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Abstrak :
Permasalahan gizi di Indonesia dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor dan Indonesia masih belum sepenuhnya mencapai target MDGs mengenai gizi ini. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara faktor sosiodemografi dan pola makan dengan status gizi, dimana data didapat dari pengambilan langsung dan data sekunder dari penelitian utama tentang efek suplementasi multipel terhadap kadar hemoglobin anak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat 26.32% subjek tergolong status gizi tidak normal (sangat kurus, kurus, dan gemuk; berdasarkan indeks BB/TB). Sebaran karakteristik subjek berdasarkan faktor sosiodemografi adalah sebagai berikut: 65.79% berusia 6-36 bulan; 50.53% adalah perempuan; 67.89% memiliki ayah dengan pekerjaan nonformal; 74.74% memiliki ayah dengan tingkat pendidikan menengah; 60.53% memiliki ibu dengan tingkat pendidikan menengah; 76.84% memiliki keluarga dengan status ekonomi dibawah garis kemiskinan; dan 66.84% tinggal di rumah dengan bentuk keluarga inti. Selain itu didapatkan 64.21% memiliki pola makan tidak baik. Berdasarkan uji hipotesis yang dilakukan dengan Uji Chi Square tidak ditemukan hubungan yang bermakna antara semua variabel faktor sosiodemografi dan pola makan dengan status gizi (p>0.05). ......Nutritional problem in Indonesia is affected by multifactorial causes and Indonesia is still not fully achieve the MDGs targets on this point. This research was determined to confirm the association between sociodemographic factors and dietary habit to nutritional status in children aged six to sixty months old using the primary (direct interview) and secondary data from a primary research which studied the effect of multiple micronutrient supplementation on haemoglobin level in children. The result shows that prevalence of bad nutritional status was 26.32% (including underweight and overweight). Characteristics of subjects by sociodemographic factors namely: 65.79% aged 6-36 months old; 50.53% were female; 67.89% had father with informal jobs; 74.74% had father with intermediate education; 60.53% had mother with intermediate education; 76.84% had family that below the poverty line; and 66.84% classified as small family. Then, characteristic of subjects by dietary habit was 64.21% had bad dietary habit. Based on analysis using Chi Square test, there were no significant association between all sociodemographic factors and dietary habit to nutritional status (p>0.05).

Abstrak :
Kecukupan energi maupun protein tergolong kurang dapat memberikan dampak yang merugikan bagi tumbuh kembang, status gizi, perilaku makan yang terbentuk, dan kesehatan dari siswa sekolah dasar. Kecukupan energi dan protein seorang anak dapat dipengaruhi oleh konsumsi, pengetahuan gizi, dan sosial ekonomi keluarga. Untuk melihat perbedaan proporsi kecukupan energi dan protein berdasarkan faktor tersebut, dilakukan penelitian studi cross-sectional dengan menggunakan data sekunder tahun 2018. Penelitian melibatkan 92 siswa/i SD X Jakarta Timur. Ditemukan proporsi kecukupan energi dan protein tergolong kurang secara berurutan sebesar 58,7% dan 55,4%. Hasil analisis dengan chi-square menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan proporsi kecukupan energi maupun protein berdasarkan faktor konsumsi, yaitu keragaman konsumsi pangan (p­-value=0,013 dan p-value=0,014), frekuensi konsumsi makanan utama (p­-value=0,003 dan p-value=0,000), dan konsumsi makanan utama pagi (p-value=0,007 dan p-value=0,000). Meskipun tidak ditemukan perbedaan proporsi, kecenderungan proporsi kecukupan energi dan protein masih ditemukan berdasarkan frekuensi jajan dan uang jajan. Penelitian juga menemukan sedikit kecenderungan proporsi kecukupan protein berdasarkan pengetahuan gizi. Dengan begitu, konsumsi (keragaman konsumsi pangan, frekuensi konsumsi makanan utama, konsumsi makanan utama pagi, frekuensi jajan), pengetahuan gizi, dan sosial ekonomi keluarga (uang jajan) merupakan faktor penting yang perlu dipertimbangkan dalam upaya mengoptimalkan kecukupan energi dan protein siswa/i.

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Energy and protein inadequacy are capable of giving adverse impacts on primary schoolers’ growth and development, nutritional status, formed eating behavior, and health. Energy and protein adequacy themselves may influenced by consumption, nutritional knowledge, and family’s socioeconomic status. In order to assess the differences of energy and protein adequacy proportion based on those factors, a cross-sectional study using 2018 secondary data analysis was conducted. This study involved 92 SD X Jakarta Timur students. There were 58,7% and 55,4% students with energy and protein inadequacy. The result of chi-square analysis indicated that there were differences of energy and protein adequacy proportion based on consumption, those are food diversity (p-value=0,013 and p-value=0,014), meal frequency (p-value=0,003 and p-value=0,000), and morning meal consumption (p-value=0,007 and p-value=0,000). Even though no proportion differences found, the tendencies of energy and protein adequacy proportion based on snacking frequency and students’ allowance were still found in this study. This study also discovered a slight tendency of protein adequacy proportion based on nutrition knowledge. Therefore, consumption (food diversity, meal frequency, morning meal consumption, snacking frequency), nutrition knowledge, and family’s socioeconomic status (students’ allowance) are essential factors that need to be considered in order to improve students’ energy and protein adequacy.