Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"ABSTRAKKilang LNG Terapung (FLNG) merupakan salah satu solusi yang efektif untukmonetisasi lapangan stranded gas. Pemilihan teknologi dan kapasitas LNGoptimal yang disesuaikan dengan jumlah cadangan gas terbukti, dibutuhkan untukmenghasilkan Pendapatan Negara (GT) yang optimal. Selain itu, denganmempertimbangkan kebutuhan energi dalam negeri yang terus meningkat, makariset ini juga melakukan optimisasi untuk mendapatkan persentase alokasi LNGdan harga LNG untuk domestik. Perhitungan optimisasi pada riset inimenggunakan program Microsoft Excel Solver dengan metode GRG Non-Linier.Pada kasus pengembangan FLNG di Blok Masela, Laut Arafura, Maluku, danasumsi cadangan gas terbukti sebesar 6 TCF, didapatkan Teknologi LNG yangoptimal adalah Single Mixed Refrigerant (SMR) dengan kapasitas optimal sekitar3 MTPA, dan berpotensi menghasilkan Pendapatan Negara (GT) selama masaproduksi 30 tahun sebesar US$ 31,9 Milyar. Hasil ini didapat dengan asumsipersentase optimal LNG untuk domestik sebesar 25% dari bagian gas Kontraktor,dengan harga 50% dari harga ekspor. Upaya lebih lanjut untuk memaksimalkanPenerimaan Negara, sekaligus juga Penerimaan Kontraktor adalah denganmenetapkan harga LNG untuk domestik yang sama dengan harga ekspor. Selainitu, hasil estimasi Biaya Pencairan Gas untuk FLNG adalah sekitar US$ 4 –5/MMBTU.

---

ABSTRACTFloating LNG (FLNG) is one of the effective solutions for monetizing strandedgas field. The selection of the optimum technology and capacity of LNG adjustedby proven gas reserves is needed to optimize Government Take (GT). Moreover,with consider domestic energy consumption continues to increase, objective of theresearch is also to obtain optimum LNG allocation for domestic and its price. Theoptimization done by using the Microsoft Excel Solver program with GRG Non-Linear Method.In case of FLNG development in Masela Block, Arafura Sea, Maluku, withassumption of proven gas reserves is 6 TCF, it results the optimum LNGtechnology is Single Mixed Refrigerant (SMR) with optimum capacity isapproximately 3 MTPA, and it potentially generates Government Take (GT)during 30-year production period is US$ 31.9 billion. These results were obtainedwith the assumption that optimum percentage of LNG for domestic is 25% ofContractor’s gas portion with a domestic price of 50% of the export price. Furtherefforts to maximize Government Take, as well as the economics of LNG, is to setthe domestic price equal with the export price. In addition, the estimation resultsfor FLNG Liquefaction Cost is approximately US$ 4 - 5/MMBTU."

"Skripsi ini membahas mengenai sejauh apa negara pantai dapat menerapakan yurisdiksinya terhadap anjungan minyak lepas pantai yang terpancang di landas kontinennya. Penelitian ini berbentuk yuridis-normatif dengan desain deskriptif analitis, yang bertujuan untuk pemahaman lebih lanjut mengenai konsep yurisdiksi negara pantai terhadap anjungan minyak lepas pantai secara komprehensif baik dalam the 1958 Geneva Convention on the Continental Shelf, the 1982 United Convention on the Law of the Sea, dan hukum nasional negara pantai. Berdasarkan analisis yang telah dilakukan dalam kasus Arctic Sunrise (Kingdom of the Netherlands v. Russian Federation), negara pantai dalam menerapkan yurisdiksi pada anjungan minyak lepas pantai di landas kontinennya, tidak dapat diberlakukan sepenuhnya karena sudah berbatasan dengan rezim hukum laut lain yaitu rezim hukum laut lepas.

---

The focus of this study is about the extent to which a coastal state may exercise its jurisdiction to offshore oil platforms which fixed on its continental shelf. This normative juridical with analytical descriptive, is aim for the further understanding of the concept of jurisdiction of coastal states to offshore oil platforms comprehensively which regulated in the 1958 Geneva Convention on the Continental Shelf, the 1982 United Convention on the Law of the Sea and the national law of the coastal State. Based on the analysis that has been done in the case of the Arctic Sunrise (the Kingdom of the Netherlands v. Russian Federation), a coastal state in the exercise of its jurisdiction to offshore oil platforms on the continental shelf, can not be fully enforced because it is bordered by the other legal regime of the sea, which is high sea."

