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"Pencemaran udara ruang kelas terkait beberapa gangguan pernapasan pada anak usia sekolah. Stres oksidatif telah dilaporkan sebagai salah satu mekanisme penting dalam dampak kesehatan tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pajanan pencemar udara PM2.5 dan NO2 di lingkungan sekolah dan hubungannya dengan penanda stres oksidatif GSH dan MDA saliva siswa sekolah dasar. Pengukuran pajanan PM2.5 dan NO2 dilakukan di tiga sekolah dasar negeri Jakarta Barat serta pengambilan sampel saliva dari 76 siswa pada tiga sekolah tersebut untuk pengukuran penanda stres oksidatif GSH dan MDA. Data diolah secara statistik untuk menguji hubungan pajanan dan penanda stres oksidatif. Penelitian ini menemukan pajanan di ketiga sekolah yaitu PM2.5 ruang rata-rata 102,19 ± 86,91 μg/m3 dan median 81,50 μg/m3; PM2.5 lapangan rata-rata 82,31 ± 36,56 μg/m3 sedangkan rata-rata pajanan NO2 ruang kelas 90,37 ± 84,97 μg/m3; NO2 lapangan 116,83 ± 83,58 μg/m3. Sedangkan rata-rata konsentrasi penanda stres oksidatif GSH 0,70 ± 0,07 μg/mL dan MDA 1,63 ± 1,06 nmol/mL. Rata-rata konsentrasi GSH antara sekolah terpajan rendah dan tinggi tidak berbeda signifikan namun rata-rata konsentrasi MDA berbeda signifikan. Kenaikan PM2.5 ruang 1 μg/m³ maka konsentrasi GSH akan naik sebesar 0,001 μg/mL, kenaikan PM2.5 ruang 1 μg/m3 berhubungan dengan kenaikan GSH 0,003 μg/mL dan MDA 0,035 nmol/mL. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan terdapat hubungan antara konsentrasi GSH saliva dengan pajanan PM2.5 ruang dan lapangan, tidak ada hubungan antara konsentrasi MDA saliva dengan PM2.5 ruang namun berhubungan dengan PM2.5 lapangan. Tidak ada hubungan antara konsentrasi GSH dan MDA saliva dengan pajanan NO2.

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Classroom air pollution is associated with several respiratory disorders in school-age children. Oxidative stress has been reported as one of the important mechanisms in this health impact. This study aims to determine the exposure to air pollutants PM2.5 and NO2 in the school environment and their relationship with markers of oxidative stress GSH and MDA saliva of elementary school students. Measurements of PM2.5 and NO2 exposure were carried out in three public elementary schools in West Jakarta and saliva samples were taken from 76 students at these three schools to measure oxidative stress markers GSH and MDA. The data were statistically processed to examine the relationship between exposure and markers of oxidative stress. This study found that the exposures in the three schools were PM2.5 with an average of 102.19 ± 86.91 g/m3 and a median of 81.50 g/m3; PM2.5 in the field averaged 82.31 ± 36.56 g/m3 while the average NO2 exposure in the classroom was 90.37 ± 84.97 g/m3; NO2 field 116.83 ± 83.58 g/m3. Meanwhile, the average concentration of oxidative stress markers GSH was 0.70 ± 0.07 g/mL and MDA 1.63 ± 1.06 nmol/mL. The average GSH concentration between low and high exposed schools was not significantly different, but the average MDA concentration was significantly different. An increase in PM2.5 room 1 g/m then the concentration of GSH will increase by 0.001 g/mL, an increase in PM2.5 space 1 g/m3 is associated with an increase in GSH 0.003 g/mL and MDA 0.035 nmol/mL. This study concludes that there is a relationship between salivary GSH concentrations with room and field PM2.5 exposure, there is no relationship between salivary MDA concentration and room PM2.5 but it is associated with field PM2.5. There was no relationship between salivary GSH and MDA concentrations with NO2 exposure. "

