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Abstrak :
Piutang merupakan harta lancar yang terbesar pada organisasi kesehatan dan berdampak dana investasi. Kegagalan pengelolaan piutang di rumah sakit akan mengganggu cash flow dan kegiatan operasional rumah sakit. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui penyebab saldo piutang pasien jaminan pihak keti- ga yang tinggi, meliputi dinas dan langganan di RS Port Medical Center. Penelitian operasional ini melakukan pengamatan langsung dan telaah dokumen pa- da proses pengelolaan piutang pada tahap penerimaan, pembebanan biaya, penataan rekening, penagihan dan penutupan rekening. Informan adalah para pejabat dan pelaksana yang terlibat. Didapatkan bahwa tidak ada standar atau persyaratan kredit yang berlaku sebelum kerja sama. Potongan harga, jang- ka waktu pembayaran dan sanksi yang tertera dalam perjanjian kerja sama tidak dapat dijalankan. Telah ada upaya penagihan, tetapi belum optimal. Belum ada prosedur tentang cara penagihan bila pembayaran terlambat. Pada lima tahap pengelolaan piutang terlihat beban tugas penata rekening yang tinggi. Dan SOP hanya tersedia pada tahap pembebanan biaya. Proses seleksi yang menggunakan sistem billing online mempermudah pekerjaan tetapi menuntut ketelitian tinggi. Jumlah tagihan dan saldo piutang terbesar adalah dinas. Perusahaan asuransi mempunyai saldo piutang terkecil dan proporsi pembayaran terkecil adalah Jamsostek. Proses penagihan pada dinas, perusahaan umum dan perusahaan asuransi relatif sama (20 hari). Lama proses penagihan dan umur piutang terlama adalah Jamsostek.

Account receivables is the biggest current assets in health organization including hospitals and will influence investation fund management. Failure in ac- count receivables management will confound the cash flow and operational activities. The purpose of this study is to know the causes of high account re- ceivables of patients insured by third party. This operational research used direct observations and documents review regarding the management process of the insured patient account receivables at the stage of admission, charge capture, account billing, collecting and account writing off. An in-depth interview was conducted to the involved persons and officers. The result of the study shows that the current credit policy prevails at PMC hospital seems to be linient since no credit standard or credit terms given before colaboration. Discount, payment period and sanctions are included in the agreement but not effective. There are efforts for claiming, but it has not been done optimally. There is no procedure that can be used in collecting account if there were delay. There is a shor- tage of staff on the account arrangement and overlapped tasks of staff at central opname. The only available standard operating procedure was at the stage of charge capture. Although the completion process has used on line billing system, to simplify the task, it still needs high accuracy to get accurate data. The highest claim goes to the state owned company. The highest account receivable also goes to the state owned company. From four health insurance compa- nies, Jamsostek has the lowest payment percentage. It is also found that the length of the collecting process is 20 days for state owned companies, public companies and insurance companies and 60 days for Jamsostek. The length of billing process and account receivable days for Jamsostek was the longest.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Skripsi ini membahas evaluasi hasil terapi ARV terhadap perubahan jumlah CD4 dan berat badan, serta terapi OAT terhadap perubahan berat badan pada pasien koinfeksi TB/HIV di RSCM tahun 2009. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui keefektifan terapi ARV dan OAT, serta melihat pengaruh karakteristik demografi terhadap perubahan berat dan jumlah CD4 pada pasien koinfeksi TB/HIV di RSCM. Desain studi yang dipakai adalah Cross sectional. Hasil penelitian membuktikan bahwa pasien yang mendapat terapi ARV mengalami peningkatan jumlah CD4 rata - rata sebesar 200,44 sel/mm3 dengan p value 0,0005 (bermakna secara statistik). Pada pengukuran berat badan, ternyata terapi ARV meningkatkan berat badan pasien rata - rata sebesar 5,12 kg dengan p value 0,0005 (bermakna secara statistik), dan pada pasien yang mendapatkan terapi OAT secara lengkap berat badan meningkat rata ? rata sebesar 4,79 kg dengan p value sebesar 0,0005 (bermakna secara statistik). Berdasarkan karakteristik demografi, bahwa pada pasien dengan kelompok umur lebih dari 30 tahun, pendidikan lebih dari SMA, sudah menikah, bekerja dan jenis kelamin laki-laki mempunyai peningkatan berat badan yang lebih tinggi, namun uji statistik tidak signifikan. Jika dilihat dari peningkatan jumlah CD4, pasien dengan kelompok umur lebih dari 30 tahun, pendidikan lebih dari SMA, sudah menikah, bekerja dan jenis kelamin perempuan mempunyai peningkatan jumlah CD4 yang lebih tinggi, namun uji statistik tidak signifikan. Maka, kesimpulannya adalah karakteristik demografi tidak mempengaruhi peningkatan berat badan maupun jumlah CD4.