"Fokus pada penelitian ini adalah melakukan kajian tekno-ekonomi sistem purifikasi minyaktransformer untuk industri migas lepas pantai. Tantangan yang dihadapi adalah merancangsebuah desain sistem purifikasi yang cocok untuk area operasi yang terbatas, tidakmengganggu operasi (secara online), dan dilakukan tanpa keluar dari pipa / sistemtransformer sesuai dengan regulasi yang berlaku (closed loop). Metodologi yang digunakanpada penelitian ini adalah menggunakan studi literatur penelitian-penelitian sebelumnya,penelusuran pasar, dan data kontrak yang berlaku di industri migas Indonesia. Kajiandiawali dengan melakukan review metode purifikasi yang dapat dilakukan secara onlinedan closed loop terhadap lima (5) metode antara lain: sedimentasi alami, filtrasi, adsorpsi,degassing & dehydration¸dan penambahan zat aditif. Metode-metode purifikasi yangmemenuhi syarat online dan closed loop (yaitu filtrasi, adsorpsi, dan degassing &dehydration) kemudian dikombinasikan menjadi tiga (3) sistem purifikasi dan dievaluasikesesuaiannya terhadap kontaminan. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa sistem purifikasiyang cocok untuk industri hulu migas lepas pantai Indonesia adalah kombinasi metodefiltrasi (pre-filter dan filter primer) – degassing & dehydration – filtrasi sekunder denganflow rate 10 liter per menit. Sistem yang paling sesuai adalah yang terdiri dari proses prefilterdan filtrasi primer yang memiliki kemampuan penyaringan partikel hinnga 50 mikrondan penurunan tekanan 0,01 MPa, dilanjutkan proses degassing & dehydration beroperasipada tekanan vakum -0,08 MPa gauge dan suhu 65 0C, dan diakhiri dengan filtrasi sekunderdengan spesifikasi filter sama dengan filtrasi pertama. Investasi sistem purifikasi ini cukupmurah dan ekonomis dengan biaya kapital Rp107.305.658,50, nilai IRR 43,33%, NPVRp340.315.914,00, dan payback period selama 2,47 tahun.

---

The focus of this research is to conduct techno-economic analysis for investment on

purification system of transformer oil in offshore oil and gas industry. The challenges of the

purification system are the design shall be appropriate for limited space area, no production

disruption (works online), and conducted without discharging from the pipe / transformer

system in accordance with regulations (closed loop). The methodology of this research is

conducting literature study and review to previous researches, market assessment, and

existing contract data which applied in oil & gas industri of Indonesia. The study begins

with a review to purification methods which can be conducted online and closed looply into

five (5) methods which are: natural sedimentation, filtration, adsorption, degassing &

dehydration¸ and the additives. Purification methods that meet the online and closed loop

requirements (which are filtration, adsorption, and degassing & dehydration) are then

combined into three (3) purification systems and evaluated for their contaminant suitability.

This research conclude that the most appropriate purification system is the combination of

filtration (pre-filter & primary filter) – degassing & dehydration – filtration methods with

flow rate 10 liters per minute. The most appropriate system is consisting of pre-filter and

primary filtration process which can filter the partikel up to 50 microns with drop pressure

0.01 MPa, followed by degassing & dehydration process which operated at pressure -0.08

MPa gauge and temperature 65 0C, and finalized by secondary filtration process with the

same specification with primary filter. The purification system investment is quite cheap

and economical with capital expenditure Rp107.305.658,50, IRR value 43,33%, NPV

Rp340.315.914,00, and payback period 2,47 years."

"Perkembangan teknologi bidang kelautan semakin pesat seiring dengan kebutuhan zaman. Aktivitas eksploitasi sektor migas sudah merambah pada wilayah Deep Water sampai Ultra Deep Water. Namun pada realitasnya Indonesia belum mampu berperan aktif dalam pengembangan teknologi Mobile Offshore Platform Unit yang biasa digunakan untuk eksploitasi migas pada wilayah diatas. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari jenis anjungan yang digunakan pada eksploitasi migas lepas pantai masih banyak menggunakan struktur fixed platform dan lokasi eksploitasi masih terbatas pada wilayah perairan dangkal. Padahal Indonesia memiliki luas wilayah laut yang cukup besar, penggarapan cadangan migas pada wilayah perairan laut dalam harus mulai dilakukan, seperti di perairan Laut Arafura blok Masela yang diprediksi memiliki potensi gas alam hingga 20 tcf (trilion cubic feet) dan cadangan minyak bumi sebesar 24,36 mmstb (million stock tank barrels). Pada penelitian ini dilakukan studi kasus perancangan sebuah anjungan semi-submersible yang berfungsi sebagai Production Platform Unit yang digunakan pada eksploitasi migas di blok Masela, Laut Arafura. Rancangan tersebut dilengkapi dengan sistem pemosisian dinamik (dynamic positioning system) yang diuji pada skala model. Hasil dari eksperimen pada model uji tersebut digunakan untuk mengetahui tingkat akurasi dari penerapan sistem kontrol posisi Inertial Measurement Unit dan sensor ultrasonik terhadap beban lingkungan.

