in its Palestinian Stories collection, of which 12 were short films. Palestine has also produced more than 200 short films in the span of two decades. Several short films, such Like Twenty Impossibles (2003) and The Present (2020), have received various awards at international film festivals and even received Oscar nominations. In addition to telling us about the difficulty of passing the checkpoint, both of them also received positive reviews, stating that what was conveyed was realistic and eye-opening about life in Palestine. This research looks at how the discourse of struggle is constructed in Palestinian short films such as Twenty Impossibles and The Present. The approach used is Norman Fairclough's three-dimensional critical discourse analysis. Through three stages of discourse analysis: text description; interpretation of the relationship between text and interaction; and explanation of the relationship between interaction and social context, the researchers found that the director constructed the discourse of the Palestinian struggle in their short film. The discourse of struggle is displayed through the dialogues and expressions of characters and symbols of struggle representing emotional stress, discrimination, and powerlessness to change the prevailing system."

"Penjajahan Israel atas tanah Palestina mengakibatkan perubahan sosiodemografi yang berdampak kepada kreativitas kebudayaan Palestina. Perubahan kreativitas salah satunya terjadi dalam motif sulaman dan fungsi gaun thobe. Thobe adalah pakaian tradisional Palestina berupa gaun panjang yang disulam dengan berbagai warna dan motif. Penelitian menjelaskan faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan pergeseran motif dan fungsi gaun thobe pasca Nakba 1948 ditinjau dari teori perubahan sosial dan kebudayaan. Penelitian juga menjelaskan bentuk-bentuk pergeseran motif sulaman dan fungsi gaun thobe serta makna gaun thobe bagi penduduk dan diaspora rakyat Palestina. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif yang bersifat deskriptif. Data gaun dikumpulkan melalui studi media internet. Peneliti menemukan bahwa pergeseran motif sulaman dan fungsi gaun thobe disebabkan kesulitan ekonomi, revolusi, ekspansi ekonomi yang didukung penemuan-penemuan baru, dan evolusi budaya. Motif sulaman gaun thobe pre-Nakba adalah motif yang dipengaruhi oleh lingkungan alam, flora-fauna lokal, kepercayaan yang dianut penduduk, dan peralatan sehari hari. Motif pasca Nakba sampai selepas Intifada Pertama adalah motif simbol perjuangan untuk meraih kemerdekaan. Pergeseran fungsi gaun berubah dari pakaian sehari-hari dan pakaian sakral pernikahan menjadi gaun simbol perjuangan serta pakaian budaya populer dan koleksi privat. Gaun thobe bermakna sebagai simbol identitas dan resistensi ketahanan Palestina dalam memperjuangkan kemerdekaan serta cara agar tetap dapat terhubung dengan akar sejarah.  

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Israel's occupation of Palestinian land led to socio-demographic changes that directly impacted Palestinian cultural creativity. One of the changes occurred in the embroidery motifs and functions of Palestinian dress, thobe. Thobe is a traditional Palestinian dress in the form of a long dress embroidered with various colors and motifs. This research explains the factors that caused the shift in the motifs and functions of thobe dresses after the 1948 Nakba in terms of social and cultural change theories. The research explains not only the shifting forms of embroidered motifs and the functions of the thobedress but also the meaning for the population and Palestinian diaspora. This research used a qualitative descriptive approach. The data of dresses are collected through internet media studies. The researcher found that the shifting in the embroidered motifs and the function of the thobe dresses were caused by economic difficulties, revolution, economic expansion supported by discoveries, and cultural evolution. The pre-Nakba thobe dress embroidery motifs are influenced by the natural environment, local flora and fauna, beliefs of the community, and everyday tools. The motifs post-Nakba until after the First Intifada are symbolic motifs of the struggle for independence. The shift function of dresses changed from everyday wear and sacred wedding attire to a dress symbolic of struggle as well as to popular fashion dresses and private collections. The thobe dress is meaningful as a symbol of Palestinian identity and resistance in fighting for independence and also a way to stay connected to historical roots."