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ABSTRACT
This research discusses the evaluation results of antiretroviral therapy on CD4 cell count changes and weight, and OAT therapy on weight changes in patients coinfected with TB/HIV in RSCM in 2009. The study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of ARV therapy and OAT and see the impact of demographic characteristics to changes in weight and CD4 count in patients coinfected with TB/HIV in RSCM. Study designed used was cross sectional. Research shows that patients who received antiretroviral therapy experienced an increase in mean CD4 counts average of 200,44 cell/mm3 with a p value 0.0005 (statistically significant). In the measurement of body weight, ARV therapy can increase a patients weight average of 5,12 kg with a p value 0.0005 (statistically significant), and in patient receiving OAT full weight increase average of 4,79 kg with a p value of 0.0005 (statistically significant). Based on demographic characteristics, that in patients with age group over 30 years, more than high that in patients with age group over 30 years, more than high school education, married, working and male gender had a weight gain is higher, but the test was not statistically significant. If viewed from an increase in CD4 cell counts, patients with the age group over 30 years, more than high school education, married, working and women gender have increased CD4 counts are higher, but the test was not statistically significant. Thus, the conclusion is the demographic characteristics did not affect weight gain and CD4 cell count

Abstrak :
Improvement of per capita income will boost the demand for outpatient care and lead enhanced expectation of service quality of hospital. People perceived that private hospital has better services than public hospital. Based on these, we assumed that private hospital users have particular characteristics. This study aimed to investigate factors associated with utilization of private hospitals for outpatient care and who get the benefits, the rich or the poor. This study used data of 42,540 respondents from IFLS-4 collected in 2007. Analyses showed the higher the income the higher the demand. Insured?s groups have higher demand than uninsured. Demand analyses revealed that increased price of private hospital caused higher demand. This evidence indicated that outpatient care of private hospital was perceived as luxuries goods. However increased price of public hospital did not influence the demand of private hospital. It is indicate that private hospital has different type with patients of public hospital. It means that the two types of hospital comprise different segment of patients. The rich benefited more outpatient care in private hospital than the poor. It implies that the government should enforced Ministry of Health?s regulation on hospital social function.

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Harapan mutu pelayanan rumah sakit. Masyarakat memiliki persepsi pelayanan rumah sakit swasta lebih bermutu daripada rumah sakit pemerintah, sehingga terdapat asumsi pelanggan rumah sakit swasta mempunyai karakteristik khusus. Tujuan studi ini adalah menginvestigasi berbagai faktor yang berhubungan dengan utilisasi rawat jalan dan kelompok yang mendapat manfaat. Studi ini menggunakan 42.540 responden rumah sakit swasta IFLS-4 tahun 2007. Semakin tinggi pendapatan semakin tinggi pula permintaan, kelompok jaminan/asuransi mempunyai permintaan yang lebih tinggi daripada non-jaminan. Kenaikan tarif rawat jalan rumah sakit swasta yang dipersepsi masyarakat sebagai barang mewah meningkatkan permintaan. Namun, kenaikan tarif rawat jalan rumah sakit pemerintah tidak memengaruhi permintaan rawat jalan rumah sakit swasta. Hal tersebut mengindikasikan karakteristik pasien rumah sakit swasta yang berbeda dari rumah sakit pemerintah. Kelompok kaya mendapatkan manfaat rawat jalan rumah sakit swasta lebih besar daripada kelompok miskin. Untuk mengoreksi keadaan ini pemerintah perlu menegakkan peraturan menteri kesehatan tentang fungsi sosial rumah sakit.