---

Technology development in marine sector has a rapid development in line with the needs of the era. The exploitation activity of oil and gas sector has been expanded to the deep sea area until ultra deep sea area. Whereas in reality, Indonesia is unable to contribute actively in the technology development of Mobile Offshore Platform Unit which used for oil and gas exploitation in those area. It can be seen on the fact that the exploitation of offshore oil and gas still use fixed structure and the location of platform exploitation still limited to the shallow water areas. While Indonesia has a large sea area, the cultivation of oil and gas reserves in the sea area should begin to planned carefully, as in the Arafura Sea Masela block which was predicted have potential of natural gas reach out 20 tcf (trilion cubic feet), the petroleum reserves by 24, 36 MMSTB (million stock tank barrels). In this study, there is a study case of semi-submersible rig design that serves as a Production Platform unit used in oil and gas exploitation in the Masela Block, the Arafura Sea. The design is completed with a dynamic positioning system (DPS) which has been tested at scale models. Results of experiments on the test model is used to determine the accuracy of the application of a simple position control system that is using The Measurement Inertial Unit and ultrasonic sensors on the environment resistance."

"Pengelolaan minyak dan gas bumi di Indonesia telah diatur dalam pasal 33 ayat (3) Undang-Undang Dasar 1945. Dalam pengaturan tersebut terdapat konsepsi penting terkait pengelolaan minyak dan gas bumi yaitu konsep ?hak menguasai negara?. Pada perjalanan sejarah peraturan perundang-undangan yang mengatur pengelolaan minyak dan gas bumi sejak awal Indonesia merdeka dan hingga kini, konsepsi ini masih selalu menjadi perdebatan. Hingga akhirnya terjadi judicial review yang diajukan ke Mahkamah Konstitusi terhadap UU No. 22 tahun 2001. Putusan Mahakamah Konstitusi yang tertuang pada putusan Nomor 36/PUU-X/2012 memiliki ekses besar dengan dibubarkannya BP Migas sebagai badan pelaksana pengelolaan sektor hulu migas Indonesia. Oleh karena itu akhirnya melalui Peraturan Presiden No. 9 tahun 2013 dibentuklah SKK Migas untuk menggantikan peran dari BP Migas. Dalam Perpres No. 9 tahun 2013 ini kemudian akan terlihat implementasi pasal 33 ayat (3) UUD 1945 pada tugas dan kewenangan SKK Migas sebagai pelaksana pengelolaan sektor hulu migas di Indonesia terutama terkait konsepsi hak pengusaan oleh negara.

---

Management of oil and gas in Indonesia is regulated in Article 33 paragraph (3) of the Constitution of 1945. In these regulation, there is an important concept related to the management of oil and gas specifically the concept of "right of control by the state". In the history of legislation governing the management of oil and gas since the beginning of Indonesia's independence, and until now, this concept is still always a debate. Until finally happened judicial review filed with the Constitutional Court against the Law No. 22/2001 contained in the Constitutional Court decision No. 36/PUU-X/2012 have large excesses with the dissolution of BP Migas as the executing agency management of upstream oil and gas sector in Indonesia. Therefore finally through Presidential Regulation. No. 9/2013, SKK MiGas was formed to replace the role of BP Migas. In Perpres. 9/2013 will then be visible implementation of Article 33 paragraph (3) of the 1945 Constitution on the duties and authority of the executive management of oil and gas SKK upstream oil and gas sector in Indonesia is mainly related to ?right of control by the state."

"Offshore safety management, second edition provides an experienced engineer's perspective on the new Safety and environmental system (SEMS) regulations for offshore oil and gas drilling, how they compare to prior regulations, and how to implement the new standards seamlessly and efficiently. The second edition is greatly expanded, with increased coverage of technical areas such as engineering standards and drilling, and procedural areas such as safety cases and formal safety assessments. The new material both complements the SEMS coverage and increases the book's relevance to a global audience.Following the explosion, fire, and sinking of the Deepwater Horizon floating drilling rig in April 2010, the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Regulations, and Enforcement (BOEMRE) issued many new regulations. One of them was the Safety and Environmental System rule, which is based on the American Petroleum Institute's SEMP recommended practice, finalized in April 2013.Author Ian Sutton explains the SEMS rule, and describes what must be done to achieve compliance. Each of the twelve elements of the SEMS rule (such as Management of change and safe work practices) is described in the book, and guidance is provided on how to meet BOEMRE requirements."