"This book consists of two sections. The first section focused on the rise of Hamas as the most important and popular group in Palestine especially after the general elections of 2006. Using social movement theories as the framework for analysis, this section seeks to investigate the causes and consequences of the rise of Hamas. It is examined the causes of the continuing rise of Hamas by looking especially at the views and strategies of the Muslim Brotherhood as a mother organization of Hamas in Palestine that has been involved in the Arab - Israeli conflict since 1936. The second section examines Indonesian foreign policy on the Arab - Israeli conflict. This conflict has been concerned by the Government of Indonesia since Indonesian independence because of two reasons: firstly, a domestic sentiment especially coming from Indonesian Muslim; and secondly, the involvement of the major powers in the world in this conflict. The government response to the conflict is based on the views that Israel has occupied Palestinian territory illegally. Indonesia also has supported Palestinian independence state. However, how the regimes have realized this policy in the history of Indonesian foreign policy on this conflict is not similar. The differences are shaped by domestic politics and international considerations."

"ABSTRAKMenutupi akhir tahun 2008, tepatnya tanggal 27 Desember 2008, militer Israel menyerang dan membombardir wilayah Jalur Gaza yang dipimpin oleh Hamas. Pada hari pertama saja, Israel mengerahkan 50 pesawat tempur F-16 dan helikopter Apache meluluhlantakan wilayah Gaza serta menjatuhkan lebih dari 100 bom pada 100 target.Selama 22 hari, Israel tanpa henti menghujani ribuan bom ke wilayah Jalur Gaza yang masuk bagian dari Palestina. Lokasi yang menjadi sasaran bom militer Israel tak hanya basis militer Hamas. Tapi juga sekolah, rumah sakit, masjid, serta pemukiman penduduk juga menjadi sasaran dari serangan Zionis ini. Tidak tanggung-tanggung, hingga berakhirnya perang pada tanggal 18 Januari 2009, antara 1166 hingga 1417 warga tidak berdosa pun tewas akibat muntahan senjata dari pesawat-pesawat tempur, tank dan kapal militer Israel.Israel berharap tindakan militer dapat meredam atau bahkan menghilangkan aksi kekerasan yang dilakukan oleh para pejuang perlawanan Palestina. Namun, tindakan militer Israel, tidak dapat menghancurkan Hamas, bahkan Israel tidak memenangkan Perang Gaza tahun 2008-2009 dan bulan November 2012.Tesis ini berusaha menjawab permasalahan tersebut: mengapa Israel yang memiliki kekuatan militer yang besar tidak mengalahkan Hamas yang tidak memiliki militer yang sebanding? Lalu strategi apa yang dipakai oleh Hamas dalam memenangi perang Gaza?

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ABSTRACTStarting on December 27, 2008 or four days before passing of the year 2009, Israel military attacked and bombarded the Gaza‟s controlled by Hamas, which is one of the Palestine factions. On the first day, Israel deployed 50 F-16 and Apache helicopter to devastated Gaza‟s area and dropped more than 100 bombs on 100 targets.In 22 days, Israel continued bombing more than a thousand bombs to Gaza‟s area in Palestine. Target of locations of Israel military not only Hamas military basis but also public schools, hospital, mosque, and civil resident was being attacking by this Zionist. Until the end of war on January 18, 2009, in between 1166 to 1417 innocent people were killed by war planes, tanks, and ships of Israel military. Palestine People‟s was suffered in Gaza, after Israel blocked all medical and humanitarian aid, including the power and water supply.Israel wished military actions would be stopped the actions of Palestine warrior. However, the actions of Israel military cannot destroy Hamas, even though Israel not winning Gaza‟s war in 2008 – 2009 also in November 2012.This thesis report endeavor to answer the case: Why Israel with a huge military support cannot defeat Hamas with less military? Then, what Hamas strategy winning the Gaza‟s war?"

"Theoretical foundations -- Cultural genocide and the American Indians -- Russia and the Jews in the nineteenth century -- Israel and Palestinian cultural genocide -- The Chinese assimilation of Tibet -- Conclusion."