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Abstrak :
"Some patients present with a primary complaint of pain while others complain of pain secondary to a more generalized disease process or procedure. As a healthcare professional, you are trained to diagnose the pathology and then treat it. A patient presents with pneumonia, your work-up supports the diagnosis; you treat it, then the patient gets better. However, another layer of patient care needs more focus in the medical community. If the patient with pneumonia complains of intercostal pain secondary to a violent cough, we have the ability to manage the symptoms of pain effectively, and should not hesitate to do so promptly. Our actions to alleviate pain will not hinder our ability to treat the underlying disease. Yet modern medicine often considers these goals mutually exclusive, with pain management a distance second. As medical professionals, when we have an incomplete understanding of how to treat a condition, we under treat it, erring on the side of do no harm. This book will give you the confidence to confront your patient's discomfort and succeed in conquering the pain"--Provided by publisher.

Abstrak :
This book explores the lived experience of pain, and questions of identity and pain, from a range of different disciplinary perspectives within the humanities and social sciences. Discussing the acuity and temporality of pain, its isolating impact, the embodied expression of pain, pain and sexuality, gender and ethnicity, it also includes a cluster of three chapters discusses the phenomenon and experience of labour pains. This book revitalizes the study of pain, offering productive ways of carefully thinking through its different aspects and exploring the positive and enriching side of world-forming pain as well as its limiting aspects. It will be of interest to academics and students interested in pain from a range of backgrounds, including philosophy, sociology, nursing, midwifery, medicine and gender studies.

Abstrak :
Pekerja bagian produksi di perusahaan elektronik bekerja dengan sistim ban berjalan sehingga banyak melakukan gerakan berulang lengan alas dalam menyelesaikan tugasnya. Gerakan berulang bila dilakukan secara terus menerus dan dengan frelcuensi yang tinggi dapat menyebabkan timbulnya Work Related Musculoskeletal (WMSD), salah satunya adalah Sindroma Nyeri Bahu (SNB). Oieh karena itu dilakukan penelitian ini dengan tujuan mengetahui prevalensi serta faktor-faktor apa yang berhubungan dengan timbulnya SNB. Metoda penelitian : Desain. penelitian adalah k:ros seksional/potong lintang, dengan membandingkan prevalensi di bagian produksi dan quality control pada departemen produksi. Populasi adalah pekerja wanita. Didapatkan sampel sebesar 106 orang dari bagian produksi dan 48 orang dari bagian quality control. Pengumpulan data dilakukan antara bulan Maret sampai Juni 2005. Data diperoleh melalui wawancara dengan kuesioner, observasi dan pemeriksaan fisik,termasuk tes neurologi. Data suhu lingkungan kerja didapatkan dari data sekunder. Basil penelitian : Didapatkan prevalensi SNB sebesar 29,2 % untuk seluruh departemen produksi, dengan prevalensi di bagian produksi 36,8 % dan quality control 12,5 %. Faktor yang berhubungan dengan SNB adalah jenis pekerjaan, kebiasaan olah raga, riwayat pekerjaan, status reproduksi, jenis gerakan lengan was > 45 ° dan jumlah gerakan berulang. Faktor jumlah gerakan berulang kategori tinggi (>1.200 gerakan/jam) merupakan faktor yang paling berperan dengan SNB (OR suaian =3,749 ; 95 % CI 1,45-9,70) Kesimpulan dan saran : Prevalensi SNB di perusahaan ini sebesar 29,2 %. Gerakan berulang kategori tinggi berhubungan bermakna dengan SNB, sehingga perlu dilakukan rotasi kerja antara kedua bagian pekerja tersebut.

