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Abstrak :
Kecukupan energi maupun protein tergolong kurang dapat memberikan dampak yang merugikan bagi tumbuh kembang, status gizi, perilaku makan yang terbentuk, dan kesehatan dari siswa sekolah dasar. Kecukupan energi dan protein seorang anak dapat dipengaruhi oleh konsumsi, pengetahuan gizi, dan sosial ekonomi keluarga. Untuk melihat perbedaan proporsi kecukupan energi dan protein berdasarkan faktor tersebut, dilakukan penelitian studi cross-sectional dengan menggunakan data sekunder tahun 2018. Penelitian melibatkan 92 siswa/i SD X Jakarta Timur. Ditemukan proporsi kecukupan energi dan protein tergolong kurang secara berurutan sebesar 58,7% dan 55,4%. Hasil analisis dengan chi-square menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan proporsi kecukupan energi maupun protein berdasarkan faktor konsumsi, yaitu keragaman konsumsi pangan (p­-value=0,013 dan p-value=0,014), frekuensi konsumsi makanan utama (p­-value=0,003 dan p-value=0,000), dan konsumsi makanan utama pagi (p-value=0,007 dan p-value=0,000). Meskipun tidak ditemukan perbedaan proporsi, kecenderungan proporsi kecukupan energi dan protein masih ditemukan berdasarkan frekuensi jajan dan uang jajan. Penelitian juga menemukan sedikit kecenderungan proporsi kecukupan protein berdasarkan pengetahuan gizi. Dengan begitu, konsumsi (keragaman konsumsi pangan, frekuensi konsumsi makanan utama, konsumsi makanan utama pagi, frekuensi jajan), pengetahuan gizi, dan sosial ekonomi keluarga (uang jajan) merupakan faktor penting yang perlu dipertimbangkan dalam upaya mengoptimalkan kecukupan energi dan protein siswa/i.

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Energy and protein inadequacy are capable of giving adverse impacts on primary schoolers’ growth and development, nutritional status, formed eating behavior, and health. Energy and protein adequacy themselves may influenced by consumption, nutritional knowledge, and family’s socioeconomic status. In order to assess the differences of energy and protein adequacy proportion based on those factors, a cross-sectional study using 2018 secondary data analysis was conducted. This study involved 92 SD X Jakarta Timur students. There were 58,7% and 55,4% students with energy and protein inadequacy. The result of chi-square analysis indicated that there were differences of energy and protein adequacy proportion based on consumption, those are food diversity (p-value=0,013 and p-value=0,014), meal frequency (p-value=0,003 and p-value=0,000), and morning meal consumption (p-value=0,007 and p-value=0,000). Even though no proportion differences found, the tendencies of energy and protein adequacy proportion based on snacking frequency and students’ allowance were still found in this study. This study also discovered a slight tendency of protein adequacy proportion based on nutrition knowledge. Therefore, consumption (food diversity, meal frequency, morning meal consumption, snacking frequency), nutrition knowledge, and family’s socioeconomic status (students’ allowance) are essential factors that need to be considered in order to improve students’ energy and protein adequacy.

