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Abstrak :
The Israel-Palestine conflict has long hindered diplomatic ties between Israel and many Arab and Muslim countries. However, a significant shift occurred in 1979, when Egypt normalised relations, followed by Jordan in 1994 and the Abraham Accords in 2020. These normalisation efforts signal a move from pan-Arab stance against Israel, based on the 1967 Khartoum Declaration, to a regional partnership driven by Arab states’ national interests. Despite establishing diplomatic relations, the need to achieve lasting stability and peace in the region necessitates addressing the Israel-Palestine issue comprehensively. The existence of an independent Palestinian state alongside Israel, ensuring safety for both Palestinians and Jews, is crucial. This imperative has become even more apparent in the 2023 Israel-Hamas war. Any renewed normalisation efforts between Arab states and Israel should learn from the precedents set in earlier waves of normalisation, but prioritising a better solution for the Israel-Palestine conflict is essential for the stability and peace in the Middle East.

Abstrak :
Tesis ini membahas tentang efektivitas bantuan Indonesia ke Palestina dalam menangani dampak konflik Palestina-Israel. Adapun permasalahan yang dibahas adalah diplomasi Indonesia tentang permasalahan Palestina, kebijakan luar negeri Indonesia dalam membantu Palestina, efektivitas bantuan pemerintah Indonesia dan Aksi Cepat Tanggap (ACT) ke Palestina. Terdapat tiga konsep teori yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini, yaitu konsep diplomasi, konsep kebijakan luar negeri dan konsep efektivitas bantuan kemanusiaan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis diskriptif dengan memperoleh data melalui wawancara dan kajian studi pustaka (library interview). Tesis ini menemukan bahwa Indonesia telah melakukan berbagai langkah diplomasi di forum internasional sebagai upaya untuk mengajak seluruh masyarakat internasional mendukung upaya penyelesaian konflik antara Palestina dan Israel. Pemerintah Indonesia berkomitmen untuk selalu memberikan bantuan kepada Palestina baik dalam bentuk diplomasi maupun bantuan lainnya. Bantuan yang disalurkan oleh pemerintah Indonesia efektif dalam hal diplomasi akan tetapi belum cukup efektif dalam pendanaan dan capacity buiding. Sedangkan bantuan dari ACT yang telah efektif karena telah memenuhi lima kriteria dalam pemberian bantuan kemanusiaan. Kata Kunci : Efektivitas, Bantuan Indonesia, Konflik Palestina-Israel ......This thesis discusses the effectiveness of Indonesian assistance to Palestine in dealing with the impact of the Palestinian-Israeli conflict. The issues discussed were Indonesian diplomacy on the Palestinian issue, Indonesia's foreign policy in helping Palestine, the effectiveness of Indonesian government assistance and Aksi Cepat Tanggap (ACT) to Palestine. There are three theoretical concepts used in this study, namely the concept of diplomacy, foreign policy concepts and the concept of effectiveness of humanitarian assistance. The method used in this study is descriptive analysis by obtaining data through interviews and library interviews. This thesis found that Indonesia had taken various steps in diplomacy in international forums as an effort to encourage the entire international community to support efforts to resolve conflicts between Palestine and Israel. The Indonesian government is committed to always providing assistance to Palestine both in the form of diplomacy and other assistance. Assistance channeled by the Indonesian government is effective in terms of diplomacy but has not been sufficiently effective in funding and capacity building. While assistance from ACT has been effective because it has fulfilled the five criteria in providing humanitarian assistance.