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Workers in the production department of electronic factory have to work on conveyor line system which requires repetitive movement of upper arm with high frequencies for doing the job. Continuous repetitive movement will cause work related musculoskeletal disorder, one of them is Shoulder Pain Syndrome. This study was conducted to identify the association between Shoulder Pain Syndrome and other related factors. Methodology : The design of this study was cross sectional with comparison of two sites production department were production section and quality control section. The selected respondent were 106 workers from production section and 48 workers from quality control section. Data collection was conducted from Mach to June 2005. The data collection method used were guided interviews, observation and physical examination, including neurology test. Room temperature was obtained from secondary data. Results The prevalence of Shoulder Pain Syndrome was 29,2 % in the production department, 36,8 % in production section and 12,5 % from quality control section. Several risk factor were related to Shoulder Pain Syndrome such as job description, sport activity, reproduction status, upper arm > 45 degree and frequency of repetitive movement. The determinant variable showed significant relationship with Shoulder Pain Syndrome is the frequency of repetitive movement (OR =3,749 ; 95 % CI =1,45-9,70) Conclusion and Recommendation : Prevalence of Shoulder Pain Syndrome was found high among female electronic workers. It was concluded that high repetitive movement had a significant relationship with Shoulder Pain Syndrome, so that job rotation between these two sections is needed.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Tujuan : Membandingkan efektivitas pemberian terapi laser tenaga rendah yang diaplikasikan setiap hari dengan aplikasi 2 kali perminggu dalam menurunkan derajat nyeri pada penderita osteoartritis servikal. Metode : Uji klinis acak tersamar tunggal, empat puluh subyek penelitian dibagi menjadi dua kelompok. Kelompok I mendapatkan terapi laser tenaga rendah tiap hari kerja selama 10 hari terapi (2 minggu), sedangkan kelompok II mendapatkan terapi laser tenaga rendah 2 kali perminggu selama 10 hari terapi (5 minggu). Tempat : Departemen Rehabilitasi Medik RSUPN-CM Jakarta. Hasil : Hasil intervensi selama 10 kali pertemuan berturut-turut menunjukkan penurunan nilai VAS yang bermakna (p<0,05). Dengan analisis general linier model for repeated measure didapatkan tren penurunan nilai VAS kelompok yang diintervensi setiap hari menunjukkan penurunan yang lebih baik dibandingkan kelompok yang diintervensi dengan interval 2 kali perminggu. Pada kelompok pertama didapatkan penurunan nilai VAS lebih besar pada terapi laser tenaga rendah setiap hari mulai pada pertemuan ke-6 hingga pertemuan ke-10. Kesimpulan : Laser tenaga rendah efektif menurunkan nyeri leher penderita OA servikal.Terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna terhadap penurunan nilai VAS antara terapi laser tenaga rendah setiap hari dan terapi laser tenaga rendah 2 kali perminggu, dengan penurunan nilai VAS lebih besar pada terapi laser tenaga rendah setiap hari

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ABSTRACT
Objective : Comparing the effectiveness between everyday and twice weekly application of Low Level Laser Therapy, in lowering rate of pain in patients with cervical osteoarthritis. Design : Single-blind randomized clinical trials, forty subjects were divided into two groups. Group I get a low level laser therapy everyday for 10 days of therapy (2 weeks), whereas group II get a low level laser therapy twice weekly for 10 days of therapy (5 weeks). Setting : Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Department Dr Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital Jakarta. Result : The results of the intervention for 10 consecutive sessions shows a significant decrease in VAS values (p <0.05). Result analysis with general linier model for repeated measure in both groups show a better VAS decline in everyday application group. In first group, the decrease in VAS is greater in application of Low Level Laser Therapy from session six to ten. Conclusion : Low level laser therapy effectively decreased neck pain in cervical OA. There was significant difference in VAS between everyday and twice weekly application of low level laser therapy, with a greater reduction in VAS value in every day application.

Abstrak :
Pengambilan darah intravena dapat menimbulkan nyeri dan traumatik pada anak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi pengaruh madu terhadap skor nyeri anak saat pengambilan darah. Desain penelitian ini adalah kuasi eksperimen. Sampel diambil dengan consecutive sampling, terdiri dari kelompok intervensi yang mendapatkan madu per oral (34 responden) dan kelompok kontrol mendapatkan plasebo (34 responden) usia responden 1-6 tahun. Skor nyeri dievaluasi dengan Children?s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Pain Scale (CHEOPS). Hasil analisis menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan bermakna rata-rata skor nyeri anak pada kelompok madu dan kelompok plasebo (p=0,001). Peneliti menyimpulkan pemberian madu per oral dapat menurunkan skor nyeri pada anak saat pengambilan darah intravena. ......The intravenous blood taken can cause pains and be traumatic for child.This research has the aims to identify The influence of giving honey decreasing on the score of pain. The design of this research is quasi experiment. Samples were taken by consecutive sampling which consists of the intervened group who obtained honey per oral (34 respondents) and controlled group obtained plasebo (34 respondents) kelompok.The score of pains are evaluated with Children?s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Pain Scale (CHEOPS) respondents aged 1-6 years. The result of analysis shows there is a significant difference on the average score of pains between the intervened and controlled group (p=0,001). The researcher concluded that the giving of honey per oral can decrease the score of pains on child when the intravena blood taken.