Abstrak :
Masalah anak pendek (stunting) merupakan salah satu permasalahan gizi yang dihadapi di dunia, khususnya di negara-negara miskin dan berkembang. Stunting menjadi permasalahan karena berhubungan dengan meningkatnya risiko terjadinya kesakitan dan kematian, perkembangan otak suboptimal hingga perkembangan motorik terlambat dan terhambatnya pertumbuhan mental. Stunting merupakan bentuk kegagalan pertumbuhan (growth faltering) akibat akumulasi ketidakcukupan nutrisi yang berlangsung lama mulai dari kehamilan sampai usia 24 bulan. Keadaan ini diperparah dengan tidak terimbanginya kejar tumbuh yang memadai. Di Indonesia, berdasarkan Riskesdas 2018 menunjukkan penderita anak stunting sebesar 30,8%. Pengukuran panjang dan berat badan anak menjadi hal yang sangat penting untuk mengetahui kondisi normal atau tidak normal dengan memperhitungkan status gizi dan nilai Z-score. Selama ini pengukuran dilakukan secara manual. Penelitian ini membahas desain instrumentasi berbasis mikrokontroler Arduino dengan menggunakan sensor ultrasonik dan loadcell. Data dari sensor kemudian diolah pada mikrokontroler, hasilnya dapat ditampilkan pada LCD atau smartphone melalui konektivitas bluetooth. Pengujian sensor ultrasonik sebagai detektor panjang badan anak dengan nilai regresi 0,9999 menunjukkan pemasangan ideal pada ketinggian 23 cm dari permukaan pad. Pengujian sensor loadcell sebagai detektor berat badan menghasilkan nilai regresi = 1 dengan faktor kalibrasi 212. Pengujian fungsionalitas GUI smartphone menunjukkan seluruh hasilnya 100% akurat sama dengan mode LCD menampilkan status gizi dan nilai Z-score anak yang diukur. Hasil pengujian dan kalibrasi instrumen yang dirancang, dinyatakan LAIK PAKAI oleh laboratorium kalibrasi. ......The problem of short children (stunting) is one of the nutritional problems faced in the world, especially in poor and developing countries. Stunting is a problem that is associated with an increased risk of morbidity and death, suboptimal brain till late motor development and inhibited mental growth. Stunting is a condition of growth faltering due to accumulation of nutrient insufficiency from pregnancy to 24 months of age. This situation is worse by not balanced catch up growth. In Indonesia, based on Riskesdas there was 30.8% stunted children in 2018. Measurement of children's length and weight are very important to determine normal or abnormal conditions by calculating nutritional status and Z-score. So far, the measurement is done manually. This thesis discusses the design of instrumentation base on Arduino microcontroller using ultrasonic and loadcell sensors. Data from sensors then processed in the microcontroller, the results can be displayed on the LCD or smartphone via bluetooth. Validation of ultrasonic sensor as body length detector has an ideal installation at height of 23 cm from the pad's surface shows regression value of 0.9999. Validation of loadcell sensor as body weight detector shows regression value = 1 with a calibration factor of 212. Functionallity testing of GUI smartphone shows all nutritional status and Z-score of the measured child are 100% accurate same as LCD mode. Testing and calibration results for designed instrument is expressed FEASIBILITY WEAR by calibration laboratory.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Latar Belakang. Dengan meningkatnya jumlah populasi usia lanjut, masalah kesehatan yang dialami juga semakin banyak, salah satunya malnutrisi. Studi di luar negeri menunjukkan malnutrisi pada pasien geriatri yang dirawat di rumah sakit menurunkan kesintasan. Pasien usia lanjut di Indonesia mempunyai karakteristik yang berbeda dengan pasien usia lanjut di luar negeri. Di Indonesia belum ada studi tentang status nutrisi pasien usia lanjut yang dirawat di rumah sakit dan pengaruhnya terhadap kesintasan.

Tujuan. Mengetahui pengaruh status nutrisi terhadap kesintasan 30 hari pasien usia lanjut yang dirawat di ruang rawat akut geriatri dan ruang rawat penyakit dalam rumah sakit.

Metodologi. Penelitian kohort retrospektif, dengan pendekatan analisis kesintasan, dilakukan terhadap 177 pasien geriatri yang dirawat di ruang rawat akut geriatri dan ruang rawat penyakit dalam Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo selama bulan April–September 2011. Data demografis, diagnosis medis, kadar albumin, indeks ADL Barthel, geriatric depression scale, status nutrisi dengan mini nutritional assessment (MNA) dikumpulkan, dan diamati selama 30 hari sejak mulai dirawat untuk melihat ada tidaknya mortalitas. Perbedaan kesintasan kelompok pasien dengan status nutrisi baik, berisiko malnutrisi dan malnutrisi ditampilkan dalam kurva Kaplan-Meier, diuji dengan uji Log-rank, serta analisis multivariat dengan Cox proportional hazard regression model untuk menghitung adjusted Hazard Ratio dan interval kepercayaan 95% terjadinya mortalitas 30 hari dengan memasukkan variabel-variabel perancu sebagai kovariat.