Abstrak :
Definisi 'pengungsi' dalam istilah hukum telah menciptakan pemahaman yang sama mengenai situasi "perlindungan" yang didefinisikan dengan tidak memiliki kewarganegaraan, suatu keadaan yang dapat dibenarkan dengan memberikan perlindungan individu dan hak-hak sipil yang ditawarkan oleh kewarganegaraan dalam negara, apapun negaranya. Kasus unik pengungsi Palestina di Yordania, yang sebagian mayoritas memiliki kewarganegaraan Yordania, menantang definisi itu. Identifikasi Pengungsi Palestina di Yordania yang memiliki kewarganegaraan Yordania dengan statusnya sebagai pengungsi dan hak mereka atas status yang dimungkinkan oleh UNRWA mengusulkan pemahaman tentang situasi perpindahan yang ditandai dengan perpindahan, situasi yang hanya bisa dibenarkan dengan pengembalian. Dalam penelitian ini, Identitas pengungsi Palestina sebagai bangsa dianalisis dalam konteks sentralitas perpindahan bagi suatu negara di pengasingan dan apa syarat perpindahan bernegosiasi dengan tempat tinggal jangka panjang mereka di Yordania. Hasilnya adalah kategorisasi antara pengungsi Palestina yang berpegang teguh pada identitas mereka sebagai pengungsi Palestina, di mana kewarganegaraan Yordania hanya dilihat sebagai alat untuk menopang hidupnya di pengasingan dan pengungsi Palestina yang sudah menganggap dirinya bagian dari bangsa Yordania dengan identitas hibrida sebagai Palestina-Yordania. Situasi ini dimungkinkan oleh bentrokan identitas masa lalu sebagai orang Palestina dengan realitas kehidupan di masa sekarang sebagai pemukim, kemudian menjadi warga negara, di Yordania sejak 1949. ......The definition of 'refugee' in legal terms has created a common understanding of the situation of "protection" defined by statelessness, a situation that can be justified by providing individual protection and civil rights offered by citizenship in a country, regardless of the country. The unique case of Palestinian refugees in Jordan, the majority of whom hold Jordanian citizenship, challenges that definition. Identification of Palestinian Refugees in Jordan who hold Jordanian citizenship with refugee status and their right to that status enabled by UNRWA proposes an understanding of displacement situations characterized by displacement, situations that can only be justified by return. In this study, the identity of Palestinian refugees as a nation is analyzed in the context of centrality migration for a country in exile and what terms of migration are negotiated with their long-term residence in Jordan. The result is a categorization between Palestinian refugees who cling to their identity as Palestinian refugees, where Jordanian citizenship is only seen as a means to sustain life in exile and Palestinian refugees who already considers himself part of the Jordanian nation with a hybrid identity as Palestinian-Jordan. This situation is made possible by the clash of past identities as Palestinians with the realities of life today as settlers, then citizens, in Jordan since 1949.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Skripsi ini membahas pengungsi Palestina di Lebanon sejak 1948 hingga 1969. Landasan teori yang digunakan sebagai alat analisis ialah teori perpindahan penduduk secara umum serta teori pengungsi. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif yang berdasar pada metode sejarah dengan jenis penelitian deskriptif. Dekatnya jarak tempuh antara wilayah Palestina bagian utara dengan wilayah Lebanon bagian selatan, menyebabkan sejumlah penduduk Palestina bermigrasi dan menjadi pengungsi di sana. Hadir sebagai kelompok minoritas, pengungsi Palestina mengalami pembatasan hak-hak sipil dari pemerintah Lebanon. Sebagai hasilnya, perwakilan Palestina dan Lebanon menandatangani Perjanjian Kairo pada 1969 di Kairo, Mesir, untuk menanggapi dampak yang ditimbulkan oleh pengungsi Palestina

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ABSTRACT
The focus of this study is Palestinian refugees in Lebanon from 1948 until 1969. This study uses the theory of population movement in general and the theory of refugee. This is a qualitative research with descriptive design and is based on a historical method. Nearness of distance between the northern Palestinian territories to the southern Lebanon region, causing a number of Palestinian population migrated and became refugees there. Having been a minority group in Lebanon, Palestinian refugees experienced civil rights restriction which was conducted by the government of Lebanon. As a result, Palestinian and Lebanese delegations signed the Cairo Agreement in 1969 in Cairo, Egypt, as a respond of the impact which was caused by the Palestinian refugees.