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Abstrak :
Nyeri pasca bedah merupakan salah satu penyebab nyeri akut yang paling umum. Penanganan nyeri yang efektif merupakan komponen fundamental dari pelayanan pasien yang berkualitas. Di RS Prima Medika belum ada protokol standar penanganan nyeri pasca bedah. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengukur intensitas nyeri pasien pasca bedah di RS Prima Medika, membuat protokol standar penanganan nyeri pasca bedah di RS Prima Medika dalam mewujudkan pelayanan yang berkualitas dan aman bagi pasien. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif dengan teknik pengambilan data melalui observasi intensitas nyeri pada pasien pasca laparotomi dan wawancara mendalam dengan informan serta telaah dokumen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan intensitas nyeri pada periode 24 jam pasca bedah adalah nyeri ringan, pada periode 48 jam pasca bedah intensitas nyeri bervariasi antara nyeri ringan sampai sedang dengan prosedur penanganan nyeri yang tidak terarah dengan baik. Diperlukan suatu SOP untuk memberikan penanganan nyeri pasca bedah yang optimal. ......Fundamental component to serve a quality service to the patient. There is no Standard operating procedure in pain management in Prima Medika Hospital. The aim of this study is to measure the intensity of pain in postoperative patient in this hospital, to arrange a standard operating procedure for postoperative pain management to serve a quality and safe service to the patient. This is a qualitative descriptive study where data were collect by observed pain intensity in post laparotomy patient, in-depth interviews with the informans and reviewed documents. Result show that pain intensity in 24 hours after surgery were mild, and in 48 hours the pain intensity were mild to moderate with no proper protocol. A standard operatimg procedure is needed to give the best pain management to the patient

Abstrak :
Latar Belakang : Analgesia efektif dapat mengurangi morbiditas, mempercepat pemulihan, meningkatkan kondisi pasien dan mengurangi biaya rumah sakit. Teknik blok epidural sering digunakan untuk tatalaksana nyeri pascatorakotomi,namun beberapa keterbatasan ditimbulkan pada teknik ini. Teknik blok Paravertebral (PVB) dapat digunakan sebagai alternatif tatalaksana nyeri,pemasangan intraoperatif oleh dokter bedah Toraks Kardio Vaskular. Metode : Penelitian eksperimental, consecutive sampling, 22 subjek, dilakukan torakotomi posterolateral elektif, di Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Persahabatan Jakarta. Subjek dibagi menjadi kelompok 1 (PVB) dan kelompok 2 (epidural). Diberikan regimen anestesi blok yang sama di kedua kelompok. Skor nyeri VAS diukur saat pasien telah di ekstubasi, pada jam ke-24, 36, dan 48. Dilakukan pengukuran terhadap waktu mobilisasi duduk, komplikasi dan analgetik tambahan. Hasil : Blok Paravertebral memberikan hasil lebih baik pada penilaian VAS jam ke-24 (p=0,029). Pada penilaian VAS jam ke-36 dan 48, tidak ada perbedaan signifikan dikedua kelompok. Pada pengamatan waktu mobilisasi didapakan kelompok1 lebih cepat mobilisasi (p=0,038). Pada pengamatan terhadap komplikasi dan penambahan analgetik tidak didapatkan perbedaan bermakna. Kesimpulan : Teknik blok Paravertebral dengan kateter yang dipasang oleh dokter BTKV dapat digunakan dengan beberapa keuntungan untuk manajemen tatalaksana nyeri pada pasien pascatorakotomi.

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Background : Analgesia can effectively reduce morbidity, recovery, emprove condition and reduce hospital cost. Epidural block is often used for pain treatment post thoracotomy, however, some limitation posed on this technique. Paravertebral block (PVB) can be used as an alternative to the treatment of pain, instalation intraoperatively by Cardio Vascular Thoracic Surgeon. Method : Experimental research, consecutive sampling, 22 subjects, performed elective posterolateral thoracotomy, in General Hospital Persahabatan Jakarta. Subjects were divided into group 1 (PVB) and group 2 (epidural). Given same regimen block anesthesia in both groups. VAS pain scores measured when the patient has extubated, at 24 hr, 36, and 48. Do measures of mobilization time sitting, complication and additional analgetics Results : PVB provides better result in VAS assessment 24 hr (p=0,029). On VAS assessment 36 hr and 48 h, there was no significant difference in both groups. Group 1 found faster mobilization (p=0,038). In observation of complications and additional analgetic not found significant differences Conclusion : PVB with catheter, placed by surgeon can be used with multiple advantages for pain management in post thoraotomy.