Hasil. Kesintasan antara subyek yang status nutrisinya baik, berisiko malnutrisi dan malnutrisi ialah 94,7% dengan 89,0% dan 80,7%, namun perbedaan kesintasan 30 hari tak bermakna dengan uji Log-rank (p=0,106). Pada analisis multivariat didapatkan adjusted HR setelah penambahan variabel perancu sebesar 1,49 (IK 95% 0,29 – 7,77) untuk kelompok berisiko malnutrisi dan 2,65 (IK 95% 0,47 – 14,99) untuk kelompok malnutrisi dibandingkan dengan pasien nutrisi baik

Simpulan. Perbedaan kesintasan 30 hari pasien geriatri yang dirawat di rumah sakit yang menderita malnutrisi dan berisiko malnutrisi dibandingkan dengan status nutrisi baik pada awal perawatan belum dapat dibuktikan.

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ABSTRACT
Background. Increasing number of older population will also increased its health problems. Studies in foreign countries shown that poor nutrition worsen survival of geriatrics admitted to hospitals. Geriatric patients in Indonesia have different physical, psychological, social economic and cultural characteristics. There has been no study in Indonesia on role of nutritional status on survival in hospitalized geriatric patients.

Objective. Investigating the impact of nutritional status on 30 days survival of geriatric patients hospitalized in geriatric and internal medicine ward

Methods. Retrospective cohort study and survival analysis approach was conducted to 177 geriatric patients hospitalized in geriatric and internal medicine ward of Cipto Mangunkusumo from April – September 2011. Demographic data, albumin level, ADL Barthel, geriatric depression scale, nutritional status according to mini nutritional assessment (MNA) were collected. Patients were observed during 30 days since hospitalized. Difference in survival is shown in Kaplan-meier curve dan difference in survival between groups were tested with Log-rank test, and multivariate analysis with Cox proportional hazard regression to calculate adjusted HR of mortality and confounding variables as covariates.

Results. The survival of well nourished, in risk of malnutrition and malnourished group was 94,7%, 89,0% and 80,7%, but non significant with Log-rank test (p=0,106). After multivariate analysis (Cox proportional hazard regression model), the adjusted HR was 1.49 (CI 95% 0.29 – 7.77) for group in risk of malnutrition and 2.65 (CI 95% 0.47 – 14.99) for malnourished group compared to well-nourished group

Conclusion. Thirty days survival difference of hospitalized geriatrics with malnutrition and in risk of malnutrition compared to well-nourished have not been proved.

Abstrak :
Tesis ini mengkaji hubungan intensi ibu terhadap asupan dan status gizi anak di dua sekolah dengan status sosial menengah ke atas dan ke bawah. Tujuannya untuk mengetahui gambaran faktor-faktor pembentuk intensi dan tingkah laku serta hubungannya dengan asupan dan status gizi anak. Faktor-faktor itu terdiri atas sikap, norma subjektif, perceived behavioral control (PBC). Asupan gizi mencakup asupan energi, protein, frekuensi konsumsi buah dan sayur. Status gizi anak diukur menggunakan indikator indeks antropometri TB/U dan BB/U. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan desain studi cros sectional. Responden penelitian terdiri atas 67 orang, mencakup 33 orang dari sekolah X dan 34 orang dari sekolah Y. Data dianalisis menggunakan teknik korelasi Spearman Rank Order dan uji perbedaan menggunakan teknik Mann-Whitney. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak ada hubungan yang bermakna antara sikap, norma subyektif, dan intensi ibu dengan asupan dan status gizi, tetapi ada korelasi positif antara PBC dan asupan energi anak. Hasil juga menunjukkan bahwa intensi ibu dari Sekolah Y lebih tinggi dari ibu di Sekolah X. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa ibu yang memiliki intensi memberi makanan sehat lebih tinggi memiliki kecenderungan memberikan makanan sehat yang lebih tinggi daripada ibu yang memiliki intensi memberi makanan sehat yang lebih rendah. Peneliti menyarankan untuk meningkatkan persepsi kontrol pada para ibu untuk memberi makanan sehat melalui peningkatan self-efficacy, mengembangkan strategi penyediaan bahan mentah, dan meningkatkan keterampilan memasak. ......This thesis examines the relationship among mother’s behavioral intention, child food intake and nutritional status children in two schools in South Jakarta, using the theory of planned behavior approach. The goal is to describe the factors forming intentions and behavior and its relationship with the nutritional status of children. These factors consist of attitude, subjective norm, PBC. Food Intake includes intake of energy, protein, frequency of consumption of fruits and vegetables. Nutritional status was measured using anthropometric indicators of HFA and WFA. This study used quantitative methods with cross sectional study design. The respondents consisted of 67 people, including 33 people from school X and 34 people from school Y. Data were analyzed using Spearman's Rank Order Correlation technique and mean difference test using the Mann-Whitney technique. The results showed no significant relationship between attitudes, subjective norms, and intentions to food intake and nutritional status of children, but there is a positive correlation between perceived behavioral control and children’s intake of energy. The results also indicate that mother’s behavioral intention of the Preschool Y is higher than mother’s behavioral intention of the Preschool X. Results showed that mothers who have higher intention of giving healthy food has a higher tendency to give healthy foods than mothers who have lower intention. Researchers suggest to improve mother’s perception of control on providing healthy food through increased self-efficacy, modeling, developing strategies to supply raw material food, and improve their cooking skills.