Abstrak :
Perencanaan kepala ruang merupakan pedoman untuk melaksanakan tindakan terkait dengan pelaksanaan keselamatan pasien. Kuasi eksperimen dengan rancangan pretest-posttest control group design ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan pedoman perencanaan kepala ruang terhadap pelaksanaan keselamatan pasien. Hasil penelitian pada 73 perawat pelaksana RS Haji Jakarta dan 73 perawat pelaksana RS Islam Jakarta Cempaka Putih menunjukkan ada pengaruh perencanaan kepala ruang terhadap pelaksanaan keselamatan pasien oleh perawat pelaksana sebelum dan sesudah intervensi pada kelompok intervensi namun hubungan masih lemah dan berkorelasi positif (p=0.050; α=0.05). Pedoman perencanaan kepala ruang sangat diperlukan oleh kepala ruang. Rumah sakit perlu meningkatkan perencanaan kepala ruang terhadap pelayanan keperawatan dengan menyusun pedoman perencanaan kepala ruang. ......Head nurse plan designated as a guidelince for the implementation of programs related to patient safety activities. Quasi experiment with pretest-posttest control group design aimed to identify the effect of head nurse plan toward the implementation of patient safety program. The result of the research on 73 nurses at Haji Hospital Jakarta and 73 nurses at Islam Hospital Cempaka Putih Jakarta demonstrated the effect of head nurse plan toward the implementation of patient safety program, with positif yet slight correlation (p=0.050; α=0.05). However, head nurse plan is strongly required. Besides, every hospital needs to improve nursing care by improving the head nurse plan itself.

Abstrak :
Konsep muka, cara kerja muka, dan model kesantunan dalam komunikasi dokter-pasien adalah berdasarkan pendekatan English for Academic Purposes: medical yang terkait dengan arti muka sebagai konstruk sosial. Penelitian ini menginvestigasi sapaan dalam bentuk kata ganti orang kedua yang berdasarkan sistem kekerabatan dalam bentuk sapaan untuk menunjukkan rasa hormat dan disukai oleh pasien di Indonesia. Terdapat dua puluh enam (26) pasien rawat-jalan pria dan empat puluh (40) pasien rawat-jalan wanita. Data dari kuesioner terdiri dari jenis kelamin, umur, pendidikan, status pernikahan dan bentuk sapaan dalam bentuk kata ganti orang kedua yang disukai pasien rawat-jalan. Data tersebut dianalisa menggunakan ?model interaksi?. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan akan pentingnya penggunaan bentuk sapaan dalam bentuk kata ganti orang kedua berdasarkan sistem kekerabatan untuk menunjukkan rasa hormat. Kata ganti orang kedua yang disukai oleh pasien rawat jalan adalah sebagai berikut: Bapak, Mas, Dik, Ibu, Mbak, dan Adek. Bagi pasien rawat jalan wanita, mereka lebih menyukai bila dipanggil Ibu daripada Mbak bila sudah menikah. Di lain pihak, pasien rawat pria memilih Bapak, untuk yang sudah menikah, daripada Mas. Jadi dapat disimpulkan bahwa pilihan yang disukai pasien untuk bentuk kata sapaan yang berdasarkan kesantunan bukan hanya perbedaan umur namun adanya perbedaan status pernikahan. Hasil ini berbeda dengan penelitian sebelumnya yang hanya menyatakan faktor umur saja yang menentukan penggunaan kata ganti orang kedua untuk menunjukkan rasa hormat.

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The concept of face, face work and politeness model in the doctor-patient communication which is based on English for Academic Purposes: medical relied on the face as a social construct. This study investigates greeting in the form of second person pronoun based on the kinship system in terms of address to show respect as preferred by patients in Indonesia. There were twenty-six (26) male out-patients and forty (40) female patients. Data from the questionnaire consist of patients? gender, age, education, marital status and preferred second person pronoun in terms of address. They were analyzed using the ?interaction model?. The research showed on the importance of the use of greetings in the form of second person pronoun based on kinship system to show respect preferred as follows: Father/Bapak, Elder Brother/Mas, Younger Brother/Dik, Mother/Ibu, Elder Sister/Mbak, and Younger Sister/Adek. The married female patients prefer Mother/Ibu rather than Older Sister/Mbak and the married male patients prefer Father/Bapak rather than Older Brother/Mas. Thus, the patients? choices on terms of address were based not only on age but marital status. These findings were different from the previous research as it was based on age to show respect.