Abstrak :
Minat terhadap sinema Palestina meningkat, baik dalam studi film maupun ruang publik. Pada bulan Oktober 2021, Netflix merilis 32 film Palestina dalam koleksi Palestinian Stories dimana 12 di antaranya merupakan film pendek. Palestina juga memproduksi lebih dari 200 film pendek dalam kurun waktu dua dekade. Beberapa film pendek seperti Like Twenty Impossibles (2003) dan The Present (2020) memperoleh berbagai penghargaan di ajang festival film internasional bahkan menjadi nominasi Oscars. Selain bercerita tentang sulitnya melewati checkpoint, keduanya juga mendapat ulasan positif bahwa apa yang disampaikan terasa realistis dan membuka mata tentang kehidupan di Palestina. Penelitian ini mendiskusikan tentang bagaimana wacana perjuangan dikonstruksi dalam film pendek Palestina Like Twenty Impossibles dan The Present. Pendekatan yang digunakan yaitu analisis wacana kritis tiga-dimensi Norman Fairclough. Melalui tiga tahap analisis wacana yaitu deskripsi teks, interpretasi hubungan antara teks dan interaksi, serta eksplanasi dari hubungan antara interaksi dan konteks sosial, peneliti mendapati bahwa seorang sutradara mengkonstruksikan wacana perjuangan Palestina di dalam film pendek mereka. Wacana perjuangan itu ditampilkan melalui dialog dan ekspresi tokoh serta simbol perjuangan yang merepresentasikan adanya tekanan emosional, diskriminasi, dan ketidakberdayaan mengubah sistem yang berlaku. ......Interest in Palestinian film is increasing, both in film studies and in the public sphere. In October 2021, Netflix released 32 Palestinian films in its Palestinian Stories collection, of which 12 were short films. Palestine has also produced more than 200 short films in the span of two decades. Several short films, such Like Twenty Impossibles (2003) and The Present (2020), have received various awards at international film festivals and even received Oscar nominations. In addition to telling us about the difficulty of passing the checkpoint, both of them also received positive reviews, stating that what was conveyed was realistic and eye-opening about life in Palestine. This research looks at how the discourse of struggle is constructed in Palestinian short films such as Twenty Impossibles and The Present. The approach used is Norman Fairclough's three-dimensional critical discourse analysis. Through three stages of discourse analysis: text description; interpretation of the relationship between text and interaction; and explanation of the relationship between interaction and social context, the researchers found that the director constructed the discourse of the Palestinian struggle in their short film. The discourse of struggle is displayed through the dialogues and expressions of characters and symbols of struggle representing emotional stress, discrimination, and powerlessness to change the prevailing system.

Abstrak :
Penjajahan Israel atas tanah Palestina mengakibatkan perubahan sosiodemografi yang berdampak kepada kreativitas kebudayaan Palestina. Perubahan kreativitas salah satunya terjadi dalam motif sulaman dan fungsi gaun thobe. Thobe adalah pakaian tradisional Palestina berupa gaun panjang yang disulam dengan berbagai warna dan motif. Penelitian menjelaskan faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan pergeseran motif dan fungsi gaun thobe pasca Nakba 1948 ditinjau dari teori perubahan sosial dan kebudayaan. Penelitian juga menjelaskan bentuk-bentuk pergeseran motif sulaman dan fungsi gaun thobe serta makna gaun thobe bagi penduduk dan diaspora rakyat Palestina. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif yang bersifat deskriptif. Data gaun dikumpulkan melalui studi media internet. Peneliti menemukan bahwa pergeseran motif sulaman dan fungsi gaun thobe disebabkan kesulitan ekonomi, revolusi, ekspansi ekonomi yang didukung penemuan-penemuan baru, dan evolusi budaya. Motif sulaman gaun thobe pre-Nakba adalah motif yang dipengaruhi oleh lingkungan alam, flora-fauna lokal, kepercayaan yang dianut penduduk, dan peralatan sehari hari. Motif pasca Nakba sampai selepas Intifada Pertama adalah motif simbol perjuangan untuk meraih kemerdekaan. Pergeseran fungsi gaun berubah dari pakaian sehari-hari dan pakaian sakral pernikahan menjadi gaun simbol perjuangan serta pakaian budaya populer dan koleksi privat. Gaun thobe bermakna sebagai simbol identitas dan resistensi ketahanan Palestina dalam memperjuangkan kemerdekaan serta cara agar tetap dapat terhubung dengan akar sejarah.   ......Israel's occupation of Palestinian land led to socio-demographic changes that directly impacted Palestinian cultural creativity. One of the changes occurred in the embroidery motifs and functions of Palestinian dress, thobe. Thobe is a traditional Palestinian dress in the form of a long dress embroidered with various colors and motifs. This research explains the factors that caused the shift in the motifs and functions of thobe dresses after the 1948 Nakba in terms of social and cultural change theories. The research explains not only the shifting forms of embroidered motifs and the functions of the thobedress but also the meaning for the population and Palestinian diaspora. This research used a qualitative descriptive approach. The data of dresses are collected through internet media studies. The researcher found that the shifting in the embroidered motifs and the function of the thobe dresses were caused by economic difficulties, revolution, economic expansion supported by discoveries, and cultural evolution. The pre-Nakba thobe dress embroidery motifs are influenced by the natural environment, local flora and fauna, beliefs of the community, and everyday tools. The motifs post-Nakba until after the First Intifada are symbolic motifs of the struggle for independence. The shift function of dresses changed from everyday wear and sacred wedding attire to a dress symbolic of struggle as well as to popular fashion dresses and private collections. The thobe dress is meaningful as a symbol of Palestinian identity and resistance in fighting for independence and also a way to stay connected to historical roots.