Abstrak :
[ABSTRAK
Masalah gizi kurang balita merupakan masalah aktual di wilayah Puskesmas Sentolo 1, Yogyakarta. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi status gizi balita. Penelitian ini menggunakan cross sectional, sampel balita 12-59 bulan sebanyak 155 orang. Data diperoleh melalui kuesioner, status gizi diukur dengan indeks Berat Badan/Umur. Hasil menunjukkan terdapat hubungan bermakna antara usia balita, riwayat pemberian ASI, asupan makanan, persepsi ibu, pola pengasuhan dengan status gizi balita. Faktor dominan yang mempengaruhi status gizi adalah asupan makanan. Diperlukan peran perawat komunitas dalam edukasi, pemberdayaan, dan kerjasama untuk meningkatkan status gizi balita.

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ABSTRACT
Undernutrition in under five years old children is still a problem in Sentolo 1 Public Health Center, Yogyakarta. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors related nutritional status in children under five years. Cross sectional study was conducted to 155 children under five years old. Nutritional status was assessed using anthropometric measurement. There were significantly relationships between child?s age, exclusife breastfeeding, child?s dietary intake, caregivers? practice and mother?s perception and child?s nutritional status. Child?s dietary intake was the most factor that significantly correlated. These findings indicate that the roles of community nurses are needed to improve children nutritional status by utilizing education, empowerment and partnership;Undernutrition in under five years old children is still a problem in Sentolo 1 Public Health Center, Yogyakarta. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors related nutritional status in children under five years. Cross sectional study was conducted to 155 children under five years old. Nutritional status was assessed using anthropometric measurement. There were significantly relationships between child?s age, exclusife breastfeeding, child?s dietary intake, caregivers? practice and mother?s perception and child?s nutritional status. Child?s dietary intake was the most factor that significantly correlated. These findings indicate that the roles of community nurses are needed to improve children nutritional status by utilizing education, empowerment and partnership, Undernutrition in under five years old children is still a problem in Sentolo 1 Public Health Center, Yogyakarta. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors related nutritional status in children under five years. Cross sectional study was conducted to 155 children under five years old. Nutritional status was assessed using anthropometric measurement. There were significantly relationships between child’s age, exclusife breastfeeding, child’s dietary intake, caregivers’ practice and mother’s perception and child’s nutritional status. Child’s dietary intake was the most factor that significantly correlated. These findings indicate that the roles of community nurses are needed to improve children nutritional status by utilizing education, empowerment and partnership]