Abstrak :
[ABSTRAK
Perawat memegang peranan penting dalam pemberian asuhan keperawatan serta mendampingi pasien dengan kanker ginekologi selama 24 jam. Pada pelaksanaan, belum semua perawat melakukan pengkajian psikoseksual ketika memberikan asuhan pelayanan keperawatan untuk menggali masalah seksual akibat terapi yang dialami oleh pasien kanker. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi pengalaman perawat yang bekerja diunit ongkologi dalam mendiskusikan isu seksual dengan pasien dan penyintas kanker ginekologi. Secara keseluruhan fenomena yang didapatkan dalam penelitian ini adalah suatu gambaran pengalaman perawat dalam mendiskusikan isu seksual dengan pasien kanker ginekologi. Penelitian dengan metode kualitatif dengan desain fenomenologi ini melibatkan sampel sepuluh partisipan. Analisa hasil penelitian dilakukan dengan cara analisa isi dengan menyimpulkan pernyataan partisipan menjadi tema dalam penelitian. Penelitian ini menemukan lima tema utama yang berkaitan dengan pengalaman perawat dalam mendiskusikan isu seksual dengan pasien kanker ginekologi yaitu persepsi perawat tentang pelayanan psikoseksual, hambatan yang ditemukan perawat ketika mendiskusikan isu seksual dengan pasien kanker ginekologi, menemukan masalah yang mengganggu seksualitas pada pasien kanker ginekologi, cara/upaya perawat memperoleh dukungan dalam membantu masalah psikoseksual pada pasien kanker ginekologi, kebutuhan perawat terhadap implementasi pelayanan psikoseksual pada pasien kanker ginekologi. Pelayanan psikoseksual pada pasien kanker ginekologi dapat ditingkatkan dengan adanya diskusi isu seksual dengan pasien kanker ginekologi. Perawat diharapkan dapat melakukan pengkajian psikoseksual di dalam pemberian asuhan keperawatan pada pasien kanker ginekologi.