"Latar Belakang: Cisplatin, agen kemoterapi pilihan untuk kanker ovarium, bersifat hepatotoksik dengan menginduksi stres oksidatif. Kurkumin adalah agonis jalur Nrf2/Keap1 yang penting dalam respons terhadap stres oksidatif, namun bioavailabilitasnya buruk. Pemberian kurkumin dalam bentuk nanopartikel meningkatkan bioavailabilitasnya dalam tubuh dan distribusinya ke organ target. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh nanopartikel kurkumin terhadap hepatotoksisitas cisplatin melalui modulasi jalur Nrf2/Keap1 dilihat dari kadar MDA dan ekspresi gen jalur Nrf2/Keap1. Metode: 25 ekor tikus Wistar betina dikelompokkan menjadi 5 kelompok yaitu kelompok normal, 4 kelompok model kanker ovarium yang diinduksi DMBA yang dibagi menjadi kelompok tanpa terapi, monoterapi cisplatin 4 mg/KgBB intraperitoneal, ko-kemoterapi cisplatin dan kurkumin konvensional 100 mg/KgBB per oral, serta ko-kemoterapi cisplatin dan nanopartikel kurkumin dalam kitosan 100mg/KgBB per oral selama 1 bulan. Tikus dikorbankan dan hepar disimpan beku. Pengukuran MDA dilakukan dengan metode spektrofotometri, sementara analisis gen jalur Nrf2/Keap1 dilakukan dengan prosedur qRT-PCR. Hasil: Uji parametrik ANOVA dan post-hoc Tukey menunjukkan adanya penurunan kadar MDA hepar secara bermakna antara kelompok ko-kemoterapi kurkumin konvensional dan ko-kemoterapi nanokurkumin dengan kelompok monoterapi cisplatin (p=0,000 dan p=0,005). Tidak ada perbedaan bermakna antarkelompok pada ekspresi relatif mRNA Keap1 (p=0,190). Tidak ada perbedaan bermakna antara kelompok ko-kemoterapi kurkumin konvensional dengan nanokurkumin terkait ekspresi relatif Nrf2 (p=0,990), HO-1 (p=0,513), dan NQO-1 (p=1,000). Kesimpulan: Pemberian kurkumin menurunkan kadar MDA jaringan hepar dibanding kelompok monoterapi cisplatin. Tidak ada perbedaan bermakna antara kurkumin konvensional dan nanokurkumin dalam melemahkan hepatotoksisitas cisplatin dilihat dari MDA dan ekspresi gen jalur Nrf2/Keap1.

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Introduction: Cisplatin induces hepatotoxicity by oxidative stress-related mechanism. Curcumin activates the Nrf2/Keap1 pathway, modulating cellular response to oxidative stress, but its bioavailability is poor. The administration of curcumin in nanoparticles may increase the bioavailability and distribution of curcumin into tissues. This research aimed to assess the attenuation of cisplatin- induced hepatotoxicity through the modulation of Nrf2/Keap1 pathway by nanocurcumin.

Methods: 25 female Wistar rats were divided into a normal group and four ovarian cancer models by DMBA induction (further classified into a no treatment group, cisplatin monotherapy [4 mg/KgBW i.p.], co-administration of cisplatin and conventional curcumin [100 mg/KgBW p.o.], and co-administration of cisplatin and curcumin-loaded chitosan nanoparticles [100mg/KgBW p.o.]) for a month. The livers of the sacrificed animals were frozen. MDA level was measured by spectrophotometry, while the analysis of Nrf2/Keap1 pathway was done using qRT-PCR.

Results: The ANOVA parametric test showed significant differences between groups in hepatic MDA level ((p<0,001). MDA level was markedly reduced in groups receiving conventional (p<0,001) and nanocurcumin (p=0,005), though there were no significant differences between the administration of conventional and nanocurcumin in MDA level (p=0,277). There were no significant differences between groups in Keap1 relative mRNA expression (p=0,190). No statistically significant differences were observed between groups receiving conventional curcumin and nanocurcumin in the relative gene expression Nrf2 (p=0,990), HO-1 (p=0,513), and NQO-1 (p=1,000) mRNAs.

Conclusion: Curcumin did attenuate cisplatin-induced hepatotoxicity, but no significant differences were observed in hepatic MDA level and relative expression of genes in the Nrf2/Keap1 pathway between conventional curcumin and nanocurcumin administration. "