Abstrak :
Perubahan musim memiliki dampak serius pada kualitas makanan. Oleh karena itu, kami menginvestigasi hubungan antara skor healthy eating index HEI dan status gizi pada wanita usia subur di dua musim di daerah pedesaan, Kabupaten Buol. Studi longitudinal dilakukan pada musim panen dan musim non-panen. Semua wanita n=153 di musim non-panen dan 98 wanita n=150 di musim panen termasuk dalam kategori poor diet. Total skor HEI lebih tinggi secara signifikan pada musim panen dibandingkan musim non-panen p=0.026 . Ada hubungan positif antara skor HEI dengan indeks massa tubuh ?=0.113, p=0.043 setelah dikontrol dengan musim dan karakteristik demografi. ......Seasonal change has serious impacts on diet quality. Therefore, we investigated the association between healthy eating index HEI score and nutritional status of reproductive aged women across two seasons in rural areas of Buol District. A longitudinal study was conducted in lean and harvest seasons. All women n 153 in lean season and 98 women n 150 in harvest season had poor diets HEI

Abstrak :
Keterkaitan penyakit paru dan nutrisi merupakan aspek penting perawatan pasien. Masalah nutrisi pasien Penyakit Pernafasan Obstruksi Kronis sangat komplek, kehilangan berat badan sebagai konsekuensi penurunan intake dan nafsu makan. Penelitian bertujuan mendapatkan gambaran faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi nafsu makan. Penelitian ini merupakan deskriptif analitik desain cross sectional dengan sampel 75 orang di RSUD Dr.M.Soewandhie Surabaya. Instrument menggunakan kuisioner karakteristik responden, observasi obat, dukungan keluarga dan nafsu makan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 65,3% dari 75 pasien PPOK memiliki nafsu makan kurang. Variabel dominan yang berhubungan dengan nafsu makan adalah dukungan keluarga, dimana pasien yang mempunyai dukungan keluarga kurang akan mempunyai nafsu makan kurang 3,44 kali. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, perlu dilakukan upaya meningkatkan dukungan keluarga melalui pendidikan kesehatan bagi keluarga dan konseling diit dalam pengelolaan nutrisi pada pasien PPOK. ......The relevance of lung disease and nutrition are important aspects of patient care. Patient's nutritional problems associated with Chronic Obstructive Respiratory Disease (COPD) are complex, loss weight as a consequence of decreased food intake and appetite. The research aimed to get an idea of the factors that affected appetite. The research was a descriptive analytic cross sectional design within 75 people as sample in Dr.M.Soewandhie Surabaya hospital. The instruments of respondent characteristics questionnaire, medication observed, family supported and appetite were used. This research concluded that 65,3% from 75 COPD patients had poor appetite. The determinant variable related to appetite was family support, the patient who had family support decreased would be have 3,44 times poor appetite. According to attain a certain aimed, increased of family support necessary passed through within health education and dietary counseling to nutritional maintenance in COPD patients.

Abstrak :
Di Indonesia masih ditemukan tradisi dan budaya seputar pantangan dan keharusan pasca persalinan. Salah satunya pantangan dan keharusan tentang perilaku konsumsi makanan oleh ibu nifas suku Banjar di propinsi Kalimantan Selatan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui 'hubungan antara faktor internal dan eksternal yang mempengaruhi perilaku ibu berpantang makanan selama masa nifas, dan hubungan perilaku berpantang makanan selama masa nifas dengan status gizi ibu di Banjarmasin'. Jenis penelitian analitik komparatif, dengan metode cross sectional. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya hubungan bermakna antara tingkat pendidikan (p = 0,000; OR = 0,035; 95 % CI: 0,004- 0,281), tipe keluarga (p = 0,000; OR = 0,011; 95 % CI: 0,001-0,092), pengetahuan ibu (p = 0,000; OR = 0,004; 95 % CI: 0,000-0,036), pengetahuan masyarakat (p = 0,000; OR = 0,029; 95 % CI: 0,006-0,145) dan sikap masyarakat (p = 0,000; OR = 0,025; 95 % CI: 0,003-0,204) dengan perilaku ibu berpantang makanan selama masa nifas dan adanya hubungan yang bermakna antara perilaku berpantang makanan selama masa nifas dengan status gizi ibu (p = 0,000; α= 0,05; OR= 46,75; 95 % CI: 9,04 - 241,7). ......In Indonesia, still found in the traditions and culture surrounding the taboo and mandatory post-delivery. One of these restrictions and the necessity of food consumption behavior by postpartum mothers tribe Banjar in South Kalimantan province. The purpose of this study to find out "the relationship between internal and external factors that affect maternal behavior during parturition food abstinence, and abstinence from food related behavior during postpartum with the nutritional status of mothers in Banjarmasin." Kind of a comparative analytical study, with cross sectional method. The results showed a significant correlation between level of education (p = 0,000; OR = 0,035; 95 % CI: 0,004 to 0,281), family type (p = 0,000; OR = 0,011; 95 % CI: 0,001 to 0,092), maternal knowledge (p = 0.000, OR = 0.004; 95% CI: 0.000 to 0.036), the knowledge society (p = 0.000, OR = 0.029; 95% CI: 0.006 to 0.145) and social attitude (p = 0.000, OR = 0.025; 95% CI: 0.003 to 0.204) with maternal behavior during the post partum abstinence from food and there were significant relations between the behavior during the post partum abstinence, food with nutritional status of mothers (p = 0.000, α= 0.05, OR = 46.75; 95% CI : 9.04 to 241.7)