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ABSTRACT
Nurses play an important role in providing nursing care as well as assisting gynecologic cancer patients for 24 hours. In fact, not all nurses do a psychosexual assessment when providing nursing care in order to explore sexual problems related to the cancer therapy experienced by the patients. This study aimed to explore the experiences of nurses who work in oncology unit in discussing sexual issues with the patients and survivors of gynecologic cancer. Overall phenomenon obtained in this study was an overview of nurses? experiences in discussing sexual issues with gynecologic cancer patients. This study applied a qualitative method with phenomenological design. The samples were ten participants. The results were analyzed using content analysis by concluding the participants? statements to become the research themes. This study identified five main themes related to nurses? experiences in discussing sexual issues with gynecologic cancer patients, including nurses? perceptions of psychosexual services, the obstacles found by nurses when discussing sexual issues with gynecologic cancer patients, finding problems that interfere with sexuality in gynecologic cancer patients, nurses? attempts to obtain supports in helping psychosexual problems of gynecologic cancer patients, nurses? needs to the implementation of psychosexual services for gynecologic cancer patients. Psychosexual services for gynecologic cancer patients can be improved by the presence of sexual issues discussion with gynecologic cancer patients. Nurses are expected to do a psychosexual assessment in providing nursing care to gynecologic cancer patients.;Nurses play an important role in providing nursing care as well as assisting gynecologic cancer patients for 24 hours. In fact, not all nurses do a psychosexual assessment when providing nursing care in order to explore sexual problems related to the cancer therapy experienced by the patients. This study aimed to explore the experiences of nurses who work in oncology unit in discussing sexual issues with the patients and survivors of gynecologic cancer. Overall phenomenon obtained in this study was an overview of nurses? experiences in discussing sexual issues with gynecologic cancer patients. This study applied a qualitative method with phenomenological design. The samples were ten participants. The results were analyzed using content analysis by concluding the participants? statements to become the research themes. This study identified five main themes related to nurses? experiences in discussing sexual issues with gynecologic cancer patients, including nurses? perceptions of psychosexual services, the obstacles found by nurses when discussing sexual issues with gynecologic cancer patients, finding problems that interfere with sexuality in gynecologic cancer patients, nurses? attempts to obtain supports in helping psychosexual problems of gynecologic cancer patients, nurses? needs to the implementation of psychosexual services for gynecologic cancer patients. Psychosexual services for gynecologic cancer patients can be improved by the presence of sexual issues discussion with gynecologic cancer patients. Nurses are expected to do a psychosexual assessment in providing nursing care to gynecologic cancer patients.;Nurses play an important role in providing nursing care as well as assisting gynecologic cancer patients for 24 hours. In fact, not all nurses do a psychosexual assessment when providing nursing care in order to explore sexual problems related to the cancer therapy experienced by the patients. This study aimed to explore the experiences of nurses who work in oncology unit in discussing sexual issues with the patients and survivors of gynecologic cancer. Overall phenomenon obtained in this study was an overview of nurses’ experiences in discussing sexual issues with gynecologic cancer patients. This study applied a qualitative method with phenomenological design. The samples were ten participants. The results were analyzed using content analysis by concluding the participants’ statements to become the research themes. This study identified five main themes related to nurses’ experiences in discussing sexual issues with gynecologic cancer patients, including nurses’ perceptions of psychosexual services, the obstacles found by nurses when discussing sexual issues with gynecologic cancer patients, finding problems that interfere with sexuality in gynecologic cancer patients, nurses’ attempts to obtain supports in helping psychosexual problems of gynecologic cancer patients, nurses’ needs to the implementation of psychosexual services for gynecologic cancer patients. Psychosexual services for gynecologic cancer patients can be improved by the presence of sexual issues discussion with gynecologic cancer patients. Nurses are expected to do a psychosexual assessment in providing nursing care to gynecologic cancer patients.;Nurses play an important role in providing nursing care as well as assisting gynecologic cancer patients for 24 hours. In fact, not all nurses do a psychosexual assessment when providing nursing care in order to explore sexual problems related to the cancer therapy experienced by the patients. This study aimed to explore the experiences of nurses who work in oncology unit in discussing sexual issues with the patients and survivors of gynecologic cancer. Overall phenomenon obtained in this study was an overview of nurses’ experiences in discussing sexual issues with gynecologic cancer patients. This study applied a qualitative method with phenomenological design. The samples were ten participants. The results were analyzed using content analysis by concluding the participants’ statements to become the research themes. This study identified five main themes related to nurses’ experiences in discussing sexual issues with gynecologic cancer patients, including nurses’ perceptions of psychosexual services, the obstacles found by nurses when discussing sexual issues with gynecologic cancer patients, finding problems that interfere with sexuality in gynecologic cancer patients, nurses’ attempts to obtain supports in helping psychosexual problems of gynecologic cancer patients, nurses’ needs to the implementation of psychosexual services for gynecologic cancer patients. Psychosexual services for gynecologic cancer patients can be improved by the presence of sexual issues discussion with gynecologic cancer patients. Nurses are expected to do a psychosexual assessment in providing nursing care to gynecologic cancer patients., Nurses play an important role in providing nursing care as well as assisting gynecologic cancer patients for 24 hours. In fact, not all nurses do a psychosexual assessment when providing nursing care in order to explore sexual problems related to the cancer therapy experienced by the patients. This study aimed to explore the experiences of nurses who work in oncology unit in discussing sexual issues with the patients and survivors of gynecologic cancer. Overall phenomenon obtained in this study was an overview of nurses’ experiences in discussing sexual issues with gynecologic cancer patients. This study applied a qualitative method with phenomenological design. The samples were ten participants. The results were analyzed using content analysis by concluding the participants’ statements to become the research themes. This study identified five main themes related to nurses’ experiences in discussing sexual issues with gynecologic cancer patients, including nurses’ perceptions of psychosexual services, the obstacles found by nurses when discussing sexual issues with gynecologic cancer patients, finding problems that interfere with sexuality in gynecologic cancer patients, nurses’ attempts to obtain supports in helping psychosexual problems of gynecologic cancer patients, nurses’ needs to the implementation of psychosexual services for gynecologic cancer patients. Psychosexual services for gynecologic cancer patients can be improved by the presence of sexual issues discussion with gynecologic cancer patients. Nurses are expected to do a psychosexual assessment in providing nursing care to gynecologic cancer patients.]