Abstrak :
status gizi yang baik dapat membantu proses pertumbuhan dan perkembangan anak untuk mencapai kematangan yang optimal. status gizi merupakan indikator ketiga dalam menentukan derajat kesehatan anak. tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui hubungan antara Optimal nutrition (pemberian ASI Eksklusif 6 bulan, pemberian ASI sampai 2 tahun dan pemberian MP-ASI), Optimal Environment (kebiasaan mencuci tangan, tidak ada kontaminasi dari lingkungan dan kebiasaan merokok) dan Optimal Health Care (imunisasi lengkap sesuai jadwal dan pelayanan pediatrik sesuai pada saat sakit ke pelayanan kesehatan) dengan status gizi balita 0-59 bulan menggunakan data riskesdas 2007. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya hubungan antara indikator BB/U dengan Optimal Nutrition (pemberian ASI Eksklusif 6 bulan, pemberian ASI sampai 2 tahun dan pemberian MP-ASI) dan Optimal Environment (kebiasaan mencuci tangan, tidak ada kontaminasi dari lingkungan dan kebiasaan merokok), indikator TB/U dengan Optimal Nutrition (pemberian ASI Eksklusif, pemberian ASI sampai 2 tahun dan pemberian MPASI) dan Optimal Environment (kebiasaan mencuci tangan, tidak ada kontaminasi dari lingkungan dan kebiasaan merokok), indikator BB/TB dengan Optimal Nutrition (pemberian ASI Eksklusif 6 bulan, pemberian ASI sampai 2 tahun dan pemberian MPASI), Optimal Environment (kebiasan mencuci tangan, tidak ada kontaminasi dari lingkungan dan kebiasaan merokok. ......A good nutritional status can help the process of growth and development of children to achieve optimal maturity. nutritional status is the third indicator in determining the health status of children. research purposes to determine the relationship between optimal nutrition (6 months exclusive breastfeeding, breastfeeding to 2 years and giving MP-ASI), Optimal Environment (hand washing, there is no contamination of the environment and smoking habits) and Optimal Health Care (complete immunization on schedule and pediatric services at the hospital according to healthcare) with the nutritional status of children 0-59 months of using the data Riskesdas 2007. The results showed an association between indicators of BW/U with Optimal Nutrition (6 months exclusive breastfeeding, breastfeeding to 2 years and giving MP-ASI) and Optimal Environment (hand washing, there is no contamination of the environment and smoking habits), the indicator TB/U with Optimal Nutrition (exclusive breastfeeding, breastfeeding to 2 years and giving MP-ASI) and Optimal Environment (hand washing, there is no contamination of the environment and smoking habits), the indicator BB/TB with Optimal Nutrition (breast-feeding Exclusive 6 months, breastfeeding to 2 years and giving MP-ASI), Optimal Environment (hand-washing habits, there is no contamination of the environment and smokinghabits.